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Examining Perceptions, Social, And Policy Factors Influencing Hepatitis B Birth-Dose Vaccine Uptake: A Pen-3 Cultural Model Mixed-Methods Study Of Healthcare Workers In Nigeria, Olufunto A Olusanya, Caven Ngoe, Maria Afadapa, Peter Kalulu, Nkiruka Obodoechina, Temitope Ojo, Juliet Iwelunmor, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: The timely administration of the birth-dose hepatitis B (HepB-BD) vaccine is recommended by global and national guidelines to effectively prevent perinatal transmission. In high-disease-burden countries, such as Nigeria, the adoption of the HepB-BD vaccine remains limited. Emerging global policy discussions highlight the need to examine healthcare workers' (HCWs') perceptions of pediatric vaccination guidelines, the safety and effectiveness of the HepB-BD vaccine, and how family, social support, and community factors influence vaccine delivery.

METHODS: A convergent mixed-methods study of HCWs was conducted in Nigeria between July and August 2024. Using the PEN-3 Cultural Model as our framework, we concurrently administered …

Resolving Heterogeneity In Lymph Node Stromal Cells Using High-Dimensional Analysis Of Non-Optimized Flow Cytometry Data, Mikala E Heon, Eduardo Rosa-Molinar

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Lymph Node Stromal Cells (LNSCs) are a diverse population of cells responsible for maintaining the lymph node environment and regulating the immune response. Given these roles, they have the potential to help replicate lymph node functions

Near Infrared Fluorophore Specific For Annexin A2 Identifies Peripheral Nerve Injury In A Rodent Transection Model, Marie C Spezia, Christopher J Dy, Brooke Farrell, Ayan Iftikhar, Stephen Demartini, Ron Perez, Samuel Achilefu, David M Brogan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) pose a major challenge in the intraoperative assessment of nerve viability. Wallerian degeneration (WD) is the degenerative process of axonal breakdown distal to the site of injury, with limited proximal extension, and progresses through spatiotemporally consistent stages facilitated by Schwann cell reprogramming and macrophage infiltration. We evaluated LS-301, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore previously used in human oncology trials, that targets phosphorylated annexin A2 (pANXA2), which is upregulated and redistributed to Schwann cell surfaces after nerve injury.

METHODS: Utilizing a sciatic nerve transection model in rats, LS-301 was compared with the untargeted control dye Cypate-3 using …

Immunoembolization In Liver-Predominant Metastatic Uveal Melanoma: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis, Renee Morecroft, Jordan Phillipps, Amrat Kumar, Jacob Strelnikov, George Nassief, Naganathan Mani, Jennifer Gould, Tanner Johanns, George Ansstas

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Approximately 50% of patients with uveal melanoma develop metastatic disease, most commonly involving the liver, and prognosis remains poor. Immunoembolization (IE) is an established liver-directed therapy for patients with liver-dominant metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM), though comparative data with other regional therapies remain limited. We present a single-center retrospective analysis of IE in hepatic mUM and compare outcomes with those reported in the Phase 3 FOCUS trial evaluating melphalan via percutaneous hepatic perfusion.

METHODS: All patients with liver-dominant mUM treated with IE between 2010 and 2023 at our institution were included. Clinical records were reviewed for demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment …

Hiv-2 Infection As A Comparative Lens For Functional Hiv-1 Remission, Sabastine Eugene Arthur, John Atanniba, Prince Adom Nartey, Yeena Abla Tay, Dzidzor Aku Attoh, Christopher Zaab-Yen Abana, Evelyn Yayra Bonney, George Boateng Kyei

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Four decades into the HIV pandemic, HIV-2 infection remains an underutilized comparative resource for HIV-1 cure research. HIV-2 is associated with lower plasma viral loads, slower CD4

Modulation Of Ccr2/Ccl2 Molecular Axis In The Expansion And Rupture Of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms, Ryan Wahidi, Santiago Elizondo-Benedetto, Ryan Catlett, Bera Koklu, Mohamed A Zayed

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The CCR2/CCL2 molecular axis is a critical mediator of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathogenesis. It has been demonstrated to drive chronic inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and vascular remodeling through the recruitment and activation of monocytes/macrophages and other immune cell types. Pre-clinical studies demonstrate that CCR2 inhibition reduces AAA formation, expansion, and progression in animal models. Emerging imaging techniques have validated CCR2 as a biomarker for AAA instability in humans. Although clinical trials targeting CCR2 are currently limited in number, ongoing translational studies highlight that CCR2 blockade is a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate AAA expansion and the risk of rupture. …

Modulating Efferocytosis In The Intestinal Epithelial Cells During Colorectal Cancer, Laura Boeckaerts, Tania Løve Aaes, Evi Scheirlinckx, Sze Men Choi, Yunus Incik, Amanda Gonçalves, Tino Hochepied, Lars Vereecke, Kodi S Ravichandran

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the thirdmost common cancer and a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with over 1.9 million cases diagnosed in 2022. Due to poor response to classical cancer treatments, CRC is associated with low survival rates. This creates an urgent need for better understanding of CRC pathology. Cell death occurs continuously in solid tumors, and is also induced acutely, during chemotherapy. Dead cells are cleared by phagocytes via 'efferocytosis', an anti-inflammatory process that can lead to immune escape and reduced therapeutic efficacy. We hypothesized that efferocytosis might contribute to tumor development and that manipulating this process …

Eligibility For Anti-Amyloid Treatment In A Multiethnic Community-Based Study, Lydia Trudel, Joseph Therriault, Arthur C Macedo, Karin L Meeker, Meredith N Braskie, Arthur W Toga, Serge Gauthier, Paolo Vitali, Suzanne E Schindler, Sid E O'Bryant, Pedro Rosa-Neto

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: The approval of anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including lecanemab and donanemab, represents a significant advance in disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for early Alzheimer's disease (AD). While appropriate use recommendations (AURs) have been established to guide clinical decision-making, the proportion of individuals with cognitive impairment in real-world, multiethnic populations meeting eligibility criteria remains unknown, as do potential differences in treatment-related risks across ethnic groups.

METHODS: We included 513 cognitively impaired individuals from the Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities study, a multiethnic community-based cohort. Eligibility for lecanemab and donanemab was determined using published AUR criteria. Counts of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities were …

Assessing The Implementation Of National Sodium Reduction Policies In Nigeria: An Interim Qualitative Evaluation Of Stakeholder Perspectives, Chisom Obiezu-Umeh, Erica L Jamro, Guhan Iyer, Mark D Huffman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Population-wide dietary sodium reduction is a global priority and a highly cost-effective strategy to lower blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular disease risk. In response, the Nigerian government launched the National Multi-sectoral Action Plan (NMSAP) in 2019, recommending evidence-based policy actions including limiting sodium in processed foods, restricting food advertising especially for children, promoting public awareness, integrating nutrition education in schools, and front-of-package labeling. We conducted a qualitative study to examine progress, barriers, and facilitators in implementing these policy actions 3 years post-launch.

METHODS: Between March and September 2024, we conducted 47 key informant interviews and 5 focus group discussions …

Effects Of Anti-Parkinsonian Medication On Gait During Internal And External Rhythmic Auditory Cueing In Pd, Sidney T Baudendistel, Lauren E Tueth, Ryan P Duncan, Allison M Haussler, Liza Birov, Gammon M Earhart

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: External and internal auditory cueing strategies improve gait function, including velocity and stride length, in people with Parkinson disease (PD). Further, internal cueing can reduce gait variability, a measure associated with falls. In the present study, we asked whether the efficacy of external and internal rhythmic cues depends on dopaminergic status, i.e., OFF vs. ON medication. This question is relevant to the real-world use of cueing, as dopaminergic medication responsiveness fluctuates for individuals. We measured gait while participants with PD walked with an external cue (music playing aloud) and with an internal cue (mentally singing) in both OFF and …

Is Science Still An Old Boys’ Network? A Structural Approach For Assessing Patterns Of Gender Heterophily In A Large Research Network, Jessica Thein, Karen Skinner, Sara Malone, Mia T. Vogel, Bobbi J. Carothers, Todd B. Combs, Douglas A. Luke

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Cgrp Expression And Signaling Sensitization In A Mouse Model Of Chronic Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy, Junwei Du, Leland C Sudlow, Margaret H Johnson, Kanishk Satish, Abraham Villagomez, Hongzhen Hu, Mikhail Y Berezin

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a frequent and dose-limiting side effect of oxaliplatin treatment, yet its molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Calcitonin gene-related peptide alpha (CGRPα, encoded by

Membrane Il-18 Identifies A Human Macrophage Subset With Distinct Proteomic And Functional Traits, Chiara Vitale, Marco Colonna, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This study contributes to the characterization of human macrophages in normal and pathological conditions such as cancer. We characterized a macrophage population expressing membrane-associated IL-18 (mIL-18) that shows peculiar proteomic, phenotypic, ultrastructural, and functional properties. mIL-18+ macrophages exhibit increased levels of key proteins involved in pathogen recognition, activation, migration, and endocytosis. They also display specialized functions in vesicle and actin filament transport and lipid metabolism, and have typical mitochondrial traits. Importantly, mIL-18+ cells dominate the peritoneal fluid of adult cancer patients and are present in the bone marrow of children with neuroblastoma. They express high levels of TREM2 but display …

Real-World Outcomes Of Talimogene Laherparepvec As Salvage Therapy For Advanced Melanoma, Melissa M Yamada, Smitha Chandrasekhar, Ted A Gooley, Rita E Chen, Coley Doolittle-Amieva, George Ansstas, Shailender Bhatia, Evan T Hall, Paul T Nghiem, Song Y Park, David Y Chen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is an oncolytic herpes simplex virus therapy approved for treatment of unresectable and metastatic melanoma. However, real-world use often occurs in heavily pretreated patients, where evidence of effectiveness remains limited. This study evaluates treatment responses and clinical factors influencing T-VEC outcomes in patients with diverse treatment histories.

METHODS: We analyzed patients with metastatic melanoma treated with T-VEC between 2015 and 2024. Objective responses (OR), complete response (CR) and partial response were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. Durability of responses, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier estimates.

RESULTS: Among …

Association Of Shock Index And Variants With Mortality In Acute Pulmonary Embolism, Cameron P Upchurch, Kristen Sanfilippo, Daphne Lew, Maanasi Samant, Rachel Mcdonald

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is common with potential for morbidity and mortality. Several PE risk-stratification tools exist; however, more granular and patient-specific indicators of potential decompensation or short-term mortality that can be easily obtained are needed for the bedside clinician to further sub-stratify risk and inform management decisions. We sought to determine the association of early emergency department (ED) measurement of the shock index (SI) and SI variants (modified SI, SI to peripheral oxygen saturation ratio, age-adjusted SI, respiratory-adjusted SI, and double product) and mortality among patients with acute PE.

METHODS: This was an observational case-control study of adult patients …

Acl Injuries In Major League Soccer: A 10-Year Analysis Of Injury Rate And Return To Play, And Performance Metrics By Player Position, Brian Forsythe, Catherine Hand, Camden Bohn, Francis Hand, Vahram Gamsarian, Daanish Khazi-Syed, Joshua Chang, Vikranth Mirle, Eric Giza, Robert Brophy, Danyal Nawabi, Bert Mandelbaum

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most debilitating injuries in professional soccer, often leading to extended recovery times and performance impacts. While much is known about ACL injury outcomes in European leagues, data specific to the Major League Soccer (MLS) remains limited.

PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: This study aimed to assess the return to play (RTP) times, RTP rates, and performance outcomes after ACL reconstruction in MLS athletes. It was hypothesized that RTP times would improve over the study period and that player performance would stabilize by the third post-injury season, consistent with findings from other professional soccer leagues.

STUDY …

Implementation Of Single-Pill Combination Medication For Hypertension Treatment By Nonphysician Health Care Workers At Primary Healthcare Facilities In Nigeria: An Explanatory Mixed Methods Study, Emmanuel I Okpetu, Chisom Obiezu-Umeh, Boni M Ale, Abigail S Baldridge, Rosemary C B Okoli, Grace J Shedul, Gabriel L Shedul, Nanna R Ripiye, Ikechukwu A Orji, Lisa R Hirschhorn, Dike B Ojji, Mark D Huffman, Hypertension Treatment In Nigeria Program Investigators

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Single-pill combination (SPC) therapy improves hypertension control; however, its implementation in primary care settings remains limited. In Nigeria, there is insufficient evidence on factors influencing SPC uptake, particularly from the perspective of healthcare workers (HCWs). This study examined the implementation of SPC medications for hypertension treatment by nonphysician HCWs at primary healthcare facilities (PHCs) in Nigeria.

METHODS: An explanatory sequential mixed methods study was conducted, building on a cluster randomized controlled trial embedded within the Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria Program. The trial compared SPC medications with free-equivalent combination therapies across 60 PHCs (January-June 2021). A subsequent qualitative component (September-December …

Current Controversies On Adequate Circulating Vitamin D Levels In Ckd, Adriana S Dusso, Daniela J Porta, Carlos Bernal-Mizrachi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Management of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has evolved dramatically over the past five decades, driven by discoveries that have fundamentally reshaped our understanding of the vitamin D endocrine system and its role in disease progression. This review synthesizes the key pathophysiological insights and clinical evidence underlying three critical paradigm shifts. The first shift moved beyond simple calcitriol replacement with the development of selective vitamin D receptor activators (VDRAs) designed to minimize hypercalcemia while maximizing PTH suppression. Crucially, these analogs revealed unexpected survival benefits, suggesting protective VDR actions extending beyond mineral metabolism. The second shift recognized the …

The Common Cold Is Associated With Protection From Sars-Cov-2 Infections, Camille M Moore, Katherine Rivera-Spoljaric, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Adults and children often respond differently to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, with adults facing a higher risk of symptomatic and severe illness. We hypothesize that children's protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 may be due to more frequent respiratory viral infections, which prime their airway antiviral defenses.

METHODS: Using case-cohort and case-control analyses in the Human Epidemiology and Response to SARS-CoV-2 cohort, we evaluated whether infection with common respiratory viruses protects against SARS-CoV-2 infections and investigated airway molecular mechanisms by which this protection is achieved. We tested 10 493 longitudinal nasal swabs from 1156 participants for 21 …

Baseline Exposure-Response Assessment Of Metals From Dried Blood Spots And Personal Household Air Pollution Concentrations Among Pregnant Women In Rwanda: Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial, Adolphe Ndikubwimana, Lisa De Las Fuentes, Victor G Dávila-Román, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Exposure to metals from the combustion of biomass via inhalation may result in negative health outcomes affecting a variety of organs and systems. Pregnant women cooking with biomass fuels may be exposed to metals, such as lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), and have unique risks for adverse health effects with potential impacts on the growing fetus. We assessed the associations between household air pollution and metals detected in dried blood spots from pregnant women at baseline in Rwanda.

METHODS: We analyzed data from 781 pregnant women aged 18-35 years who resided in rural households using biomass fuel and who …

Limited Agreement On Acl Tear Location Between Arthroscopy And Mri: A Prospective Evaluation, Richard Silverman, Derrick M Knapik, Matthew V Smith, Jonathan C Baker, Kelby Napier, Matthew J Matava, Robert H Brophy

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Renewed interest in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) preservation has led to increased focus on tear location within the knee joint in treatment decisions, with primary ACL repair reserved for proximal tears. Retrospective studies have reported varying tear locations in adults when assessed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with few studies comparing tear location on MRI versus intraoperative findings.

PURPOSE: To prospectively determine the distribution of ACL tear location assessed on MRI versus intraoperative evaluation to test the hypothesis that < 15% of ACL tears are proximal type avulsions.

STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

METHODS: A total of 174 patients with clinically confirmed full-thickness ACL …

Presence Of Eosinophils May Represent An Earlier Stage In Achalasia Pathogenesis, Andrea Costantini, Chandra Prakash Gyawali, Francesca Forattini, Valentina Angerilli, Matteo Ghisa, Luca Provenzano, Giovanni Capovilla, Loredana Nicoletti, Michele Valmasoni, Matteo Fassan, Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino, Renato Salvador

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Intraepithelial eosinophils have been described in patients with esophageal motor disorders. Conversely, motor disorders and even achalasia have been reported in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).

OBJECTIVES: This prospective study aimed to further investigate the association between eosinophilia and achalasia.

DESIGN: This is a prospective study.

METHODS: A series of 30 consecutive treatment-naïve achalasia patients (mean age: 45.5 years, 53% female) undergoing laparoscopic myotomy were prospectively enrolled. Preoperative demographic and clinical data, radiological findings, and high-resolution manometry (HRM) features were collected. Patients underwent upper endoscopy with biopsy sampling before surgery, and two samples of distal esophageal muscle were obtained …

Investigating The Polygenic Relationship Between Heavy Cannabis Use And Schizophrenia In The All Of Us Research Program, Isabelle Austin-Zimmerman, Hayley H A Thorpe, John J Meredith, Jibran Y Khokhar, Tian Ge, Marta Di Forti, Arpana Agrawal, Emma C Johnson, Sandra Sanchez-Roige

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Decades of research have identified a strong association between heavy cannabis use and schizophrenia (SCZ), with evidence of correlated genetic factors. However, many studies on the genetic relationship between cannabis use and psychosis have lacked data on both phenotypes within the same individuals, creating challenges due to unmeasured confounding. We aimed to address this by using multimodal data from the All of Us Research Program, which contains genetic data as well as information on SCZ diagnosis and cannabis use.

METHODS: We tested the association between cannabis use disorder (CUD) and SCZ polygenic scores (PGSs) with SCZ and heavy cannabis …

Holter Monitor Qt Dispersion And Qtc-Dispersion In Pediatric Long Qt Syndrome And Development Of A Diagnostic And Arrhythmia Risk Prediction Model, Hadeel Allam, Na Le Dang, Edita Karasalihovic, Nathan Miller, Lisa Roelle, William B Orr, Dustin Nash, Anthony G Pompa, Jennifer N A Silva

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Holter monitors can provide temporal QT analysis, allowing for calculation of QT dispersion and corrected QT dispersion over time. We describe the results of the QT dispersion and corrected QT dispersion over a 24-hour period in pediatric patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS), compared with a normal cohort, and develop 2 new machine learning models for diagnosis and arrhythmia risk prediction in LQTS.

METHODS: A single-center retrospective case-control study was conducted comparing patients with congenital LQTS and normal controls who underwent a clinically indicated Holter between January 2022 and May 2024. After identifying patients with cardiac events, 2 neural …

Baseline Ecg And Cardiovascular Outcomes In People With Hiv: Insights From Reprieve, Aya Awwad, Shashwatee Bagchi, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: With antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV (PWH) have an increased burden of cardiovascular disease. The REPRIEVE (Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV) trial demonstrated that pitavastatin reduces major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among PWH at low to moderate traditional atherosclerotic risk. Electrocardiographic abnormalities are common in PWH, but little is known about their association with MACEs. We sought to examine whether baseline electrocardiographic abnormalities are associated with increased MACE risk among a global primary cardiovascular disease prevention cohort of PWH in REPRIEVE.

METHODS: In this observational analysis, entry electrocardiographic abnormalities were adjudicated and classified as major or …

Resident-Led Peer Support Groups In Emergency Medicine: A Pilot Framework For Peer Leader Training, Kyra D Reed, Alexandria P Weston, Alexandra E Serpe, Destiny D Folk, Jacob M Destrampe, Heather P Kelker, Aloysius J Humbert, Katie E Pettit, Julie L Welch

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Peer support has demonstrated efficacy in alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression, while fostering empathy and mitigating burnout among healthcare professionals. Given the considerable demands of residency training, there is a strong rationale for resident-led peer support interventions. However, structured programs to train residents for such leadership roles remain limited. Our objective was to implement a peer support leader training program for residents, evaluate its perceived effectiveness, and identify common themes discussed in sessions. Between June 2021 and June 2023, we performed a longitudinal, prospective cohort survey study of Emergency Medicine (EM) and EM/Pediatrics (EM/P) residents participating in a novel …

Loss Of Mfap5 And Its Effect On Skin Homeostasis And Wound Healing, Chen Han, Heidi Yuan, Timothy J Koh, Lin Chen, Robert P Mecham, Luisa A Dipietro

2020-Current year OA Pubs

MFAP5, also known as microfibrillar-associated glycoprotein-2 (MAGP2), may influence parameters of skin wound healing related to scar formation. To further elucidate its role in skin wound healing, we assessed skin wound repair in Mfap5

In The Mouth Or In The Gut? Innovation Through Implementing Oral And Gastrointestinal Health Science In Chronic Pain Management, Jo Nijs, Burel R Goodin, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Recent scientific advances point towards an important role for oral and gastrointestinal health in people with chronic pain. Poor oral health (e.g., periodontitis, tooth loss) is observed in subgroups of the chronic pain population, including abdominal pain, low back pain, fibromyalgia, and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition to poor oral health, studies have also revealed altered intestinal microbiota compositions in various types of chronic pain, including people with chronic low back pain, knee osteoarthritis, visceral pain, fibromyalgia, tinnitus, and migraine. While overweight/obesity contributes to the likelihood of gut dysbiosis, normal-weight individuals with chronic pain also more often present with poor gut …

Effect Of Same-Day Hiv Treatment Initiation (Sdi) On 1-Year Outcomes In Low-And Middle -Income Countries: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Randomised Trials, Nikita Sass, Hanna Havrylenko, Felix Gerber, Alain Amstutz, Sydney Rosen, Alana Brennan, Mhairi Maskew, Serena Koenig, Nancy Dorvil, Elvin H Geng, Tracy Glass, Nathan P Ford, Niklaus Daniel Labhardt, Stefan Schandelmaier

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Same-day initiation (SDI) of antiretroviral therapy is recommended for people presenting with HIV who have no contraindications. We reviewed the evidence on SDI interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of SDI in adults diagnosed with HIV in LMICs. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to December 2024. Primary outcomes were viral suppression and retention in care 6-12 months after enrolment. Based on a qualitative assessment of the complex trial interventions, we considered two subgroups: (1) interventions newly introducing SDI and (2) interventions improving …

Synergistic Potential Of Sipuleucel-T In Enhancing Immunotherapy For Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Kavita Rawat, Varnika Punia, Parker Mathews, Sara Mccoy, Wilbur Song, Muhammad A Saeed, Russell K Pachynski

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Clinical trials of immunotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have largely been unsuccessful despite promising preclinical studies and proven efficacy in other solid tumors. These disappointing clinical outcomes have been attributed to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, a relative lack of infiltrating immune effector cells, and tumor-related and host-related factors, which collectively render prostate cancer a relatively immunologically "cold" tumor. Sipuleucel-T (Provenge), an autologous cellular immunotherapy, induces an immune response targeted against prostatic acid phosphatase. It received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010, marking the first immunotherapy to show an overall survival benefit in patients with …