Digital Commons Network^™

Hdl Composition, Heart Failure, And Its Comorbidities, Ahmed Diab, Carla Valenzuela Ripoll, Zhen Guo, Ali Javaheri

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Although research on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has historically focused on atherosclerotic coronary disease, there exists untapped potential of HDL biology for the treatment of heart failure. Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial protective properties of HDL could impact heart failure pathogenesis. HDL-associated proteins such as apolipoprotein A-I and M may have significant therapeutic effects on the myocardium, in part by modulating signal transduction pathways and sphingosine-1-phosphate biology. Furthermore, because heart failure is a complex syndrome characterized by multiple comorbidities, there are complex interactions between heart failure, its comorbidities, and lipoprotein homeostatic mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the effects of heart …

Analysis Of Variation In Pre-Procedural Fasting Duration For Common Inpatient Gastrointestinal Procedures, Vorada Sakulsaengprapha, Michael Daniel, Jiarui Cai, Diego A. Martinez, Simon C. Mathews

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal procedures generally require pre-procedural fasting to optimize sedation safety. While the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) recommends no intake of clear liquids and solid food 2-4 and 6-8 hours respectively prior to endoscopic procedures, the actual nil per os (NPO) duration for these procedures in practice is unknown. Our objective was to analyze NPO duration for patients undergoing these procedures and to determine its association with clinical and administrative variables.

METHODS: Inpatient data from 2016-2018 for the three procedures was extracted from electronic medical records and administrative data at a single-center tertiary academic medical center. Various statistical tests …

Self-Esteem And Weight Status Of Young Adults: Findings From A Pilot Study, Echu Liu, Su-Hsin Chang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Researchers have examined the association between self-esteem and obesity in past studies. However, most studies have focused on pediatric or adolescent populations. In this pilot study, we aim to explore the association of self-esteem with weight status in young adults, a group of individuals in a significant and pivotal period of their lives whose needs and challenges have received little attention in previous studies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Exactly 127 college juniors and seniors in the Midwest participated in late 2017. For our survey, we collected the following information: body weight, height, self-esteem score from the state self-esteem scale, grade …

Rhamnose Is Superior To Mannitol As A Monosaccharide In The Dual Sugar Absorption Test: A Prospective Randomized Study In Children With Treatment-Naïve Celiac Disease, Lori R Holtz, Julie Hoffmann, Laura Linneman, Mai He, Thomas C Smyrk, Ta-Chiang Liu, Nurmohammad Shaikh, Cynthia Rodriguez, Roy B Dyer, Ravinder J Singh, William A Faubion

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND AND AIM: We sought to correlate two different measures of gut permeability [lactulose:mannitol (L:M) and lactulose:rhamnose (L:R)] to the severity of duodenal histopathology in children with and without elevated antibodies to tissue transglutaminase (tTG). A secondary objective was to correlate gut permeability with celiac disease (CD) serology and indices of inflammation and bacterial product translocation.

METHODS: We prospectively randomized children undergoing endoscopy with abnormal (

RESULTS: Of the 54 cases with positive celiac serology, 31 and 69% had modified Marsh 0/1 scores or ≥3a, respectively. Circulating tTG IgA correlated with the modified Marsh score (

CONCLUSIONS: L:R, but not …

Epithelial Abnormalities In The Small Intestine Of Zambian Children With Stunting, Chola Mulenga, Sanja Sviben, Kanta Chandwe, Beatrice Amadi, Violet Kayamba, James A J Fitzpatrick, Victor Mudenda, Paul Kelly

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Environmental enteropathy (EE) contributes to impaired linear growth (stunting), in millions of children worldwide. We have previously reported that confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) shows fluorescein leaking from blood to gut lumen

METHODS: We performed confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) in 75 children and collected intestinal biopsies for histology in 91 children. CLE videos were evaluated, employing the Watson score to determine severity of leakiness. Morphometry was carried out on well-orientated mucosa and 3 biopsies were examined by electron microscopy.

RESULTS: Confocal laser endomicroscopy demonstrated substantial leakage from circulation to gut lumen in 73 (97%) children. Histology consistently showed characteristic changes …

Loss Of Function Of Wfs1 Causes Er Stress-Mediated Inflammation In Pancreatic Β-Cells, Shuntaro Morikawa, Lindsey Blacher, Chinyere Onwumere, Fumihiko Urano

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Wolfram syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus, optic nerve atrophy, hearing loss, diabetes insipidus, and progressive neurodegeneration. Pathogenic variants in the

Bsl2-Compliant Lethal Mouse Model Of Sars-Cov-2 And Variants Of Concern To Evaluate Therapeutics Targeting The Spike Protein, Mohanraj Manangeeswaran, Derek D C Ireland, Seth G Thacker, Ha-Na Lee, Logan Kelley-Baker, Aaron P Lewkowicz, Paul W Rothlauf, Marjorie Cornejo Pontelli, Louis-Marie Bloyet, Michael A Eckhaus, Mirian I Mendoza, Sean Whelan, Daniela Verthelyi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Since first reported in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly acquiring mutations, particularly in the spike protein, that can modulate pathogenicity, transmission and antibody evasion leading to successive waves of COVID19 infections despite an unprecedented mass vaccination necessitating continuous adaptation of therapeutics. Small animal models can facilitate understanding host-pathogen interactions, target selection for therapeutic drugs, and vaccine development, but availability and cost of studies in BSL3 facilities hinder progress. To generate a BSL2-compatible

Genetics: Is Lada Just Late Onset Type 1 Diabetes?, M Hernández, Y Nóvoa-Medina, R Faner, E Palou, A Esquerda, E Castelblanco, A M Wägner, D Mauricio

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Background: There is a controversy regarding Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) classification and whether it should be considered a slowly progressing form of type 1 (T1) diabetes (DM) or a distinct type of DM altogether.

Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed major genes associated with T1DM (class II

Results: A total of 578 participants were included: 248 with T1DM (70 diagnosed after the age of 30), 256 with T2DM and 74 with LADA. High risk HLA alleles were significantly more frequent in LADA than in T2DM, whereas the opposite was true for protective alleles. We found a lower frequency of …

Inclusion Of Children With Disabilities In Qualitative Health Research: A Scoping Review, Janet Njelesani, Vongai Mlambo, Tsedenia Denekew, Jean Hunleth

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Children with disabilities have the right to participate in health research so their priorities, needs, and experiences are included. Health research based primarily on adult report risks misrepresenting children with disabilities and their needs, and contributes to exclusion and a lack of diversity in the experiences being captured. Prioritizing the participation of children with disabilities enhances the relevance, meaningfulness, and impact of research.

METHODS: A scoping review was conducted to critically examine the participation of children with disabilities in qualitative health research. The electronic databases PubMed, PsychInfo, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched. Inclusion criteria included qualitative health studies …

Modifications To Student Quarantine Policies In K-12 Schools Implementing Multiple Covid-19 Prevention Strategies Restores In-Person Education Without Increasing Sars-Cov-2 Transmission Risk, January-March 2021, Patrick Dawson, Sara Malone, Stephanie A. Fritz, Brock K. Montgomery, Mary Boyle, Brett Maricque, Albert M. Lai, Julie A. Neidich, Rachel C. Orscheln, Jason G Newland, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether modified K-12 student quarantine policies that allow some students to continue in-person education during their quarantine period increase schoolwide SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk following the increase in cases in winter 2020-2021.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of COVID-19 cases and close contacts among students and staff (n = 65,621) in 103 Missouri public schools. Participants were offered free, saliva-based RT-PCR testing. The projected number of school-based transmission events among untested close contacts was extrapolated from the percentage of events detected among tested asymptomatic close contacts and summed with the number of detected events for a …

Animal Source Foods, Rich In Essential Amino Acids, Are Important For Linear Growth And Development Of Young Children In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Panam Parikh, Richard Semba, Mark Manary, Sumathi Swaminathan, Emorn Udomkesmalee, Rolf Bos, Bee Koon Poh, Nipa Rojroongwasinkul, Jan Geurts, Rini Sekartini, Tran Thuy Nga

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Growth faltering under 5 years of age is unacceptably high worldwide, and even more children, while not stunted, fail to reach their growth potential. The time between conception and 2 years of age is critical for development. The period from 6 to 23 months, when complementary foods are introduced, coincides with a time when growth faltering and delayed neurocognitive developments are most common. Fortunately, this is also the period when diet exercises its greatest influence. Growing up in an adverse environment, with a deficient diet, as typically seen in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), hampers growth and development of children …

Increased Virus Dissemination Leads To Enhanced Lung Injury But Not Inflammation During Influenza-Associated Secondary Bacterial Infection, Amanda P Smith, Lindey C Lane, Ivan Ramirez Zuniga, David M Moquin, Peter Vogel, Amber M Smith

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Secondary bacterial infections increase influenza-related morbidity and mortality, particularly if acquired after 5-7 d from the viral onset. Synergistic host responses and direct pathogen-pathogen interactions are thought to lead to a state of hyperinflammation, but the kinetics of the lung pathology have not yet been detailed, and identifying the contribution of different mechanisms to disease is difficult because these may change over time. To address this gap, we examined host-pathogen and lung pathology dynamics following a secondary bacterial infection initiated at different time points after influenza within a murine model. We then used a mathematical approach to quantify the increased …

The 2021 Faseb Science Research Conference On Nad Metabolism And Signaling, Vera Gorbunova, Shin-Ichiro Imai, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Epigenetic Regulation Of Human T‐Cell Leukemia Virus Gene Expression, Lee Ratner

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Utility Of Using Electrocardiogram Measures Of Heart Rate Variability As A Measure Of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy In Type 1 Diabetes Patients, Rodica Pop-Busui, Jye-Yu C Backlund, Ionut Bebu, Barbara H Braffett, Gayle Lorenzi, Neil H White, John M Lachin, Elsayed Z Soliman, Dcct/Edic Research Group

Open Access Publications

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Cardiovascular reflex tests (CARTs) are the gold standard for the diagnosis of CAN, but might not be feasible in large research cohorts or in clinical care. We investigated whether measures of heart rate variability obtained from standard electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings provide a reliable measure of CAN.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standardized CARTs (R-R response to paced breathing, Valsalva, postural changes) and digitized 12-lead resting ECGs were obtained concomitantly in Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications participants (n = 311). Standard deviation of normally conducted …

One-Carbon Metabolism In Children With Marasmus And Kwashiorkor, Thaddaeus May, Bethany De La Haye, Gabrielle Nord, Kevin Klatt, Kevin Stephenson, Sara Adams, Lucy Bollinger, Neil Hanchard, Erland Arning, Teodoro Bottiglieri, Kenneth Maleta, Mark Manary, Farook Jahoor

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Kwashiorkor is a childhood syndrome of edematous malnutrition. Its precise nutritional precipitants remain uncertain despite nine decades of study. Remarkably, kwashiorkor's disturbances resemble the effects of experimental diets that are deficient in one-carbon nutrients. This similarity suggests that kwashiorkor may represent a nutritionally mediated syndrome of acute one-carbon metabolism dysfunction. Here we report findings from a cross-sectional exploration of serum one-carbon metabolites in Malawian children.

METHODS: Blood was collected from children aged 12-60 months before nutritional rehabilitation: kwashiorkor (N = 94), marasmic-kwashiorkor (N = 43) marasmus (N = 118), moderate acute malnutrition (N = 56) and controls (N = …

Association Of Body Mass Index In Midlife With Morbidity Burden In Older Adulthood And Longevity, Sadiya S. Khan, Amy E. Krefman, Lihui Zhao, Lei Liu, Anna Chorniy, Martha L. Daviglus, Cuiping Schiman, Kiang Liu, Tina Shih, Daniel Garside, Thanh-Huyen T. Vu, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Norrina B. Allen

Open Access Publications

Importance: Abundant evidence links obesity with adverse health consequences. However, controversies persist regarding whether overweight status compared with normal body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) is associated with longer survival and whether this occurs at the expense of greater long-term morbidity and health care expenditures.

Objective: To examine the association of BMI in midlife with morbidity burden, longevity, and health care expenditures in adults 65 years and older.

Design, Setting, and Participants: Prospective cohort study at the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry, with baseline in-person examination between November 1967 …

A Content Analysis Of 100 Qualitative Health Research Articles To Examine Researcher-Participant Relationships And Implications For Data Sharing, Jessica Mozersky, Annie Friedrich, James Dubois

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Diabetic Retinopathy As A Predictor Of Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality In Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes, Joan Barrot, Jordi Real, Bogdan Vlacho, Pedro Romero-Aroca, Rafael Simó, Didac Mauricio, Manel Mata-Cases, Esmeralda Castelblanco, Xavier Mundet-Tuduri, Josep Franch-Nadal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its stages with the incidence of major cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) persons in our large primary healthcare database from Catalonia (Spain). A retrospective cohort study with pseudo-anonymized routinely collected health data from SIDIAP was conducted from 2008 to 2016. We calculated incidence rates of major cardiovascular events [coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, or both-macrovascular events] and all-cause mortality for subjects with and without DR and for different stages of DR. The proportional hazards regression analysis was done to assess the …

Case Report: "Primary Immunodeficiency"-Severe Autoimmune Enteropathy In A Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipient Treated With Abatacept And Alemtuzumab, Elizaveta Kalaidina, Elizabeth C Utterson, Deepa Mokshagundam, Mai He, Shalini Shenoy, Megan A Cooper

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Disorders of immune dysregulation following heart transplantation in children have been reported; however, the management of such disorders remains uncertain and challenging. In this case report, we describe a clinical course of a child with severe autoimmune enteropathy after a heart transplant in infancy and detail a treatment approach with abatacept and alemtuzumab. A 21-month-old girl with a medical history of congenital dilated cardiomyopathy and heart transplantation at 2 months was evaluated for chronic hematochezia. The patient underwent an extensive workup, including endoscopic biopsy which showed crypt apoptosis, similar to that seen with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Results of her immune …

Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis: Safety And Effectiveness Of Combining Biologics And Small Molecules In Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Quazim A Alayo, Osama Altayar, Matthew A Ciorba, Deborah Thomas, Parakkal Deepak, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Combining biologics and small molecules could potentially overcome the plateau of drug efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the safety and effectiveness of dual biologic therapy (DBT), or small molecule combined with a biologic therapy (SBT) in IBD patients.

METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Clinical trials.gov until November 3, 2020, including studies with 2 or more IBD patients on DBT or SBT. Main outcome was safety assessed as pooled rates of adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs) for each …

Preeclampsia Is Associated With Reduced Isg15 Levels Impairing Extravillous Trophoblast Invasion, Asli Ozmen, Anthony O Odibo, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Among several interleukin (IL)-6 family members, only IL-6 and IL-11 require a gp130 protein homodimer for intracellular signaling due to lack of intracellular signaling domain in the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and IL-11R. We previously reported enhanced decidual IL-6 and IL-11 levels at the maternal-fetal interface with significantly higher peri-membranous IL-6 immunostaining in adjacent interstitial trophoblasts in preeclampsia (PE) vs. gestational age (GA)-matched controls. This led us to hypothesize that competitive binding of these cytokines to the gp130 impairs extravillous trophoblast (EVT) differentiation, proliferation and/or invasion. Using global microarray analysis, the current study identified inhibition of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (

Psychiatric Comorbidity And Psychosocial Stressors Among People Initiating Hiv Care In Cameroon, Angela M. Parcesepe, Lindsey M. Filiatreau, Peter Vanes Ebasone, Anastase Dzudie, Brian W. Pence, Milton Wainberg, Marcel Yotebieng, Kathryn Anastos, Eric Pefura-Yone, Denis Nsame, Rogers Ajeh, Denis Nash

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric comorbidity, the presence of two or more mental health disorders, has been associated with suboptimal HIV treatment outcomes. Little is known about the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity among people with HIV (PWH) in sub-Saharan Africa.

METHODS: We conducted interviews with PWH initiating HIV care in Cameroon between June 2019 and March 2020. Depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and harmful drinking were dichotomized to represent those with and without symptoms of each. Psychiatric comorbidity was defined as having symptoms of two or more disorders assessed. Moderate or severe household hunger, high anticipatory HIV-related stigma, low social support, and …

Reduced Expression In Preterm Birth Of Sflt-1 And Plgf With A High Sflt-1/Plgf Ratio In Extracellular Vesicles Suggests A Potential Biomarker, Sama Hussein, Weina Ju, Stephanie Pizzella, Michael Flory, Chu Chu, Yong Wang, Nanbert Zhong

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Preterm birth may have a pathological impact on intrauterine development of the fetal brain, resulting in developmental disabilities. In this study, we examine the expression of soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF), which is one of the vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), as these play a key role in angiogenesis; in particular, we examine their effect on the sFLT-1/PlGF ratio in cases of preterm birth as compared to typical pregnancies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed on samples of maternal-derived plasma and extracellular vesicles-exosomes (EVs-EXs) isolated at the third trimester, consisting of 17 samples from cases …

Child Dietary Patterns In Homo Sapiens Evolution: A Systematic Review, Lora L Iannotti, Emmanuel A Gyimah, Miranda Reid, Melissa Chapnick, Mary Kate Cartmill, Chessa K Lutter, Charles Hilton, Theresa E Gildner, Elizabeth A Quinn

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Dietary patterns spanning millennia could inform contemporary public health nutrition. Children are largely absent from evidence describing diets throughout human evolution, despite prevalent malnutrition today signaling a potential genome-environment divergence. This systematic review aimed to identify dietary patterns of children ages 6 months to 10 years consumed before the widespread adoption of agriculture. Metrics of mention frequency (counts of food types reported) and food groups (globally standardized categories) were applied to: compare diets across subsistence modes [gatherer-hunter-fisher (GHF), early agriculture (EA) groups]; examine diet quality and diversity; and characterize differences by life course phase and environmental context defined using Köppen-Geiger …

Functional And Phylogenetic Characterization Of Bacteria In Bovine Rumen Using Fractionation Of Ruminal Fluid, Ruth Hernández, Maryam Chaib De Mares, Hugo Jimenez, Alejandro Reyes, Alejandro Caro-Quintero

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cattle productivity depends on our ability to fully understand and manipulate the fermentation process of plant material that occurs in the bovine rumen, which ultimately leads to the improvement of animal health and increased productivity with a reduction in environmental impact. An essential step in this direction is the phylogenetic and functional characterization of the microbial species composing the ruminal microbiota. To address this challenge, we separated a ruminal fluid sample by size and density using a sucrose density gradient. We used the full sample and the smallest fraction (5%), allowing the enrichment of bacteria, to assemble metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). …

Barriers And Facilitators To Diabetes Screening And Prevention After A Pregnancy Complicated By Gestational Diabetes, Drishti D. Sinha, Roxann C. Williams, Laura N. Hollar, Hannah R. Lucas, Bethany Johnson-Javois, Heidi B. Miller, Amanda Stoermer, Graham A. Colditz, Aimee S. James, Cynthia J. Herrick

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing in the United States, with higher rates among minoritized racial and ethnic populations and lower income populations. GDM increases risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and postpartum diabetes screening and prevention are imperative. This qualitative study examines barriers and facilitators to postpartum T2DM screening and prevention among non-privately insured individuals with a history of GDM in a state prior to Medicaid expansion.

METHODS: Thirty-six non-privately insured women with a history of GDM completed semi-structured interviews. Four focus groups and seven interviews were conducted with 30 nurse practitioners, physicians, physician assistants, nurses and registered …

Cardiac Immune Cell Infiltration Associates With Abnormal Lipid Metabolism, Vincenza Cifarelli, Ondrej Kuda, Kui Yang, Xinping Liu, Richard W Gross, Terri A Pietka, Gyu Seong Heo, Deborah Sultan, Hannah Luehmann, Josie Lesser, Morgan Ross, Ira J Goldberg, Robert J Gropler, Yongjian Liu, Nada A Abumrad

2020-Current year OA Pubs

CD36 mediates the uptake of long-chain fatty acids (FAs), a major energy substrate for the myocardium. Under excessive FA supply, CD36 can cause cardiac lipid accumulation and inflammation while its deletion reduces heart FA uptake and lipid content and increases glucose utilization. As a result, CD36 was proposed as a therapeutic target for obesity-associated heart disease. However, more recent reports have shown that CD36 deficiency suppresses myocardial flexibility in fuel preference between glucose and FAs, impairing tissue energy balance, while CD36 absence in tissue macrophages reduces efferocytosis and myocardial repair after injury. In line with the latter homeostatic functions, we …

Understanding The Contribution Of Metabolism To Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Drug Tolerance, Amanda N Samuels, Erin R Wang, Gregory A Harrison, Joy C Valenta, Christina L Stallings

2020-Current year OA Pubs

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Deep Profiling Of Multiple Ischemic Lesions In A Large, Multi-Center Cohort: Frequency, Spatial Distribution, And Associations To Clinical Characteristics, Anna K Bonkhoff, Laura Heitsch, Chia-Ling Phuah, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND PURPOSE: A substantial number of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) experience multiple acute lesions (MAL). We here aimed to scrutinize MAL in a large radiologically deep-phenotyped cohort.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analyses relied upon imaging and clinical data from the international MRI-GENIE study. Imaging data comprised both Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) for white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden estimation and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences for the assessment of acute stroke lesions. The initial step featured the systematic evaluation of occurrences of MAL within one and several vascular supply territories. Associations between MAL and important imaging and clinical characteristics were subsequently …