Digital Commons Network^™

Metagenomic Analysis Of Dna Viruses With Targeted Sequence Capture Of Canine Lobular Orbital Adenomas And Normal Conjunctiva, Elizabeth A F Schaefer, Shirley Chu, Kristine M Wylie, Todd N Wylie, Obi L Griffith, Jacqueline W Pearce, Gayle C Johnson, Jeffrey N Bryan, Brian K Flesner

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Our study aims are: (1) to evaluate phenotypically normal canine conjunctival and orbital tissue and tissue from canine lobular orbital adenomas (CLOAs) for the presence of viral genomic material and (2) phylogenetically classify detected DNA viruses to determine if a DNA virus is associated with CLOAs. A total of 31 formalin fixed paraffin embedded CLOA tissue samples, 4 papillomas or sarcoid, and 10 fresh clinically normal conjunctival tissues were included in this study. Genomic DNA was isolated from all samples and sequencing libraries were prepared. The libraries were molecularly indexed and pooled and viral DNA was enriched via targeted sequence …

Eliciting Opinions On Health Messaging During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Survey Study, Sienna Ruiz, Uzoma Charles Okere, Michelle Eggers, Catina O'Leary, Mary Politi, Fei Wan, Ashley J Housten

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Effective public health messaging has been necessary throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, but stakeholders have struggled to communicate critical information to the public, especially in different types of locations such as urban and rural areas.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify opportunities to improve COVID-19 messages for community distribution in rural and urban settings and to summarize the findings to inform future messaging.

METHODS: We purposively sampled by region (urban or rural) and participant type (general public or health care professional) to survey participants about their opinions on 4 COVID-19 health messages. We designed open-ended survey questions and analyzed the …

3d Printing Exposure And Perception In Radiology Residency: Survey Results Of Radiology Chief Residents, David Chen, Aravinda Ganapathy, Nihil Abraham, Kaitlin M Marquis, Grace L Bishop, Frank J Rybicki, Mark J Hoegger, David H Ballard

2020-Current year OA Pubs

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to summarize a survey of radiology chief residents focused on 3D printing in radiology.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online survey was distributed to chief residents in North American radiology residencies by subgroups of the Association of University Radiologists. The survey included a subset of questions focused on the clinical use of 3D printing and perceptions of the role of 3D printing and radiology. Respondents were asked to define the role of 3D printing at their institution and asked about the potential role of clinical 3D printing in radiology and radiology residencies. …

Cueing Natural Event Boundaries Improves Memory In People With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Barbara L Pitts, Michelle L Eisenberg, Heather R Bailey, Jeffrey M Zacks

2020-Current year OA Pubs

People with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often report difficulty remembering information in their everyday lives. Recent findings suggest that such difficulties may be due to PTSD-related deficits in parsing ongoing activity into discrete events, a process called event segmentation. Here, we investigated the causal relationship between event segmentation and memory by cueing event boundaries and evaluating its effect on subsequent memory in people with PTSD. People with PTSD (n = 38) and trauma-matched controls (n = 36) watched and remembered videos of everyday activities that were either unedited, contained visual and auditory cues at event boundaries, or contained visual and …

Large Multi-Ethnic Genetic Analyses Of Amyloid Imaging Identify New Genes For Alzheimer Disease, Muhammad Ali, Priyanka Gorijala, Daniel Western, Jigyasha Timsina, Maria V Fernández, Gengsheng Chen, Brian Gordon, Tammie L S Benzinger, Chengjie Xiong, John C Morris, Randall J Bateman, Celeste M Karch, Eric Mcdade, Yun Ju Sung, Carlos Cruchaga, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Amyloid PET imaging has been crucial for detecting the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits in the brain and to study Alzheimer's disease (AD). We performed a genome-wide association study on the largest collection of amyloid imaging data (N = 13,409) to date, across multiple ethnicities from multicenter cohorts to identify variants associated with brain amyloidosis and AD risk. We found a strong APOE signal on chr19q.13.32 (top SNP: APOE ɛ4; rs429358; β = 0.35, SE = 0.01, P = 6.2 × 10

Inulin Diet Uncovers Complex Diet-Microbiota-Immune Cell Interactions Remodeling The Gut Epithelium, Renan Oliveira Corrêa, José Luís Fachi, Marco Colonna, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The continuous proliferation of intestinal stem cells followed by their tightly regulated differentiation to epithelial cells is essential for the maintenance of the gut epithelial barrier and its functions. How these processes are tuned by diet and gut microbiome is an important, but poorly understood question. Dietary soluble fibers, such as inulin, are known for their ability to impact the gut bacterial community and gut epithelium, and their consumption has been usually associated with health improvement in mice and humans. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that inulin consumption modifies the composition of colonic bacteria and this impacts …

Mrgpra3-Expressing Pruriceptors Drive Pruritogen-Induced Alloknesis Through Mechanosensitive Piezo2 Channel, Ping Lu, Yonghui Zhao, Zili Xie, Huan Zhou, Xinzhong Dong, Gregory F Wu, Brian S Kim, Jing Feng, Hongzhen Hu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Although touch and itch are coded by distinct neuronal populations, light touch also provokes itch in the presence of exogenous pruritogens, resulting in a phenomenon called alloknesis. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation of pruritogen-induced mechanical itch sensitization are poorly understood. Here, we show that intradermal injections of histamine or chloroquine (CQ) provoke alloknesis through activation of TRPV1- and MrgprA3-expressing prurioceptors, and functional ablation of these neurons reverses pruritogen-induced alloknesis. Moreover, genetic ablation of mechanosensitive Piezo2 channel function from MrgprA3-expressing prurioceptors also dampens pruritogen-induced alloknesis. Mechanistically, histamine and CQ sensitize Piezo2 channel function, at least in part, …

Nk Cell-Derived Extracellular Granzyme B Drives Epithelial Ulceration During Hsv-2 Genital Infection, Ying Shiang Lim, Aisha G Lee, Xiaoping Jiang, Jason M Scott, Adjoa Cofie, Sandeep Kumar, Dania Kennedy, David J Granville, Haina Shin

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Genital herpes is characterized by recurrent episodes of epithelial blistering. The mechanisms causing this pathology are ill defined. Using a mouse model of vaginal herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection, we show that interleukin-18 (IL-18) acts upon natural killer (NK) cells to promote accumulation of the serine protease granzyme B in the vagina, coinciding with vaginal epithelial ulceration. Genetic loss of granzyme B or therapeutic inhibition by a specific protease inhibitor reduces disease and restores epithelial integrity without altering viral control. Distinct effects of granzyme B and perforin deficiency on pathology indicates that granzyme B acts independent of its classic …

Site-1 Protease Inhibits Mitochondrial Respiration By Controlling The Tgf-Β Target Gene Mss51, Muhammad G Mousa, Lahari Vuppaladhadiam, Meredith O Kelly, Terri Pietka, Shelby Ek, Karen C Shen, Gretchen A Meyer, Brian N Finck, Rita T Brookheart

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The mitochondrial response to changes in cellular energy demand is necessary for cellular adaptation and organ function. Many genes are essential in orchestrating this response, including the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 target gene Mss51, an inhibitor of skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration. Although Mss51 is implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity and musculoskeletal disease, how Mss51 is regulated is not entirely understood. Site-1 protease (S1P) is a key activator of several transcription factors required for cellular adaptation. However, the role of S1P in muscle is unknown. Here, we identify S1P as a negative regulator of muscle mass and mitochondrial respiration. S1P …

Transcriptomic Atlas And Interaction Networks Of Brain Cells In Mouse Cns Demyelination And Remyelination, Jinchao Hou, Yingyue Zhou, Zhangying Cai, Marina Terekhova, Amanda Swain, Prabhakar S Andhey, Rafaela M Guimaraes, Alina Ulezko Antonova, Tian Qiu, Sanja Sviben, Gregory Strout, James A J Fitzpatrick, Yun Chen, Susan Gilfillan, Do-Hyun Kim, Steven J Van Dyken, Maxim N Artyomov, Marco Colonna

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Demyelination is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis, leukoencephalopathies, cerebral vasculopathies, and several neurodegenerative diseases. The cuprizone mouse model is widely used to simulate demyelination and remyelination occurring in these diseases. Here, we present a high-resolution single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) analysis of gene expression changes across all brain cells in this model. We define demyelination-associated oligodendrocytes (DOLs) and remyelination-associated MAFB

Molnupiravir And Risk Of Post-Acute Sequelae Of Covid-19: Cohort Study, Yan Xie, Taeyoung Choi, Ziyad Al-Aly

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether treatment with the antiviral agent molnupiravir during the first five days of SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with reduced risk of post-acute adverse health outcomes.

DESIGN: Cohort study.

SETTING: US Department of Veterans Affairs.

PARTICIPANTS: 229 286 participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between 5 January 2022 and 15 January 2023, had at least one risk factor for progression to severe covid-19, and survived the first 30 days after testing positive were enrolled. 11 472 participants received a prescription for molnupiravir within five days of the positive test result and 217 814 received no covid-19 antiviral or …

Activation Of The Plasmodium Egress Effector Subtilisin-Like Protease 1 Is Mediated By Plasmepsin X Destruction Of The Prodomain, Sumit Mukherjee, Armiyaw S. Nasamu, Kelly C. Rubiano, Daniel E. Goldberg

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Following each round of replication, daughter merozoites of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum escape (egress) from the infected host red blood cell (RBC) by rupturing the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) and the RBC membrane (RBCM). A proteolytic cascade orchestrated by a parasite serine protease, subtilisin-like protease 1 (SUB1), regulates the membrane breakdown. SUB1 activation involves primary autoprocessing of the 82-kDa zymogen to a 54-kDa (p54) intermediate that remains bound to its inhibitory propiece (p31) postcleavage. A second processing step converts p54 to the terminal 47-kDa (p47) form of SUB1. Although the aspartic protease plasmepsin X (PM X) has been implicated …

Valoctocogene Roxaparvovec Gene Transfer In Participants With Hiv, Margaret V Ragni, Elaine Majerus, Sylvia Fong, Bridget Yates, Stephen Scheeler, Lisa Razon, Hua Yu, Divya B Reddy, Tara M Robinson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Microfluidic Device Facilitates In Vitro Modeling Of Human Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis-On-A-Chip, Wyatt E. Lanik, Cliff J. Luke, Lila S. Nolan, Qingqing Gong, Lauren C. Frazer, Jamie M. Rimer, Sarah E. Gale, Raymond Luc, Shay S. Bidani, Carrie A. Sibbald, Angela N. Lewis, Belgacem Mihi, Pranjal Agrawal, Martin Goree, Marlie Maestas, Elise Hu, David F. Peters, Misty Good

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a deadly gastrointestinal disease of premature infants that is associated with an exaggerated inflammatory response, dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, decreased epithelial cell proliferation, and gut barrier disruption. We describe an in vitro model of the human neonatal small intestinal epithelium (Neonatal-Intestine-on-a-Chip) that mimics key features of intestinal physiology. This model utilizes intestinal enteroids grown from surgically harvested intestinal tissue from premature infants and cocultured with human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells within a microfluidic device. We used our Neonatal-Intestine-on-a-Chip to recapitulate NEC pathophysiology by adding infant-derived microbiota. This model, named NEC-on-a-Chip, simulates the predominant features of …

Direct Selection Of Dna-Encoded Libraries For Biased Agonists Of Gpcrs On Live Cells, Bo Cai, Amal El Daibani, Yuntian Bai, Tao Che, Casey J Krusemark

2020-Current year OA Pubs

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest superfamily of human membrane target proteins for approved drugs. GPCR ligands can have a complex array of pharmacological activities. Among these activities, biased agonists have potential to serve as both chemical probes to understand specific aspects of receptor signaling and therapeutic leads with more specific, desired activity. Challenges exist, however, in the development of new biased activators due, in part, to the low throughput of traditional screening approaches. DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DELs) dramatically improve the throughput of drug discovery by allowing a collective selection, rather than discrete screening, of large compound libraries. The …

Serologic Responses To Covid-19 Vaccination In Children With History Of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (Mis-C), Maria A Perez, Carol M Kao, David A Hunstad, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Understanding the serological responses to COVID-19 vaccination in children with history of MIS-C could inform vaccination recommendations. We prospectively enrolled seven children hospitalized with MIS-C and measured SARS-CoV-2 binding IgG antibodies to spike protein variants longitudinally pre- and post-Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 primary series COVID-19 vaccination. We found that SARS-CoV-2 variant cross-reactive IgG antibodies variably waned following acute MIS-C, but were significantly boosted with vaccination and maintained for up to 3 months. We then compared post-vaccination binding, pseudovirus neutralizing, and functional antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) titers to the reference strain (Wuhan-hu-1) and Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) among previously healthy children (n = 16) …

Modifiable Risk Factors In Women At High Risk Of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review, Sarah Y Cohen, Carolyn R Stoll, Akila Anandarajah, Michelle Doering, Graham A Colditz

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Modifiable risk factors (alcohol, smoking, obesity, hormone use, and physical activity) affect a woman's breast cancer (BC) risk. Whether these factors affect BC risk in women with inherited risk (family history, BRCA1/2 mutations, or familial cancer syndrome) remains unclear.

METHODS: This review included studies on modifiable risk factors for BC in women with inherited risk. Pre-determined eligibility criteria were used and relevant data were extracted.

RESULTS: The literature search resulted in 93 eligible studies. For women with family history, most studies indicated that modifiable risk factors had no association with BC and some indicated decreased (physical activity) or increased …

Advances In Mass Spectrometry On Membrane Proteins, Hsin-Chieh Yang, Weikai Li, Jie Sun, Michael L Gross

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Understanding the higher-order structure of membrane proteins (MPs), which are vital for numerous biological processes, is crucial for comprehending their function. Although several biophysical approaches have been used to study the structure of MPs, limitations exist owing to the proteins' dynamic nature and heterogeneity. Mass spectrometry (MS) is emerging as a powerful tool for investigating membrane protein structure and dynamics. Studying MPs using MS, however, must meet several challenges including the lack of stability and solubility of MPs, the complexity of the protein-membrane system, and the difficulty of digestion and detection. To meet these challenges, recent advances in MS have …

Single-Nucleus Rna-Sequencing Of Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer Disease And Risk Variant Carriers, Logan Brase, Shih-Feng You, Ricardo D'Oliveira Albanus, Brenna C Novotny, Carolina Soriano-Tarraga, Taitea Dykstra, Maria Victoria Fernandez, John P Budde, Kristy Bergmann, John C Morris, Randall J Bateman, Richard J Perrin, Eric Mcdade, Chengjie Xiong, Jonathan Kipnis, Celeste M Karch, Oscar Harari, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Genetic studies of Alzheimer disease (AD) have prioritized variants in genes related to the amyloid cascade, lipid metabolism, and neuroimmune modulation. However, the cell-specific effect of variants in these genes is not fully understood. Here, we perform single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) on nearly 300,000 nuclei from the parietal cortex of AD autosomal dominant (APP and PSEN1) and risk-modifying variant (APOE, TREM2 and MS4A) carriers. Within individual cell types, we capture genes commonly dysregulated across variant groups. However, specific transcriptional states are more prevalent within variant carriers. TREM2 oligodendrocytes show a dysregulated autophagy-lysosomal pathway, MS4A microglia have dysregulated complement cascade genes, and …

Coronavirus Accessory Protein Orf3 Biology And Its Contribution To Viral Behavior And Pathogenesis, Fusheng Si, Shuai Song, Ruisong Yu, Zhen Li, Wenqiang Wei, Chao Wu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is classified in the genus

Loss Of Fgf9 In Mice Leads To Pancreatic Hypoplasia And Asplenia, Sophie Patzek, Zhe Liu, Sean De La O, Sean Chang, Lauren E Byrnes, Xiuqin Zhang, David M Ornitz, Julie B Sneddon

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Pancreatic development requires spatially and temporally controlled expression of growth factors derived from mesenchyme. Here, we report that in mice the secreted factor Fgf9 is expressed principally by mesenchyme and then mesothelium during early development, then subsequently by both mesothelium and rare epithelial cells by E12.5 and onwards. Global knockout of the

Plasma Proteomics Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection And Severity Reveals Impact On Alzheimer's And Coronary Disease Pathways, Lihua Wang, Daniel Western, Jigyasha Timsina, Charlie Repaci, Joanne Norton, Pat Kohlfeld, John Budde, Omar H Butt, Alan R Templeton, Jane O'Halloran, Rachel Presti, Charles W Goss, Philip A Mudd, Beau M Ances, Yun Ju Sung, Carlos Cruchaga, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Identification of proteins dysregulated by COVID-19 infection is critically important for better understanding of its pathophysiology, building prognostic models, and identifying new targets. Plasma proteomic profiling of 4,301 proteins was performed in two independent datasets and tested for the association for three COVID-19 outcomes (infection, ventilation, and death). We identified 1,449 proteins consistently associated in both datasets with any of these three outcomes. We subsequently created highly accurate models that distinctively predict infection, ventilation, and death. These proteins were enriched in specific biological processes including cytokine signaling, Alzheimer's disease, and coronary artery disease. Mendelian randomization and gene network analyses identified …

Refining Expert Recommendations For Implementing Change (Eric) Strategy Surveys Using Cognitive Interviews With Frontline Providers, Vera Yakovchenko, Matthew J Chinman, Carolyn Lamorte, Byron J Powell, Thomas J Waltz, Monica Merante, Sandra Gibson, Brittney Neely, Timothy R Morgan, Shari S Rogal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) compilation includes 73 defined implementation strategies clustered into nine content areas. This taxonomy has been used to track implementation strategies over time using surveys. This study aimed to improve the ERIC survey using cognitive interviews with non-implementation scientist clinicians.

METHODS: Starting in 2015, we developed and fielded annual ERIC surveys to evaluate liver care in the Veterans Health Administration (VA). We invited providers who had completed at least three surveys to participate in cognitive interviews (October 2020 to October 2021). Before the interviews, participants reviewed the complete 73-item ERIC survey and marked …

Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring In Extremely Preterm Infants, Mathias L Hansen, Zachary Vesoulis, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The use of cerebral oximetry monitoring in the care of extremely preterm infants is increasing. However, evidence that its use improves clinical outcomes is lacking.

METHODS: In this randomized, phase 3 trial conducted at 70 sites in 17 countries, we assigned extremely preterm infants (gestational age, <28 weeks), within 6 hours after birth, to receive treatment guided by cerebral oximetry monitoring for the first 72 hours after birth or to receive usual care. The primary outcome was a composite of death or severe brain injury on cerebral ultrasonography at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. Serious adverse events that were assessed were death, severe brain injury, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, and late-onset sepsis.

RESULTS: A total of 1601 infants underwent randomization and 1579 (98.6%) were evaluated for the primary outcome. At 36 weeks' postmenstrual age, death or severe brain injury had occurred in 272 of 772 infants (35.2%) in the cerebral oximetry group, as compared with 274 of 807 infants (34.0%) in the usual-care group (relative …

Mutational Analysis Of Anesthetic Binding Sites And Their Effects On Gabaa Receptor Activation And Modulation By Positive Allosteric Modulators Of The Α7 Nicotinic Receptor, Spencer R Pierce, Allison L Germann, Sophia Q Xu, Saumith L Menon, Marcelo O Ortells, Hugo R Arias, Gustav Akk

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the α7 nicotinic receptor

Head-To-Head Comparison Of 10 Plasma Phospho-Tau Assays In Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease, Shorena Janelidze, Nicolas R Barthélemy, Yingxin He, Randall J Bateman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Plasma phospho-tau (p-tau) species have emerged as the most promising blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we performed a head-to-head comparison of p-tau181, p-tau217 and p-tau231 measured using 10 assays to detect abnormal brain amyloid-β (Aβ) status and predict future progression to Alzheimer's dementia. The study included 135 patients with baseline diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (mean age 72.4 years; 60.7% women) who were followed for an average of 4.9 years. Seventy-one participants had abnormal Aβ-status (i.e. abnormal CSF Aβ42/40) at baseline; and 45 of these Aβ-positive participants progressed to Alzheimer's dementia during follow-up. P-tau concentrations were determined in baseline …

Mapping Genomic Regulation Of Kidney Disease And Traits Through High-Resolution And Interpretable Eqtls, Seong Kyu Han, Parker C Wilson, Benjamin D Humphreys, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) studies illuminate genomic variants that regulate specific genes and contribute to fine-mapped loci discovered via genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Efforts to maximize their accuracy are ongoing. Using 240 glomerular (GLOM) and 311 tubulointerstitial (TUBE) micro-dissected samples from human kidney biopsies, we discovered 5371 GLOM and 9787 TUBE genes with at least one variant significantly associated with expression (eGene) by incorporating kidney single-nucleus open chromatin data and transcription start site distance as an "integrative prior" for Bayesian statistical fine-mapping. The use of an integrative prior resulted in higher resolution eQTLs illustrated by (1) smaller numbers of …

A Somato-Cognitive Action Network Alternates With Effector Regions In Motor Cortex, Evan M Gordon, Roselyne J Chauvin, Andrew N Van, Aishwarya Rajesh, Ashley Nielsen, Dillan J Newbold, Nicole A Seider, Samuel R Krimmel, Kristen M Scheidter, Julia Monk, Ryland L Miller, Athanasia Metoki, David F Montez, Annie Zheng, Tomoyuki Nishino, Michael J Myers, Sydney Kaplan, Carolina Badke D'Andrea, Deanna M Barch, Christopher D Smyser, Cynthia E Rogers, Kelly N Botteron, John R Pruett, Jon T Willie, Peter Brunner, Joshua S Shimony, Benjamin P Kay, Scott Marek, Scott A Norris, Chad M Sylvester, Jarod L Roland, Steven E Petersen, Marcus E Raichle, Timothy O Laumann, Nico U F Dosenbach, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Motor cortex (M1) has been thought to form a continuous somatotopic homunculus extending down the precentral gyrus from foot to face representations

Are Cross-Sectional Safety Climate Survey Results In Operating Room Staff Associated With The Surgical Site Infection Rates In Swiss Hospitals?, Yvonne Pfeiffer, Andrew Atkinson, Judith Maag, Michael A. Lane, David Schwappach, Jonas Marschall

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between surgical site infections (SSIs), a major source of patient harm, and safety and teamwork climate. Prior research has been unclear regarding this relationship.

DESIGN: Based on the Swiss national SSI surveillance and a survey study assessing (a) safety climate and (b) teamwork climate, associations were analysed for three kinds of surgical procedures.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: SSI surveillance data from 20 434 surgeries for hip and knee arthroplasty from 41 hospitals, 8321 for colorectal procedures from 28 hospitals and 4346 caesarean sections from 11 hospitals and survey responses from …

Reversing Dysdynamism To Interrupt Mitochondrial Degeneration In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Gerald W Dorn Ii

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is one of several chronic neurodegenerative conditions in which mitochondrial abnormalities are posited to contribute to disease progression. Therapeutic options targeting mitochondria include enhancing metabolism, suppressing reactive oxygen production and disrupting mitochondria-mediated programmed cell death pathways. Herein is reviewed mechanistic evidence supporting a meaningful pathophysiological role for the constellation of abnormal mitochondrial fusion, fission and transport, collectively designated mitochondrial dysdynamism, in ALS. Following this is a discussion on preclinical studies in ALS mice that seemingly validate the idea that normalizing mitochondrial dynamism can delay ALS by interrupting a vicious cycle of mitochondrial degeneration, leading to neuronal die-back …