Digital Commons Network^™

Long-Term Intake Of Gluten And Cognitive Function Among Us Women, Yiqing Wang, Benjamin Lebwohl, Raaj Mehta, Yin Cao, Peter H.R. Green, Francine Grodstein, Manol Jovani, Paul Lochhead, Olivia I. Okereke, Laura Sampson, Walter C. Willett, Qi Sun, Andrew T. Chan

Open Access Publications

Importance: Gluten avoidance has been suggested as having a benefit to cognitive health among the general population, given the link between gluten and cognitive impairment in patients with celiac disease. However, data are lacking in individuals without celiac disease.

Objective: To examine whether gluten intake is associated with cognitive function in women without celiac disease.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study included US women who participated in the longitudinal, population-based Nurses' Health Study II and had not previously or subsequently been diagnosed with celiac disease. Dietary data were collected from 1991 to 2015, and data on cognitive function were …

Physical Activity, Weight, And Outcomes In Patients Receiving Chemotherapy For Metastatic Breast Cancer (C40502/Alliance), Jennifer A. Ligibel, Luke Huebner, Hope S. Rugo, Harold J. Burstein, Debra L. Toppmeyer, Carey K. Anders, Cynthia Ma, William T. Barry, Vera Suman, Lisa A. Carey, Ann H. Partridge, Clifford A. Hudis, Eric P. Winer

Open Access Publications

Background: Obesity and inactivity are associated with increased risk of cancer-related and overall mortality in breast cancer, but there are few data in metastatic disease.

Methods: Cancer and Leukemia Group B 40502 was a randomized trial of first-line taxane-based chemotherapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer. Height and weight were collected at enrollment. After 299 patients enrolled, the study was amended to assess recreational physical activity (PA) at enrollment using the Nurses' Health Study Exercise Questionnaire. Associations with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using stratified Cox modeling (strata included hormone receptor status, prior taxane, bevacizumab use, …

Is The Intestine A Portal Of Entry For The Serious Covid-19 Complications Of Endotoxemia And Thrombosis?, David H. Alpers

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Endothelial Ether Lipids Link The Vasculature To Blood Pressure, Behavior, And Neurodegeneration, Larry D. Spears, Sangeeta Adak, Guifang Dong, Xiaochao Wei, George Spyropoulos, Qiang Zhang, Li Yin, Chu Feng, Donghua Hu, Irfan J. Lodhi, Fong-Fu Hsu, Rithwick Rajagopal, Kevin K. Noguchi, Carmen M. Halabi, Lindsey Brier, Annie R. Bice, Brian V. Lananna, Erik S. Musiek, Oshri Avraham, Valeria Cavalli, Jerrah K. Holth, David M. Holtzman, David F. Wozniak, Joseph P. Culver, Clay F. Semenkovich

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Dietary Fatty Acid Composition On Lipid Metabolism And Body Fat Accumulation In Ovariectomized Rats, Jhih-Han Yeh, Yu-Tang Tung, Yu-Sheng Yeh, Yi-Wen Chien

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a state of excess energy storage resulting in body fat accumulation, and postmenopausal obesity is a rising issue. In this study using ovariectomized (OVX) rats, we mimicked low estrogen levels in a postmenopausal state in order to investigate the effects of different amounts and types of dietary fatty acids on body fat accumulation and body lipid metabolism.

METHODS: At 9 weeks of age, rats (

RESULTS: After OVX, compared to the S group, the C group showed significantly higher body weight, and insulin and leptin levels. Compared to the C group, the H group had lower hepatic …

Acceleration Of Small Intestine Development And Remodeling Of The Microbiome Following Hyaluronan 35 Kda Treatment In Neonatal Mice, Hala Chaaban, Kathryn Burge, Jeffrey Eckert, Majoi Trammell, David Dyer, Ravi S Keshari, Robert Silasi, Girija Regmi, Cristina Lupu, Misty Good, Steven J Mcelroy, Florea Lupu

Open Access Publications

The beneficial effects of human milk suppressing the development of intestinal pathologies such as necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants are widely known. Human milk (HM) is rich in a multitude of bioactive factors that play major roles in promoting postnatal maturation, differentiation, and the development of the microbiome. Previous studies showed that HM is rich in hyaluronan (HA) especially in colostrum and early milk. This study aims to determine the role of HA 35 KDa, a HM HA mimic, on intestinal proliferation, differentiation, and the development of the intestinal microbiome. We show that oral HA 35 KDa supplementation for 7 …

Adolescent Animal Product Intake In Relation To Later Prostate Cancer Risk And Mortality In The Nih-Aarp Diet And Health Study, Tuo Lan, Yikyung Park, Graham A Colditz, Jingxia Liu, Rashmi Sinha, Molin Wang, Kana Wu, Edward Giovannucci, Siobhan Sutcliffe

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Adolescent intake of animal products has been proposed to contribute to prostate cancer (PCa) development because of its potentially carcinogenic constituents and influence on hormone levels during adolescence.

METHODS: We used data from 159,482 participants in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study to investigate associations for recalled adolescent intake of red meat (unprocessed beef and processed red meat), poultry, egg, canned tuna, animal fat and animal protein at ages 12-13 years with subsequent PCa risk and mortality over 14 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of …

Excessive White Matter Hyperintensity Increases Susceptibility To Poor Functional Outcomes After Acute Ischemic Stroke, Sungmin Hong, Laura Heitsch, Chia-Ling Phuah, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Trajectory Of Long-Term Outcome In Severe Pediatric Diffuse Axonal Injury: An Exploratory Study, Shih-Shan Lang, Todd Kilbaugh, Stuart Friess, Susan Sotardi, Chong Tae Kim, Vanessa Mazandi, Bingqing Zhang, Phillip B Storm, Gregory G Heuer, Alexander Tucker, Steve B Ampah, Heather Griffis, Ramesh Raghupathi, Jimmy W Huh

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Targeting Host Glycolysis As A Strategy For Antimalarial Development, Andrew J Jezewski, Yu-Hsi Lin, Julie A Reisz, Rachel Culp-Hill, Yasaman Barekatain, Victoria C Yan, Angelo D'Alessandro, Florian L Muller, Audrey R Odom John

Open Access Publications

Glycolysis controls cellular energy, redox balance, and biosynthesis. Antiglycolytic therapies are under investigation for treatment of obesity, cancer, aging, autoimmunity, and microbial diseases. Interrupting glycolysis is highly valued as a therapeutic strategy, because glycolytic disruption is generally tolerated in mammals. Unfortunately, anemia is a known dose-limiting side effect of these inhibitors and presents a major caveat to development of antiglycolytic therapies. We developed specific inhibitors of enolase - a critical enzyme in glycolysis - and validated their metabolic and cellular effects on human erythrocytes. Enolase inhibition increases erythrocyte susceptibility to oxidative damage and induces rapid and premature erythrocyte senescence, rather …

Rotavirus Susceptibility Of Antibiotic-Treated Mice Ascribed To Diminished Expression Of Interleukin-22, Daniel Schnepf, Pedro Hernandez, Tanel Mahlakõiv, Stefania Crotta, Meagan E. Sullender, Stefan T. Peterson, Annette Ohnemus, Camille Michiels, Ian Gentle, Laure Dumoutier, Celso A. Reis, Andreas Diefenbach, Andreas Wack, Megan T. Baldridge, Peter Staeheli

Open Access Publications

The commensal microbiota regulates susceptibility to enteric pathogens by fine-tuning mucosal innate immune responses, but how susceptibility to enteric viruses is shaped by the microbiota remains incompletely understood. Past reports have indicated that commensal bacteria may either promote or repress rotavirus replication in the small intestine of mice. We now report that rotavirus replicated more efficiently in the intestines of germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice compared to animals with an unmodified microbiota. Antibiotic treatment also facilitated rotavirus replication in type I and type III interferon (IFN) receptor-deficient mice, revealing IFN-independent proviral effects. Expression of interleukin-22 (IL-22) was strongly diminished in the …

Clinical Characteristics And Outcomes Of Colorectal Cancer In The Colocare Study: Differences By Age Of Onset, Caroline Himbert, Matthew Mutch, Cory Bernadt, Deyali Chatterjee, Adetunji T Toriola, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Early-onset colorectal cancer has been on the rise in Western populations. Here, we compare patient characteristics between those with early- (<50 years) vs. late-onset (≥50 years) disease in a large multinational cohort of colorectal cancer patients (

Scalable Bio Marker Combinations For Early Stroke Diagnosis: A Systematic Review, Saiyet De La C Baez, Diana García Del Barco, Anette Hardy-Sosa, Gerardo Guillen Nieto, Maria Luisa Bringas-Vega, Jorge J Llibre-Guerra, Pedro Valdes-Sosa

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Pleiotropic Effects Between Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors And Measures Of Cognitive And Physical Function In Long‑Lived Adults, Julia J. Yudkovicz, Ryan L. Minster, Emma Barinas-Mitchell, Kaare Christensen, Mary Feitosa, Megan S. Barker, Anne B. Newman, Allison L. Kuipers

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Boosting And Lassoing New Prostate Cancer Snp Risk Factors And Their Connection To Selenium, David E. Booth, Venugopal Gopalakrishna-Remani, Matthew L. Cooper, Fiona R. Green, Margaret P. Rayman

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Change In Body Weight On Clinical Outcomes In Critically Ill Patients, Rajesh K. Mishra, Aparna Pande, Rashmi Ramachandran, Anjan Trikha, Preet M. Singh, Vimi Rewari

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

How Do Social Needs Cluster Among Low-Income Individuals?, Matthew W. Kreuter, Rachel Garg, Linda Li, Laura Mcnulty, Tess Thompson, Amy Mcqueen, Alina A. Luke

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Diagnosis Of Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: A Global “Consensus-2”, Lawrence B. Afrin, Leonard B. Weinstock, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Multicenter Analysis Of Geriatric Fitness And Real-World Outcomes In Older Patients With Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma, Victor M. Orellana-Noia, Mary-Kate Malecek, Nancy L. Bartlett, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Centering Inclusivity In The Design Of Online Conferences-An Ohbm-Open Science Perspective, Elizabeth Levitis, Janine D. Bijsterbosch, Et Al

Open Access Publications

As the global health crisis unfolded, many academic conferences moved online in 2020. This move has been hailed as a positive step towards inclusivity in its attenuation of economic, physical, and legal barriers and effectively enabled many individuals from groups that have traditionally been underrepresented to join and participate. A number of studies have outlined how moving online made it possible to gather a more global community and has increased opportunities for individuals with various constraints, e.g., caregiving responsibilities. Yet, the mere existence of online conferences is no guarantee that everyone can attend and participate meaningfully. In fact, many elements …

Maternal Fructose Diet-Induced Developmental Programming, Michael D Thompson, Brian J Debosch

Open Access Publications

Developmental programming of chronic diseases by perinatal exposures/events is the basic tenet of the developmental origins hypothesis of adult disease (DOHaD). With consumption of fructose becoming more common in the diet, the effect of fructose exposure during pregnancy and lactation is of increasing relevance. Human studies have identified a clear effect of fructose consumption on maternal health, but little is known of the direct or indirect effects on offspring. Animal models have been utilized to evaluate this concept and an association between maternal fructose and offspring chronic disease, including hypertension and metabolic syndrome. This review will address the mechanisms of …

Translating Family-Based Behavioral Treatment For Childhood Obesity Into A User-Friendly Digital Package For Delivery To Low-Income Families Through Primary Care Partnerships: The Mo-Cord Study, Lauren A. Fowler, Sarah E. Hampl, Meredith L. Dreyer Gillette, Amanda E. Staiano, Chelsea L. Kracht, Andrea K. Graham, Sherri Gabbert, Kelly Springstroh, Fanice Thomas, Lisa Nelson, Aubrie E. Hampp, Jordan A. Carlson, Robinson Welch, Denise E. Wilfley, The Mo-Cord Study Group

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Implementation Of A Scalable Family-Based Behavioral Treatment For Childhood Obesity Delivered Through Primary Care Clinics: Description Of The Missouri Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Study Protocol, Denise E. Wilfley, Lauren A. Fowler, Sarah E. Hampl, Meredith L. Dreyer Gillette, Amanda E. Staiano, Andrea K. Graham, Anne Claire Grammer, Lisa Nelson, Jordan A. Carlson, Derek S. Brown, Sherri Gabbert, Kelly Springstroh, Fanice Thomas, Melissa Ramel, Robinson Welch, William Johnson, The Mo-Cord Study Group

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Association Of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution With Kidney Transplant Outcomes, Su-Hsin Chang, Massini Merzkani, Haris Murad, Mei Wang, Benjamin Bowe, Krista L. Lentine, Ziyad Al-Aly, Tarek Alhamad

Open Access Publications

Importance: Increased levels of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution are associated with increased risks for detrimental health outcomes, but risks for patients with kidney transplants (KTs) remain unknown.

Objective: To investigate the association of PM2.5 exposure with KT outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data on patients who received KTs from 2004 to 2016 who were identified in the national US transplant registry and followed up through March 2021. Multiple databases were linked to obtain data on PM2.5 concentration, KT outcomes, and patient clinical, transplant, and contextual factors. Data were analyzed from …

Circulating Cd5l Is Associated With Cardiovascular Events And All-Cause Mortality In Individuals With Chronic Kidney Disease, Esmeralda Castelblanco, Maria R. Sarrias, Àngels Betriu, Berta Soldevila, Maria Barranco-Altirriba, Josep Franch-Nadal, Jose M. Valdivielso, Marcelino Bermudez-Lopez, Per-Henrik Groop, Elvira Fernández, Núria Alonso, Didac Mauricio

Open Access Publications

This study assessed the association of CD5L and soluble CD36 (sCD36) with the risk of a cardiovascular event (CVE), including CV death and all-cause mortality in CKD. We evaluated the association of CD5L and sCD36 with a predefined composite CV endpoint (unstable angina, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack, cerebrovascular accident, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, peripheral arterial disease [PAD] or amputation by PAD, aortic aneurysm, or death from CV causes) and all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for CV risk factors. The analysis included 1,516 participants free from pre-existing CV disease followed up for 4 years. The median age …

Comparison Of Methods To Estimate Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol In Patients With High Triglyceride Levels, Aparna Sajja, Anne Goldberg, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Importance: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is typically estimated with the Friedewald or Martin/Hopkins equation; however, if triglyceride levels are 400 mg/dL or greater, laboratories reflexively perform direct LDL-C (dLDL-C) measurement. The use of direct chemical LDL-C assays and estimation of LDL-C via the National Institutes of Health Sampson equation are not well validated, and data on the accuracy of LDL-C estimation at higher triglyceride levels are limited.

Objective: To compare an extended Martin/Hopkins equation for triglyceride values of 400 to 799 mg/dL with the Friedewald and Sampson equations.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study evaluated consecutive patients at clinical …

Comprehensive Assessment Of A Nationwide Simulation-Based Course For Artificial Life Support, Mateusz Puslecki, Ahmed S Said, Et Al

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Successful implementation of medical technologies applied in life-threatening conditions, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) requires appropriate preparation and training of medical personnel. The pandemic has accelerated the creation of new ECMO centers and has highlighted continuous training in adapting to new pandemic standards. To reach high standards of patients' care, we created the first of its kind, National Education Centre for Artificial Life Support (NEC-ALS) in 40 million inhabitants' country in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The role of the Center is to test and promote the novel or commonly used procedures as well as to develop staff …

The Kanyakla Study: Randomized Controlled Trial Of A Microclinic Social Network Intervention For Promoting Engagement And Retention In Hiv Care In Rural Western Kenya, Matthew D. Hickey, Elvin H. Geng, Et Al

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Existing social relationships are a potential source of "social capital" that can enhance support for sustained retention in HIV care. A previous pilot study of a social network-based 'microclinic' intervention, including group health education and facilitated HIV status disclosure, reduced disengagement from HIV care. We conducted a pragmatic randomized trial to evaluate microclinic effectiveness.

METHODS: In nine rural health facilities in western Kenya, we randomized HIV-positive adults with a recent missed clinic visit to either participation in a microclinic or usual care (NCT02474992). We collected visit data at all clinics where participants accessed care and evaluated intervention effect on …

Intestinal Goblet Cells Sample And Deliver Lumenal Antigens By Regulated Endocytic Uptake And Transcytosis, Jenny K. Gustafsson, Jazmyne E. Davis, Tracy Rappai, Keely G. Mcdonald, Devesha H. Kulkarni, Kathryn A. Knoop, Simon P. Hogan, James A.J. Fitzpatrick, Wayne I. Lencer, Rodney D. Newberry

Open Access Publications

Intestinal goblet cells maintain the protective epithelial barrier through mucus secretion and yet sample lumenal substances for immune processing through formation of goblet cell associated antigen passages (GAPs). The cellular biology of GAPs and how these divergent processes are balanced and regulated by goblet cells remains unknown. Using high-resolution light and electron microscopy, we found that in mice, GAPs were formed by an acetylcholine (ACh)-dependent endocytic event remarkable for delivery of fluid-phase cargo retrograde into the trans-golgi network and across the cell by transcytosis - in addition to the expected transport of fluid-phase cargo by endosomes to multi-vesicular bodies and …

A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Assessing The Effect Of Visbiome Es Probiotic In People With Hiv On Antiretroviral Therapy, Rachel M. Presti, Et Al

Open Access Publications

Background: A5350, a phase II, randomized, double-blind study, evaluated the safety and tolerability of the probiotic Visbiome Extra Strength (ES) over 24 weeks and measured effects on inflammation and intestinal barrier function.

Methods: The primary outcome was change in soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels; secondary outcomes included safety and tolerability, markers of inflammation and cellular activation, and microbiome. In a substudy, gut permeability was assessed by paired colonic biopsies measuring the area of lamina propria occupied by CD4+ cells, interleukin (IL)-17+ cells, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Changes between arms were compared with the 2-sample

Results: Overall, 93 participants enrolled: 86% male, median …