Digital Commons Network^™

A Herpesvirus Encoded Qa-1 Mimic Inhibits Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity Through Cd94/Nkg2a Receptor Engagement, Xiaoli Wang, Sytse J. Piersma, Christopher A. Nelson, Ya-Nan Dai, Ted Christensen, Eric Lazear, Liping Yang, Marjolein Sluijter, Thorbald Van Hall, Ted H. Hansen, Wayne M. Yokoyama, Daved H. Fremont

Open Access Publications

A recurrent theme in viral immune evasion is the sabotage of MHC-I antigen presentation, which brings virus the concomitant issue of 'missing-self' recognition by NK cells that use inhibitory receptors to detect surface MHC-I proteins. Here, we report that rodent herpesvirus Peru (RHVP) encodes a Qa-1 like protein (pQa-1) via RNA splicing to counteract NK activation. While pQa-1 surface expression is stabilized by the same canonical peptides presented by murine Qa-1, pQa-1 is GPI-anchored and resistant to the activity of RHVP pK3, a ubiquitin ligase that targets MHC-I for degradation. pQa-1 tetramer staining indicates that it recognizes CD94/NKG2A receptors. Consistently, …

Infectious Complications After Deployment Trauma: Following Wounded Us Military Personnel Into Veterans Affairs Care, Jay R Mcdonald, Stephen Y Liang, Ping Li, Salwa Maalouf, Clinton K Murray, Amy C Weintrob, Elizabeth R Schnaubelt, Janis Kuhn, Anuradha Ganesan, William Bradley, David R Tribble, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program Trauma Infectious Disease Outcomes Study Group

2010-2019 OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Infectious complications related to deployment trauma significantly contribute to the morbidity and mortality of wounded service members. The Trauma Infectious Disease Outcomes Study (TIDOS) collects data on US military personnel injured in Iraq and Afghanistan in an observational cohort study of infectious complications. Patients enrolled in TIDOS may also consent to follow-up through the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). We present data from the first 337 TIDOS enrollees to receive VA healthcare.

METHODS: Data were collected from the Department of Defense (DoD) Trauma Registry, TIDOS infectious disease module, DoD and VA electronic medical records, and telephone interview. Cox proportional …

Haptoglobin Improves Shock, Lung Injury, And Survival In Canine Pneumonia, Kenneth E. Remy, Irene Cortés-Puch, Steven B. Solomon, Junfeng Sun, Benjamin M. Pockros, Jing Feng, Juan J. Lertora, Roy R. Hantgan, Xiaohua Liu, Andreas Perlegas, H. Shaw Warren, Mark T. Gladwin, Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro, Harvey G. Klein, Charles Natanson

Open Access Publications

During the last half-century, numerous antiinflammatory agents were tested in dozens of clinical trials and have proven ineffective for treating septic shock. The observation in multiple studies that cell-free hemoglobin (CFH) levels are elevated during clinical sepsis and that the degree of increase correlates with higher mortality suggests an alternative approach. Human haptoglobin binds CFH with high affinity and, therefore, can potentially reduce iron availability and oxidative activity. CFH levels are elevated over approximately 24-48 hours in our antibiotic-treated canine model of S. aureus pneumonia that simulates the cardiovascular abnormalities of human septic shock. In this 96-hour model, resuscitative treatments, …

Development And Implementation Of A Mobile Device-Based Pediatric Electronic Decision Support Tool As Part Of A National Practice Standardization Project, Russell J Mcculloh, Sarah D Fouquet, Joshua Herigon, Eric A Biondi, Brandan Kennedy, Ellen Kerns, Adrienne Deporre, Jessica L Markham, Y Raymond Chan, Krista Nelson, Jason G Newland

2010-2019 OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Implementing evidence-based practices requires a multi-faceted approach. Electronic clinical decision support (ECDS) tools may encourage evidence-based practice adoption. However, data regarding the role of mobile ECDS tools in pediatrics is scant. Our objective is to describe the development, distribution, and usage patterns of a smartphone-based ECDS tool within a national practice standardization project.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed a smartphone-based ECDS tool for use in the American Academy of Pediatrics, Value in Inpatient Pediatrics Network project entitled "Reducing Excessive Variation in the Infant Sepsis Evaluation (REVISE)." The mobile application (app), PedsGuide, was developed using evidence-based recommendations created by an …

Letting Go: Conceptualizing Intervention De-Implementation In Public Health And Social Service Settings, Virginia R Mckay, Alexandra B Morshed, Ross C Brownson, Enola K Proctor, Beth Prusaczyk

Open Access Publications

The discontinuation of interventions that should be stopped, or de-implementation, has emerged as a novel line of inquiry within dissemination and implementation science. As this area grows in human services research, like public health and social work, theory is needed to help guide scientific endeavors. Given the infancy of de-implementation, this conceptual narrative provides a definition and criteria for determining if an intervention should be de-implemented. We identify three criteria for identifying interventions appropriate for de-implementation: (a) interventions that are not effective or harmful, (b) interventions that are not the most effective or efficient to provide, and (c) interventions that …

Bjc Today

BJC Today

No abstract provided.

Bezlotoxumab For Prevention Of Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection In Patients At Increased Risk For Recurrence, Dale N. Gerding, Ciaran P. Kelly, Galia Rahav, Christine Lee, Erik R. Dubberke, Princy N. Kumar, Bruce Yacyshyn, Dina Kao, Karen Eves, Misoo C. Ellison, Mary E. Hanson, Dalya Guris, Mary Beth Dorr

Open Access Publications

Background: Bezlotoxumab is a human monoclonal antibody against Clostridium difficile toxin B indicated to prevent C. difficile infection (CDI) recurrence (rCDI) in adults at high risk for rCDI. This post hoc analysis of pooled monocolonal antibodies for C.difficile therapy (MODIFY) I/II data assessed bezlotoxumab efficacy in participants with characteristics associated with increased risk for rCDI.

Methods: The analysis population was the modified intent-to-treat population who received bezlotoxumab or placebo (n = 1554) by risk factors for rCDI that were prespecified in the statistical analysis plan: age ≥65 years, history of CDI, compromised immunity, severe CDI, and ribotype 027/078/244. The proportion …

International Volunteerism And Urethral Stricture Disease: A Review, Jason K. Frankel, Gregory P. Murphy

Open Access Publications

Global health is an ever-expanding area of interest for many healthcare workers around the world. In recent years, it has become apparent that much of the global disease burden is surgical. Urologic disease is no exception-many international organizations send volunteers around the world to support Urologic services in countries that lack capacity and resources. Urethral stricture represents a unique opportunity for specialized surgical management that vastly improves long term morbidity. Here we review the prevalence, etiology, and management of urethral stricture from a global perspective while highlighting impact of international urologic volunteer efforts.

Association Of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement For Venous Thromboembolic Disease And A Contraindication To Anticoagulation With 30-Day Mortality, Tyson E. Turner, Mohammed J. Saeed, Eric Novak, David L. Brown

Open Access Publications

Importance: Despite the absence of data from randomized clinical trials, professional societies recommend inferior vena cava (IVC) filters for patients with venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) and a contraindication to anticoagulation therapy. Prior observational studies of IVC filters have suggested a mortality benefit associated with IVC filter insertion but have often failed to adjust for immortal time bias, which is the time before IVC filter insertion, during which death can only occur in the control group.

Objective: To determine the association of IVC filter placement with 30-day mortality after adjustment for immortal time bias.

Design, Setting, and Participants: This comparative effectiveness, …

Decreasing Recurrent Bowel Obstructions, Improving Quality Of Life With Physiotherapy: Controlled Study, Amanda D Rice, Kimberley Patterson, Evette D Reed, Belinda F Wurn, Kristen Robles, Bernhard Klingenberg, Leonard B Weinstock, Janey S. A. Pratt, C. Richard King Iii, Lawrence J Wurn

Open Access Publications

AIM: To compare (1) quality of life and (2) rate of recurrent small bowel obstructions (SBO) for patients treated with novel manual physiotherapy

METHODS: One hundred and three subjects (age 19-89) with a history of recurrent adhesive SBO were treated with a manual physiotherapy called the Clear Passage Approach (CPA) which focused on decreasing adhesive crosslinking in abdominopelvic viscera. Pre- and post-therapy data measured recurring obstructions and quality of life, using a validated test sent 90 d after therapy. Results were compared to 136 untreated control subjects who underwent the same measurements for subjects who did not receive any therapy, …

Opportunities For Epidemiologists In Implementation Science: A Primer, Gila Neta, Ross C Brownson, David A Chambers

2010-2019 OA Pubs

The field of epidemiology has been defined as the study of the spread and control of disease. However, epidemiology frequently focuses on studies of etiology and distribution of disease at the cost of understanding the best ways to control disease. Moreover, only a small fraction of scientific discoveries are translated into public health practice, and the process from discovery to translation is exceedingly slow. Given the importance of translational science, the future of epidemiologic training should include competency in implementation science, whose goal is to rapidly move evidence into practice. Our purpose in this paper is to provide epidemiologists with …

Prevalence, Incidence, And Clearance Of Anal High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Hiv-Infected Men In The Sun Study, Pragna Patel, Tim Bush, Erna Milunka Kojic, Lois Conley, Elizabeth R Unger, Teresa M Darragh, Keith Henry, John Hammer, Gerome Escota, Joel M Palefsky, John T Brooks

2010-2019 OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The natural history of anal human papilloma virus (HPV) infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men is unknown.

METHODS: Annually, from 2004 to 2012, we examined baseline prevalence, incidence, and clearance of anal HPV infection at 48 months, and associated factors among HIV-infected men.

RESULTS: We examined 403 men who have sex with men (MSM) and 96 men who have sex with women (MSW) (median age 42 years for both, 78% versus 81% prescribed cART, median CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell count 454 versus 379 cells/mm3, and 74% versus 75% had undetectable viral load, respectively). Type 16 prevalence among MSM and …

A Systematic, Intensive Statistical Investigation Of Data From The Comprehensive Analysis Of Reported Drugs (Card) For Compliance And Illicit Opioid Abstinence In Substance Addiction Treatment With Buprenorphine/Naloxone, Kenneth Blum, David Han, Edward J Modestino, Scott Saunders, A Kennison Roy 3rd, W Jacobs, Darryl S Inaba, David Baron, Marlene Oscar-Berman, Mary Hauser, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, David E Smith, John Femino, Mark S Gold

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Buprenorphine and naloxone (bup/nal), a combination partial mu receptor agonist and low-dose delta mu antagonist, is presently recommended and used to treat opioid-use disorder. However, a literature review revealed a paucity of research involving data from urine drug tests that looked at compliance and abstinence in one sample.

METHOD: Statistical analysis of data from the Comprehensive Analysis of Reported Drugs (CARD) was used to assess compliance and abstinence during treatment in a large cohort of bup/nal patients attending chemical-dependency programs from eastern USA in 2010 and 2011.

RESULTS: Part 1: Bup/nal was present in 93.4% of first (n = …

Netprophet 2.0: Mapping Transcription Factor Networks By Exploiting Scalable Data Resources, Yiming Kang, Hien-Haw Liow, Ezekiel J Maier, Michael R Brent

2010-2019 OA Pubs

MOTIVATION: Cells process information, in part, through transcription factor (TF) networks, which control the rates at which individual genes produce their products. A TF network map is a graph that indicates which TFs bind and directly regulate each gene. Previous work has described network mapping algorithms that rely exclusively on gene expression data and 'integrative' algorithms that exploit a wide range of data sources including chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) of many TFs, genome-wide chromatin marks, and binding specificities for many TFs determined in vitro. However, such resources are available only for a few major model systems and cannot be easily …

Washington University Magazine, Fall/Winter 2018-2019

Washington University Magazine

No abstract provided.

Missed Opportunities To Prescribe Hiv Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis By Primary Care Providers In Saint Louis, Missouri, Rupa R. Patel, Philip A. Chan, Laura C. Harrison, Kenneth H. Mayer, Amy Nunn, Leandro A. Mena, William G. Powderly

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Protocol For A Randomised Trial Of Higher Versus Lower Intensity Patient–Provider Communication Interventions To Reduce Antibiotic Misuse In Two Paediatric Ambulatory Clinics In The Usa, Kathy Goggin, Andrea Bradley-Ewing, Angela L. Myers, Brian R. Lee, Emily A. Hurley, Kirsten B. Delay, Sarah Schlachter, Areli Ramphal, Kimberly Pina, David Yu, Kirsten Weltmer, Sebastian Linnemayr, Christopher C. Butler, Jason G. Newland

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Sex Venue-Based Network Analysis To Identify Hiv Prevention Dissemination Targets For Men Who Have Sex With Men, Rupa R. Patel, Douglas A. Luke, Enola K. Proctor, William G. Powderly, Philip A. Chan, Kenneth H. Mayer, Laura C. Harrison, Amar Dhand

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Minimal Information For Studies Of Extracellular Vesicles 2018 (Misev2018): A Position Statement Of The International Society For Extracellular Vesicles And Update Of The Misev2014 Guidelines, Philip D. Stahl, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Subclinical Infection Of Macaques And Baboons With A Baboon Simarterivirus, Connor R. Buechler, Matthew Semler, David A. Baker, Christina Newman, Joseph P. Cornish, Deborah Chavez, Bernadette Guerra, Robert Lanford, Kathy Brasky, Jens H. Kuhn, Reed F. Johnson, David H. O'Connor, Adam L. Bailey

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Toward Optimal Implementation Of Cancer Prevention And Control Programs In Public Health: A Study Protocol On Mis-Implementation, Margaret Padek, Peg Allen, Paul C. Erwin, Melissa Franco, Ross A. Hammond, Benjamin Heuberger, Matt Kasman, Doug A. Luke, Stephanie Mazzucca, Sarah Moreland-Russell, Ross C. Brownson

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Comparing Knowledge, Accessibility, And Use Of Evidence-Based Chronic Disease Prevention Processes Across Four Countries, Anna J. Deruyter, Xiangji Ying, Elizabeth L. Budd, Karishma Furtado, Rodrigo Reis, Zhaoxin Wang, Pauline Sung-Chan, Rebecca Armstrong, Tahna Pettman, Leonardo Becker, Tabitha Mui, Jianwei Shi, Tahnee Saunders, Ross C. Brownson

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Microneedle Interventional Therapy Combined With Cervical Spine Manipulation For Cervicogenic Dizziness, Qi Xie, Xin Duan, Yihua Shi, Xiaoyu Lv, Yuqing Wang, Yan Tao, Lijun Zhong, Jianfeng Sun, Huiyan Lei, Qingshui Yin, Junfeng Duan

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of Cellular Immune Responses In Thai Individuals With And Without Hiv-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders, Tanate Jadwattanakul

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Bpifa1 In Upper Airway Microbial Infections And Correlated Diseases, Yung-An Tsou, Min-Che Tung, Katherine A. Alexander, Wen-Dien Chang, Ming-Hsui Tsai, Hsiao-Ling Chen, Chuan-Mu Chen

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

An Accord Of Nuclear Receptor Expression In M. Tuberculosis Infected Macrophages And Dendritic Cells, Ankita Saini, Sahil Mahajan, Nancy Ahuja, Ella Bhagyaraj, Rashi Kalra, Ashok Kumar Janmeja, Pawan Gupta

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

The Brief Case: Staphylococcus Intermedius Group—Look What The Dog Dragged In, William Lainhart, Melanie L. Yarbrough, Carey-Ann D. Burnham

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

A Knock-In Tristetraprolin (Ttp) Zinc Finger Point Mutation In Mice: Comparison With Complete Ttp Deficiency, Wi S. Lai, Deborah J. Stumpo, Lianqun Qiu, Roberta Faccio, Perry J. Blackshear

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Frequency Of Instrument, Environment, And Laboratory Technologist Contamination During Routine Diagnostic Testing Of Infectious Specimens, Melanie L. Yarbrough, Jennie H. Kwon, Meghan A. Wallace, Tiffany Hink, Angela Shupe, Victoria J. Fraser, Erik R. Dubberke, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Cdc Prevention Epicenters Program

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Procalcitonin In The Diagnosis Of Meningitis: A Literature Review, Dimitrios Velissaris, Martina Pintea, Nikolaos Pantzaris, Eirini Spatha, Vassilios Karamouzos, Charalampos Pierrakos, Menelaos Karanikolas

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.