Digital Commons Network^™

Failure In A Population: Tauopathy Disrupts Homeostatic Set-Points In Emergent Dynamics Despite Stability In The Constituent Neurons, James N Mcgregor, Clayton A Farris, Sahara Ensley, Aidan Schneider, Leandro J Fosque, Chao Wang, Elizabeth I Tilden, Yuqi Liu, Jianhong Tu, Halla Elmore, Keenan D Ronayne, Ralf Wessel, Kiran Bhaskaran-Nair, David M Holtzman, Keith B Hengen, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Homeostatic regulation of neuronal activity is essential for robust computation; set-points, such as firing rate, are actively stabilized to compensate for perturbations. The disruption of brain function central to neurodegenerative disease likely arises from impairments of computationally essential set-points. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of tau-mediated neurodegeneration on all known set-points in neuronal activity. We continuously tracked hippocampal neuronal activity across the lifetime of a mouse model of tauopathy. We were unable to detect effects of disease in measures of single-neuron firing activity. By contrast, as tauopathy progressed, there was disruption of network-level neuronal activity, quantified by measuring neuronal …

Engineered Self-Regulating Macrophages For Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Drug Delivery, Molly Klimak, Amanda Cimino, Kristin L Lenz, Luke E Springer, Kelsey H Collins, Natalia S Harasymowicz, Nathan Xu, Christine T N Pham, Farshid Guilak

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by increased levels of inflammation that primarily manifests in the joints. Macrophages act as key drivers for the progression of RA, contributing to the perpetuation of chronic inflammation and dysregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1). The goal of this study was to develop a macrophage-based cell therapy for biologic drug delivery in an autoregulated manner.

METHODS: For proof-of-concept, we developed "smart" macrophages to mitigate the effects of IL-1 by delivering its inhibitor, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Bone marrow-derived macrophages were lentivirally transduced with a synthetic gene circuit …

Volumetric Body Composition Analysis Of The Cancer Genome Atlas Reveals Novel Body Composition Traits And Molecular Markers Associated With Renal Carcinoma Outcomes, Olesya Mironchuk, Andrew L Chang, Farzaneh Rahmani, Kaitlyn Portell, Elena Nunez, Zack Nigogosyan, Da Ma, Karteek Popuri, Vincent Tze Yang Chow, Mirza Faisal Beg, Jingqin Luo, Joseph E Ippolito

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Clinically, the body mass index remains the most frequently used metric of overall obesity, although it is flawed by its inability to account for different adipose (i.e., visceral, subcutaneous, and inter/intramuscular) compartments, as well as muscle mass. Numerous prior studies have demonstrated linkages between specific adipose or muscle compartments to outcomes of multiple diseases. Although there are no universally accepted standards for body composition measurement, many studies use a single slice at the L3 vertebral level. In this study, we use computed tomography (CT) studies from patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to compare current L3-based techniques with volumetric …

Crispr/Cas9 Screens Identify Key Host Factors That Enhance Rotavirus Reverse Genetics Efficacy And Vaccine Production, Yinxing Zhu, Meagan E Sullender, Danielle E Campbell, Leran Wang, Sanghyun Lee, Takahiro Kawagishi, Gaopeng Hou, Alen Dizdarevic, Philippe H Jais, Megan T Baldridge, Siyuan Ding

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Rotaviruses pose a significant threat to young children. To identify novel pro- and anti-rotavirus host factors, we performed genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens using rhesus rotavirus and African green monkey cells. Genetic deletion of either SERPINB1 or TMEM236, the top two antiviral factors, in MA104 cells increased virus titers in a rotavirus strain independent manner. Using this information, we optimized the existing rotavirus reverse genetics systems by combining SERPINB1 knockout MA104 cells with a C3P3-G3 helper plasmid. We improved the recovery efficiency and rescued several low-titer rotavirus reporter and mutant strains that prove difficult to rescue otherwise. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TMEM236 …

Induction Of A Distinct Macrophage Population And Protection From Lung Injury And Fibrosis By Notch2 Blockade, Mayra Cruz Tleugabulova, Meizi Liu, Michael S Diamond, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Macrophages are pleiotropic and diverse cells that populate all tissues of the body. Besides tissue-specific resident macrophages such as alveolar macrophages, Kupffer cells, and microglia, multiple organs harbor at least two subtypes of other resident macrophages at steady state. During certain circumstances, like tissue insult, additional subtypes of macrophages are recruited to the tissue from the monocyte pool. Previously, a recruited macrophage population marked by expression of Spp1, Cd9, Gpnmb, Fabp5, and Trem2, has been described in several models of organ injury and cancer, and has been linked to fibrosis in mice and humans. Here, we show that Notch2 blockade, …

The Upfront Project: Tailored Implementation And Evaluation Of A Patient Decision Aid To Support Shared Decision-Making About Management Of Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids, Rachel C Forcino, Mary Politi, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate implementation of a patient decision aid for symptomatic uterine fibroid management to improve shared decision-making at five clinical settings across the United States.

METHODS: We used a type 3 hybrid effectiveness-implementation stepped-wedge design and the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) planning and evaluation framework. We conducted clinician training, monthly reach tracking with feedback to site clinical leads, patient and clinician surveys, and visit audio-recordings. Implementation strategies included assessment of organizational readiness for shared decision-making, synchronous clinician training, audit and feedback of decision aid reach, and access to multiple decision aid formats. Outcomes and analyses included patient-level …

Facilitating And Restraining Virus Infection Using Cell-Attachable Soluble Viral Receptors, Heng Zhang, Zhengli Wang, Huong T T Nguyen, Marjorie Cornejo Pontelli, Wanrong Qi, Liem Rao, Zhuoming Liu, Sean P J Whelan, Jieqing Zhu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

SARS-CoV-2 uses the receptor binding domain (RBD) of its spike protein to recognize and infect host cells by binding to the cell surface receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The ACE2 receptor is composed of peptidase domain (PD), collectrin-like domain, transmembrane domain, and short cytoplasmic domain, and may exist as a dimer on cell surface. The RBD binding site is located atop of the ACE2 PD, but the involvement of other domains in virus infection is uncertain. We found that the ACE2 PD alone, whether anchored to cell membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor or attached to another surface protein, is …

Nkp46+ Ilc3s Promote Early Neutrophil Defense Against Clostridioides Difficile Infection Through Gm-Csf Secretion, José L Fachi, Sarah De Oliveira, Susan Gilfillan, Alina Ulezko Antonova, Jinchao Hou, Marco A R Vinolo, Marco Colonna

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Extending The Translational Science Benefits Model To Implementation Science For Cancer Prevention And Control, Karen M Emmons, Ross C Brownson, Douglas A Luke

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: There is increasing pressure on the federal research budget and shifting public opinions about the value of the academic enterprise. We must develop and apply metrics that demonstrate the broad benefits of research for health and society. The Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) measures the impact of large-scale translational science initiatives, such as the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Moonshot. TSBM provides the scaffolding to illustrate how science has real-world health impacts. We propose an expansion of the TSBM to explicitly include implementation-focused outcomes.

METHODS: TSBM includes four categories of benefits, including (1) clinical and medical, (2) community and public …

Mitral Annular Disjunction In Heritable Thoracic Aortic Disease: Insights From The Montalcino Aortic Consortium, Kishan L Asokan, Alan Braverman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Mitral annular disjunction (MAD), posterior displacement of the mitral valve leaflet hinge point, predisposes to arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death. We evaluated the burden of MAD, mitral valve prolapse (MVP), and mitral regurgitation (MR) by heritable thoracic aortic disease gene in a cross-sectional analysis of 2014-2023 data in the Montalcino Aortic Consortium registry.

METHODS AND RESULTS: MAD was determined by direct measurement of echocardiographic images. MR and MVP were defined according to current clinical guidelines. Associations were evaluated using χ

CONCLUSIONS: Pathological mitral valve phenotypes are more prevalent in individuals with PV in transforming growth factor-β pathway genes, particularly

Race And Ethnicity, Gender, And Promotion Of Physicians In Academic Medicine, Lauren Clark, Elena Shergina, Nathalia Machado, Taneisha S Scheuermann, Nasrin Sultana, Deepika Polineni, Grace H Shih, Robert D Simari, Jo A Wick, Kimber P Richter

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: The ranks of academic physicians do not reflect the diversity of the US population. To create a diverse and effective medical workforce, it is important to know the extent to which gender, race and ethnicity, and the intersection of these factors are associated with career advancement.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether race and ethnicity and gender are associated with appointment to or promotion within academic medicine.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study used Association of American Medical Colleges data on graduates of all US MD-granting medical schools from 1979 to 2019 merged with faculty appointment data since 2000. Data …

Actionable Structural Variant Detection Via Rns-Ngs And Dna-Ngs In Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Dwight Owen, Daniel Morgensztern, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for non-small cell lung cancer suggest that RNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) may improve the detection of fusions and splicing variants compared with DNA-NGS alone. However, there is limited adoption of RNA-NGS in routine oncology clinical care today.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical evidence from a diverse cohort of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma and compare the detection of NCCN-recommended actionable structural variants (aSVs; fusions and splicing variants) via concurrent DNA and RNA-NGS vs DNA-NGS alone.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multisite, retrospective cohort study examined patients sequenced between February 2021 and October 2023 …

Race, Gender, And Faculty Retention In Academic Medicine, Taneisha S Scheuermann, Lauren Clark, Nasrin Sultana, Nathalia Machado, Elena Shergina, Deepika Polineni, Grace H Shih, Robert D Simari, Jo A Wick, Kimber P Richter

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Poor retention may be associated with lack of faculty diversity in academic medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To examine differences in faculty retention by gender, degree type, and race and ethnicity using data from US medical schools.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study analyzed data from 155 medical schools for 1978 to 2021, which were obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges. Retention rates were calculated by gender, race and ethnicity, and degree type. Time to attrition was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the differences in retention by gender and race. …

Quality Of Publicly Available Information About Urinary Tract Infections, Viktoria Schmitz, Zoe Troubh, Michael Durkin, Kevin Hsueh, Katheryn Ney, Brian D Carpenter, Shinbee Waldron, Mary C Politi, Cdc Prevention Epicenters Program

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Performance Of Risk Models For Antimicrobial Resistance In Adult Patients With Sepsis, M Cristina Vazquez Guillamet, Hanyang Liu, Andrew Atkinson, Victoria J Fraser, Chenyang Lu, Marin H Kollef

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: The results of prediction models that stratify patients with sepsis and risk of resistant gram-negative bacilli (GNB) infections inform treatment guidelines. However, these models do not extrapolate well across hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether patient case mix and local prevalence rates of resistance contributed to the variable performance of a general risk stratification GNB sepsis model for community-onset and hospital-onset sepsis across hospitals.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted from January 2016 and October 2021. Adult patients with sepsis at 10 acute-care hospitals in rural and urban areas across Missouri and Illinois were included. …

Deletion Of Fgfr2 In Ductal Basal Epithelium With Tamoxifen Induces Obstructive Meibomian Gland Dysfunction, Xiaowei Yang, Xingwu Zhong, Haotian Lin, Andrew J W Huang, Lixing W Reneker

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2) is crucial for the homeostasis of meibomian gland (MG). However, the role of Fgfr2 in MG ductal epithelial progenitors remains to be delineated. Herein, we created a new transgenic mouse model with conditional deletion of Fgfr2 from MG ductal progenitors and investigated the cell-specific role in the pathogenesis of obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction.

METHODS: Peritoneal injection of tamoxifen (TAM) at 50 µg/gm for three consecutive days was performed to induce conditional deletion of Fgfr2 in two-month-old Krt5Fgfr2CKO or Krt5Fgfr2CKO-mTmG mice. Phenotypes of MG after Fgfr2 deletion were monitored by meibography, lipid staining, and …

Improving Risk Stratification For 2022 European Leukemianet Favorable-Risk Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Kellie J Archer, Geoffrey L Uy, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Assignment of patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to the 2022 European LeukemiaNet (ELN) favorable genetic risk group has important clinical implications, as allogeneic stem cell transplantation in first complete remission (CR) is not advised due to a relatively good outcome of patients receiving chemotherapy alone and transplant-associated mortality. However, not all favorable genetic risk patients experience long-term relapse-free survival (RFS), making recognition of patients who would most likely be cured of high importance. We analyzed 297 patients aged < 60 years with

Multicenter Validation Of An Rna-Based Assay To Predict Anti-Pd-1 Disease Control In Patients With Recurrent Or Metastatic Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Predapt Study, Kevin C Flanagan, Jessica Ley, Douglas Adkins, Eric J Duncavage, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Despite advances in cancer care and detection, >65% of patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (HNSCC) will develop recurrent and/or metastatic disease. The prognosis for these patients is poor with a 5-year overall survival of 39%. Recent treatment advances in immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab and nivolumab, have resulted in clinical benefit in a subset of patients. There is a critical clinical need to identify patients who benefit from these antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitors.

METHODS: Here, we report findings from a multicenter observational study, PREDicting immunotherapy efficacy from …

Distinct Escherichia Coli Transcriptional Profiles In The Guts Of Recurrent Uti Sufferers Revealed By Pangenome Hybrid Selection, Mark G Young, Jesús Bazan Villicana, Philippe Azimzadeh, Andrew Kau, Karen W Dodson, Henry L Schreiber 4th, Scott J Hultgren, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Low-abundance members of microbial communities are difficult to study in their native habitats, including Escherichia coli, a minor but common inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract, and key opportunistic pathogen of the urinary tract. While multi-omic analyses have detailed interactions between uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and the bladder mediating urinary tract infection (UTI), little is known about UPEC in its pre-infection reservoir, the gastrointestinal tract, partly due to its low relative abundance (<1%). To sensitively explore the genomes and transcriptomes of diverse gut E. coli, we develop E. coli PanSelect, which uses probes designed to specifically capture E. coli's broad pangenome. We demonstrate its ability to enrich diverse E. coli by orders of magnitude, in a mock community and in human stool from a study investigating recurrent UTI (rUTI). Comparisons of transcriptomes between gut E. coli of women with and without history of rUTI suggest rUTI gut E. coli are responding to increased oxygen and nitrate, suggestive of mucosal inflammation, which may have implications for recurrent disease. E. coli PanSelect is well suited for investigations of in vivo E. coli biology in other low-abundance environments, and the framework described here has broad applicability to other diverse, low-abundance organisms.

Association Between Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use And Progression Of Monoclonal Gammopathy Of Uncertain Significance To Multiple Myeloma Among Patients With Diabetes, Nikhil Grandhi, Lawrence Liu, Mei Wang, Theodore Thomas, Martin Schoen, Kristen Sanfilippo, Feng Gao, Graham A Colditz, Kenneth R Carson, Murali Janakiram, Su-Hsin Chang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: In patients with diabetes and monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS), the impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists on the natural history of MGUS is unknown. We aimed to assess the association of GLP-1 receptor agonist use in the progression of MGUS to multiple myeloma in patients with diabetes.

METHODS: This is a population-based cohort study of veterans diagnosed with MGUS from 2006 to 2021 with a prior diagnosis of diabetes. A validated natural language processing algorithm was used to confirm MGUS and progression to multiple myeloma. We performed 1:2 matching for individuals with and without GLP-1 receptor …

Efficacy, Safety, And Quality Of Life 4 Years After Valoctocogene Roxaparvovec Gene Transfer For Severe Hemophilia A In The Phase 3 Gener8-1 Trial, Andrew D Leavitt, Elaine Majerus, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Valoctocogene roxaparvovec, an adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapy for severe hemophilia A, enables endogenous factor (F)VIII expression and provides bleed protection.

OBJECTIVES: Determine valoctocogene roxaparvovec durability, efficacy, and safety 4 years after treatment.

METHODS: In the phase 3 GENEr8-1 trial, 134 adult male persons with severe hemophilia A without inhibitors and previously using FVIII prophylaxis received a 6 × 10

RESULTS: Median follow-up was 214.3 weeks; 2 participants discontinued since the previous data cutoff. Declines from baseline in mean treated annualized bleed rate (-82.6%;

CONCLUSION: Valoctocogene roxaparvovec provides persistent FVIII expression, hemostatic control, and health-related quality of life improvements with …

Extrapolative Validity Evidence Of The Anastomosis Objective Structured Assessment Of Technical Skill (A-Osats) For Robotic Ileocolic Anastomosis, Tiffany K Brocke, Cory Fox, Julie M Clanahan, Coen L Klos, William C Chapman Jr, Paul E Wise, Michael M Awad, Kerri A Ohman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To collect validity evidence for the use of the Anastomosis Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (A-OSATS) instrument, which has been developed to evaluate performance of a minimally invasive side-to-side bowel anastomosis with hand-sewn common enterotomy.

DESIGN: Residents performed a robotic ileocolic anastomosis simulation on an ex vivo porcine model. Faculty scored each resident with the A-OSATS and performed a provocative leak test on the completed anastomoses. Residents were reassessed on the sewing sub-score 1 month later. Data were compared with parametric and nonparametric analysis.

SETTING: Single academic general surgery residency PARTICIPANTS: PGY-4 and -5 general surgery residents (n …

Neighborhood Resources Associated With Psychological Trajectories And Neural Reactivity To Reward After Trauma, E Kate Webb, Stacey L House, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Research on resilience after trauma has often focused on individual-level factors (eg, ability to cope with adversity) and overlooked influential neighborhood-level factors that may help mitigate the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether an interaction between residential greenspace and self-reported individual resources was associated with a resilient PTSD trajectory (ie, low/no symptoms) and to test if the association between greenspace and PTSD trajectory was mediated by neural reactivity to reward.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: As part of a longitudinal cohort study, trauma survivors were recruited from emergency departments across the US. Two weeks after trauma, …

Effect Of Surgical Fixation Timing On In-Hospital Mortality And Morbidity Of Distal Femur Fractures, Joseph T Gutbrod, Dustin Stwalley, Anna N Miller

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: The literature lacks a large-scale study investigating the effect of surgical fixation timing on early mortality and morbidity outcomes in distal femur fractures. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of fixation timing on in-hospital mortality and morbidity outcomes for operatively treated distal femur fractures retrospectively using large database data.

METHODS: This study is a retrospective analysis using data from the National Trauma Data Bank. Patients were stratified into a fragility cohort (age ≥ 60, ISS < 16) and polytrauma cohort (age < 60, ISS ≥16), with both cohorts analyzed separately. Within each cohort, patients were split into three fixation timing groups: within 24 h, between 24 and 48 h, and greater than 48 h from presentation to the hospital. Fixation-timing groups were compared based on the primary outcome of in-hospital mortality rate. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU length of stay (ICU LOS), days on a ventilator, and complications.

RESULTS: The fragility and polytrauma cohorts included 22,045 and 5,905 patients, respectively. The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.23 % in …

Can Acetabular Dysplasia Be Measured On Axial Ct? A Measurement For Trauma Surgeons, Ravi R Agrawal, Eric R Barnard, Helena F Barber, Anna N Miller

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Acetabular dysplasia has been theorized as a risk factor instability amongst common acetabular fractures, such as posterior wall (PW) fractures. However, common radiographic measurements often cannot be acquired in trauma patients. We evaluated axial computed tomography (CT) scans to identify novel, easily-obtained measurements that correlate with acetabular dysplasia for use in surgical indications and planning.

METHODS: Patients with known acetabular dysplasia undergoing elective periacetabular osteotomy were selected. A different group of patients without pelvic ring or acetabular fractures from an institutional trauma registry were selected as a comparison group. Standard indices of dysplasia were collected, such as center-edge angle …

The Known And Unknown Reality Of Knee Dislocations: A Systematic Review, Zachary D Randall, Matthew J Strok, Jacob W Mazzola, Ravi Agrawal, Lauren H Yaeger, Marschall B Berkes

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Knee dislocations (KD) are limb threatening injuries known to cause significant dysfunction and disability. This review aims to summarize KD knowledge and uncover areas where more research is needed.

METHODS: The published literature was queried according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies eligible for inclusion were clinical studies of knee dislocations. Studies published before 1990, or that focused on patellofemoral dislocation were excluded.

RESULTS: A total of 132 studies involving 43,869 knee dislocations were analyzed. The majority of patients were young adult males, with high-velocity trauma, particularly motor vehicle accidents, being the most common cause. Substance use and alcohol involvement were …

Hook Of Hamate Regrowth After Surgical Excision: A Report Of Two Cases, Michele Christy, Charles A Goldfarb, Douglas Carlan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Two high-level baseball players sustained a hook of hamate fracture while batting and were treated with excision of the fragment. Both players returned to play, and both had repeat fractures through a regenerated hook. This phenomenon of hook of hamate regeneration has not been well described in the literature. In conclusion, hook of hamate regeneration can occur after fracture fragment excision. The incidence and risk of this sequela as well as its association with surgical technique is uncertain.

Influence Of Physical Activity Measurement On The Association Between Life's Essential 8 And Incident Cardiovascular Disease In Older Women, Eric T Hyde, Steve Nguyen, Michael J Lamonte, Chongzhi Di, John Bellettiere, Lesley F Tinker, Randi E Foraker, Hilary A Tindle, Marcia L Stefanick, Andrea Z Lacroix

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: The American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 (LE8) metric includes self-reported physical activity as one of the metrics for assessing cardiovascular health. Self-reported physical activity is prone to misclassification, whereas accelerometer measures are less biased. We examined associations of LE8 and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) using self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity.

METHODS: Participants in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study (n = 4,243; mean age = 79 ± 7 years) with no CVD history completed the WHI physical activity questionnaire and the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire prior to …

Impact Of Artificial Intelligence-Based Autosegmentation Of Organs At Risk In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Solomon Kibudde, Awusi Kavuma, Yao Hao, Tianyu Zhao, Hiram Gay, Jacaranda Van Rheenen, Pavan Mukesh Jhaveri, Minjmaa Minjgee, Enkhsetseg Vanchinbazar, Urdenekhuu Nansalmaa, Baozhou Sun

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Radiation therapy (RT) processes require significant human resources and expertise, creating a barrier to rapid RT deployment in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Accurate segmentation of tumor targets and organs at risk (OARs) is crucial for optimal RT. This study assessed the impact of artificial intelligence (AI)-based autosegmentation of OARs in 2 LMICs.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ten patients, comprising 5 head and neck (HN) cancer patients and 5 prostate cancer patients, were randomly selected. Planning computed tomography images were subjected to autosegmentation using an Food and Drug Administration-approved AI software tool and manual segmentation by experienced radiation oncologists from …

Assessing Radiology And Radiation Therapy Needs For Cancer Care In Low-And-Middle-Income Countries: Insight From A Global Survey Of Departmental And Institutional Leaders, Stephanie A Parker, Yao Hao, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: The global cancer burden and mortality rates are increasing, with significant disparities in access to care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to identify radiology and radiation therapy needs in LMICs from the perspective of departmental and institutional leaders.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: A survey was developed and conducted by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Global Needs Assessment Committee and the American Association of Physicists in Medicine International Council. The survey, organized into 5 sections (Introduction, Infrastructure Needs, Education Needs, Research Needs, and General Information), was open to respondents from March 1, to August 16, …