Digital Commons Network^™

System Readiness And The Patient Care Pathway For Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis And Treatment, B Joy Snider, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Promising therapeutic interventions that target the underlying pathophysiology are changing the landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. The AD care pathway must be transformed to meet the challenge of bringing these new therapies to the increasing number of people living with AD within the existing healthcare framework. Challenges include identifying patients who may benefit from treatment interventions early in the course of the disease, ensuring that diagnostic tools are accessible and accurate, and developing capabilities to monitor the effectiveness of interventions over time. These challenges must be addressed at all levels, from primary care settings to tertiary treatment centers; this …

Clinical And Neuropathological Associations Of Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40, P-Tau217 And Neurofilament Light In Sporadic Frontotemporal Dementia Spectrum Disorders, Binita Rajbanshi, Randall J Bateman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Plasma amyloid beta

METHODS: We compared the clinical, neuroimaging, and neuropathological associations of plasma Aβ

RESULTS: Aβ

DISCUSSION: Plasma p-tau217 has clinical, neuroimaging, and neuropathological correlates in sporadic FTD and may identify FTD cases with AD co-pathology.

HIGHLIGHTS: Alzheimer's disease (AD) features could be identified with plasma phosphorylated tau217 (p-tau217) in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).Plasma p-tau217 is a better discriminator of AD co-pathology and AD-associated features in FTLD than plasma amyloid beta

Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis Of A Novel Dental Health Education Program To Improve Dental Care Utilization By Bhutanese-, Burmese-, And Swahili-Speaking Refugees In A Midwestern United States City, Chandra Swanson, Katherine Gordon, Kelly Kreisler, Elizabeth Montgomery Collins

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Estimating Preclinical Amyloid Positivity: A Case Study Transporting Adni To Aric, Emma K Stapp, Elizabeth Rose Mayeda, Elizabeth A Stuart, Rebecca F Gottesman, Scott C Zimmerman, Dean F Wong, Thomas H Mosley, Michael E Griswold, M Maria Glymour, Melinda C Power, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease and related dementias researchers have benefited from deeply phenotyped clinical samples; however, there is a critical need for estimates that generalize to diverse, representative populations. Use of a statistical approach from causal inference, "transport," may allow generalization of findings from clinical samples to other target populations. Here we explore the feasibility and validity of extending results from a clinical sample, the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), to a community-based target sample, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Positron Emission Tomography Amyloid Imaging Study (ARIC-PET) using transport estimation and a standard approach, direct standardization, which itself can be …

Data-Driven Approach To Dynamic Resting State Functional Connectivity In Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An Enigma-Pgc Ptsd Study, Carissa W. Tomas, Evan M. Gordon, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis-Like Paraneoplastic Syndrome As Initial Presentation Of Nodular Sclerosis Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma, Michel Attieh, Seyed Reza Taha, Selim Nasser, Fouad Boulos

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) presenting with initial skeletal symptoms as a paraneoplastic phenomenon is extremely rare. Herein, we report the case of a 26-year-old man with nodular sclerosis classical HL (NSCHL) who presented with low back pain as the initial symptom. Imaging studies were unremarkable except for right S1-S2 sacral marrow edema on MRI, and multiple biopsies showed only inflammatory changes, resulting in a tentative diagnosis of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Later in the course of the disease, after performing routine series of MRIs, lymphadenopathy was finally detected. Core biopsies of the axillary and pelvic lymph nodes subsequently confirmed the diagnosis …

Wireless Modular Implantable Neural Device With One-Touch Magnetic Assembly For Versatile Neuromodulation, Inho Kang, John Bilbily, Choong Yeon Kim, Chuanqian Shi, Manish K Madasu, Eun Young Jeong, Kyle E Parker, Do A Kwon, Bum-Joon Jung, Jae-Soon Yang, Juhyun Lee, Noah D L Kabbaj, Wonhee Lee, Jun-Bo Yoon, Ream Al-Hasani, Jianliang Xiao, Jordan G Mccall, Jae-Woong Jeong

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Multimodal neural interfaces open new opportunities in brain research by enabling more sophisticated and systematic neural circuit dissection. Integrating complementary features across distinct functional domains, these multifunctional neural probes have greatly advanced the interrogation of complex neural circuitry. However, introducing multiple functionalities into a compact form factor for freely behaving animals presents substantial design hurdles that complicate the device or require more than one device. Moreover, fixed functionality poses challenges in meeting the dynamic needs of chronic neuroscience inquiry, such as replacing consumable parts like batteries or drugs. To address these limitations, the modular implantable neural device (MIND) is introduced …

Multi-Echo Acquisition And Thermal Denoising Advances Precision Functional Imaging, Julia Moser, Alyssa K Labonte, Michael J Myers, Babatunde Adeyemo, Abraham Z Snyder, Evan M Gordon, Nico U F Dosenbach, Timothy O Laumann, Chad M Sylvester, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The characterization of individual functional brain organization with Precision Functional Mapping has provided important insights in recent years in adults. However, little is known about the ontogeny of inter-individual differences in brain functional organization during human development. Precise characterization of systems organization during periods of high plasticity is likely to be essential for discoveries promoting lifelong health. Obtaining precision functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data during development has unique challenges that highlight the importance of establishing new methods to improve data acquisition, processing, and analysis. Here, we investigate two methods that can facilitate attaining this goal: multi-echo (ME) data acquisition …

Association Of Item-Level Responses To Cognitive Function Index With Tau Pathology And Hippocampal Volume In The A4 Study, Idris Demirsoy, Elham Ghanbarian, Babak Khorsand, Bhargav T Nallapu, Kellen K Petersen, Richard B Lipton, S Ahmad Sajjadi, Laura A Rabin, Ali Ezzati

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a long preclinical phase in which individuals may accumulate amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathology without noticeable cognitive impairment. Subjective cognitive impairment reports can provide early insights into cognitive decline.

METHODS: In the A4 Study, 339 cognitively unimpaired, Aβ-positive individuals underwent tau positron emission tomography imaging. Tau status was classified based on medial temporal lobe tau standardized uptake value ratios (tau

RESULTS: Higher tau

DISCUSSION: These findings support the utility of participant- and study partner-reported concerns as early indicators of preclinical AD pathology, with potential value for early detection and trial enrichment strategies.

HIGHLIGHTS: Higher …

Stated Preference Research In Otolaryngology: A Scoping Review, Lucy Xu, Molly N Huston, Victoria S Lee, John D Cramer, Deborah Goss, Matthew R Naunheim

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Stated preference research methods, including discrete choice experiments (DCEs), conjoint analysis (CA), best-worst scaling (BWS), and willingness-to-pay/contingent valuation (WTP/CV) studies, are excellent tools for understanding patient preferences in healthcare. Their application in otolaryngology has yet to be described. This work encompasses a scoping review assessing the field of stated preference research in otolaryngology, to identify gaps in the current literature and identify areas of future applications of such methodologies.

DATA SOURCES: Embase, Medline, and Web of Science.

REVIEW METHODS: A search of three databases for all relevant publications through 2023 was performed using relevant search terms. Eligibility criteria for …

Variations In Greater Trochanter Height As A Relation To Patient Demographics: Implications For Femoral Nail Design, Jordan A Haber, Amogh I Iyer, Matthew Dulas, Douglas Weaver, Jason A Strelzow

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Intramedullary nail fixation is the "gold standard" for surgical intervention of femoral fractures. While many aspects of nail design and patient anatomy have received specific focus, anatomic variations in proximal femoral geometry and greater trochanteric height variation have been poorly studied. Understanding the potential relationship of the greater trochanter to patient demographics may provide an opportunity to improve implant placement. Retrospective review of x-ray and computed tomography images of the proximal femur was performed. Inclusion criteria consisted of skeletally mature patients over 18 years old with imaging of the proximal femur. Inclusion criteria identified 296 patients. Mean age of included …

Supporting Teams With Designing For Dissemination And Sustainability: The Design, Development, And Usability Of A Digital Interactive Platform, Maura M Kepper, Allison J L'Hotta, Thembekile Shato, Bethany M Kwan, Russell E Glasgow, Douglas Luke, Andrea K Graham, Ana A Baumann, Ross C Brownson, Brad Morse

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Designing for Dissemination and Sustainability (D4DS) principles and methods can support the development of research products (interventions, tools, findings) that match well with the needs and context of the intended audience and setting. D4DS principles and methods are not well-known or used during clinical and public health research; research teams would benefit from applying D4DS. This paper presents the development of a new digital platform for research teams to learn and apply a D4DS process to their work.

METHODS: A user-centered design (UCD) approach engaged users (n = 14) and an expert panel (n = 6) in an iterative …

Saponin Tql1055 Adjuvant-Containing Vaccine Confers Protection Upon Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Challenge In Mice, Mushtaq Ahmed, Eric Farris, Rosemary V Swanson, Shibali Das, Yan Yang, Tyler Martin, Shabaana A Khader

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the intracellular pathogen

The Association Of Caregiver Attitudes, Information Sources, And Trust With Hpv Vaccine Initiation Among Adolescents, Akila Anandarajah, Thembekile Shato, Sarah Humble, Alan R Barnette, Heather M Brandt, Lisa M Klesges, Vetta L Sanders Thompson, Michelle I Silver

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This study described caregiver attitudes and the information sources they access about HPV vaccination for adolescents and determined their influence on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination initiation. An online survey was administered to 1,016 adults in July 2021. Participants were eligible if they were the caregiver of a child aged 9-17 residing in Mississippi, Arkansas, Tennessee, Missouri, and select counties in Southern Illinois. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association of caregiver attitudes and information sources with HPV vaccination. Information from doctors or healthcare providers (87.4%) and internet sources other than social media (31.0%) were the most used sources …

Head-To-Head Comparison Of Aptamer- And Antibody-Based Proteomic Platforms In Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples From A Real-World Memory Clinic Cohort, Raquel Puerta, Yun Ju Sung, Carlos Cruchaga, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

High-throughput proteomic platforms are crucial to identify novel Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers and pathways. In this study, we evaluated the reproducibility and reliability of aptamer-based (SomaScan

Automated Differentiation Of Wide Qrs Complex Tachycardia Using Qrs Complex Polarity, Adam M May, Bhavesh B Katbamna, Preet A Shaikh, Sarah Lococo, Elena Deych, Ruiwen Zhou, Lei Liu, Krasimira M Mikhova, Rugheed Ghadban, Phillip S Cuculich, Daniel H Cooper, Thomas M Maddox, Peter A Noseworthy, Anthony Kashou

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Wide QRS complex tachycardia (WCT) differentiation into ventricular tachycardia (VT) and supraventricular wide complex tachycardia (SWCT) remains challenging despite numerous 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) criteria and algorithms. Automated solutions leveraging computerized ECG interpretation (CEI) measurements and engineered features offer practical ways to improve diagnostic accuracy. We propose automated algorithms based on (i) WCT QRS polarity direction (WCT Polarity Code [WCT-PC]) and (ii) QRS polarity shifts between WCT and baseline ECGs (QRS Polarity Shift [QRS-PS]).

METHODS: In a three-part study, we derive and validate machine learning (ML) models-logistic regression (LR), artificial neural network (ANN), Random Forests (RF), support vector machine (SVM), …

Hiding In Plain Sight: Eating Disorders In Diverse Populations - A Case For Comprehensive Medical Education, Tashalee R Brown, Madeline O Jansen, Drew Hirsch, Habiba Amir, Alexis E Duncan, Ginger E Nicol

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Training gaps regarding the diagnosis and management of eating disorders in diverse populations, including racial, ethnic, sexual, and gender minoritized groups, have not been thoroughly examined.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine resident physicians' knowledge and attitudes regarding eating disorders in diverse populations, with a focus on areas for improved training and intervention.

METHODS: Ninety-two resident physicians in internal medicine, emergency medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, psychiatry, and surgery at an academic center completed an online survey from 12/1/2020-3/1/2021, which comprised multiple choice and vignette-style open-ended questions to assess knowledge and attitudes toward the management and clinical presentations of eating disorders. Overall, …

Approaches And Outcomes Of Adalimumab Discontinuation In Patients With Well-Controlled Inflammatory Arthritis: A Systematic Search And Review, Erin Balay-Dustrude, Jessica Fennell, Kevin Baszis, Y Ingrid Goh, Daniel B Horton, Tzielan Lee, Chloe Rotman, Anna Sutton, Marinka Twilt, Olha Halyabar, Carra Jia Inactive Disease Workgroup

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: This systematic search and review aimed to evaluate the available literature on discontinuation of adalimumab and other tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) for patients with well-controlled chronic inflammatory arthritides.

METHODS: We conducted a publication search on adalimumab discontinuation from 2000-2023 using PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Included studies evaluated adalimumab discontinuation approaches, tapering schemes, and outcomes including successful discontinuation and recapture after flare, in patients with well-controlled disease. Studies included evaluated rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

RESULTS: Forty-nine studies were included. Studies evaluating adalimumab alone were limited, and many reported TNFi outcomes …

Effectiveness Of An Online Food Shopping Intervention To Reduce Salt Purchases Among Individuals With Hypertension - Findings Of The Saltswitch Online Grocery Shopping (Ogs) Randomised Trial, Jason Hy Wu, Damian Maganja, Liping Huang, Kathy Trieu, Fraser Taylor, Eden M Barrett, Clare Arnott, Xiaoqi Feng, Aletta E Schutte, Gian Luca Di Tanna, Cliona Ni Mhurchu, Adrian J Cameron, Mark D Huffman, Bruce Neal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Online grocery shopping is a growing source of food purchases in many countries. We investigated the effect of nudging consumers towards purchases of lower sodium products using a web browser extension.

METHODS: This trial was conducted among individuals with hypertension who shopped for their groceries online in Australia. From July 2021 to June 2023, participants were randomised to use the SaltSwitch Online Grocery Shopping web browser extension or continue their usual grocery shopping for 12 weeks. The SaltSwitch extension modified a retailer's online shopping interface to suggest similar but lower sodium alternative products to those initially selected. The primary …

Oxidized Phospholipid And Transcriptomic Signatures Of Thc-Related Vaping Associated Lung Injury, Tomeka L Suber, Zeyu Xiong, Janet S Lee, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

E-cigarette/vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) is strongly associated with vitamin E acetate and often occurs with concomitant tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use. To uncover pathways associated with EVALI, we examined cytokines, transcriptomic signatures, and lipidomic profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from THC-EVALI patients. At a single center, we prospectively enrolled mechanically ventilated patients with EVALI from THC-containing products (N = 4) and patients with non-vaping acute lung injury and airway controls (N = 5). BALF samples were analyzed by Luminex multiplex assay, RNA sequencing, and mass spectrometry. After treating BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells with vaping and non-vaping BALF, LDH release was quantified. …

Carboxyl Ester Lipase Hybrid 1 (Cel-Hyb1) Haplotypes Confer Varying Risk For Chronic Pancreatitis, Gergő Berke, Xunjun K Xiao, Mark E Lowe, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The CEL-HYB1 hybrid allele of the carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) gene and its pseudogene (CELP) has been associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Recent work indicated that amino acid positions 488 and 548 in CEL-HYB1 determined pathogenicity. Haplotype Thr488-Ile548 was associated with CP while haplotypes Thr488-Thr548 and Ile488-Thr548 were benign. However, functional analysis revealed that Thr488 is the primary determinant of CEL-HYB1 misfolding and associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To address this contradiction, we analyzed a cohort from Hungary and found significantly increased CEL-HYB1 carrier frequency in CP cases (9/319, 2.8%) versus controls (5/618, 0.8%), yielding an odds ratio of 3.6 …

Refinement Of An Algorithm To Detect And Predict Freezing Of Gait In Parkinson Disease Using Wearable Sensors, Allison M Haussler, Lauren E Tueth, David S May, Gammon M Earhart, Pietro Mazzoni

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a debilitating symptom of Parkinson disease (PD). It is episodic and variable in nature, making assessment difficult. Wearable sensors used in conjunction with specialized algorithms, such as our group's pFOG algorithm, provide objective data to better understand this phenomenon. While these methods are effective at detecting FOG retrospectively, more work is needed. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the existing pFOG algorithm can be refined to improve the detection and prediction of FOG. To accomplish this goal, previously collected data were utilized to assess the prediction ability of the current algorithm, the …

Stereotactic Cardiac Radiotherapy For Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia In Structural Heart Disease Patients: A Systematic Review, Amulya Gupta, Zeeshan Sattar, Nourhan Chaaban, Sagar Ranka, Cameron Carlson, Farhad Sami, Clifford G Robinson, Phillip S Cuculich, Seth H Sheldon, Madhu Reddy, David Akhavan, Amit Noheria

2020-Current year OA Pubs

AIMS: Among patients with structural heart disease with ventricular tachycardia (VT) refractory to medical therapy and catheter ablation, cardiac stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a paradigm-changing treatment option. This study aims to assess the efficacy of cardiac SBRT in refractory VT by comparing the rates of VT episodes, anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) therapies, and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shocks post-SBRT with pre-SBRT.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a comprehensive literature search and included all clinical studies reporting outcomes on cardiac SBRT for VT. Treatment efficacy was evaluated as random-effects pooled rate-ratios of VT episodes, ATP therapies and ICD shocks post-SBRT (after 6-week …

Cochlear Mechanics Are Preserved After Inner Ear Delivery Of Gold Nanoparticles, Dorothy W Pan, Jinkyung Kim, Patricia M Quiñones, Anthony J Ricci, Brian E Applegate, John S Oghalai

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Novel therapeutic delivery systems and delivery methods to the inner ear are necessary to treat hearing loss and inner ear disorders. However, numerous barriers exist to therapeutic delivery into the bone-encased and immune-privileged environment of the inner ear and cochlea, which makes treating inner ear disorders challenging. Nanoparticles (NPs) are a type of therapeutic delivery system that can be engineered for multiple purposes, and posterior semicircular canal (PSCC) infusion is a method to directly deposit them into the cochlea. We sought to assess PSCC infusion of gold NPs into the cochlea, including the NPs' distribution and effect on cochlear mechanics. …

Lower-Intensity Cpx-351 Plus Venetoclax Induction For Adults With Newly Diagnosed Aml Unfit For Intensive Chemotherapy, Geoffrey L Uy, Vinod Pullarkat, Praneeth Baratam, Robert K Stuart, Roland B Walter, Eric S Winer, Qi Wang, Stefan Faderl, Divya Chakravarthy, Diane Menno, Ronald S Cheung, Tara L Lin

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Preclinical data suggest a rationale for combining CPX-351, a dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine, with venetoclax, a B-cell lymphoma-2 inhibitor. This phase 1b study evaluated lower-intensity CPX-351 combined with venetoclax in adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) considered unfit/ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. In a dose-exploration phase using a 3+3 design, patients received stepwise dosing of CPX-351 IV on days 1 and 3 plus venetoclax 400 mg orally on days 2 to 21 per cycle to determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) for this combination. During the expansion phase, additional patients received CPX-351 plus venetoclax at the identified …

Emata: A Toolbox For The Automatic Extraction And Modeling Of Arterial Inputs For Tracer Kinetic Analysis In [18f]Fdg Brain Studies, Mattia De Francisci, Erica Silvestri, Andrea Bettinelli, Tommaso Volpi, Manu S Goyal, Andrei G Vlassenko, Diego Cecchin, Alessandra Bertoldo

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: PET imaging is a pivotal tool for biomarker research aimed at personalized medicine. Leveraging the quantitative nature of PET requires knowledge of plasma radiotracer concentration. Typically, the arterial input function (AIF) is obtained through arterial cannulation, an invasive and technically demanding procedure. A less invasive alternative, especially for [

METHODS: To assess the toolbox generalizability and present example outputs, EMATA was applied to brain [

RESULTS: EMATA consistently performs IDIF extraction across all datasets, despite differences in scanners and acquisition protocols. Remarkably high agreement is observed when comparing Patlak's K

CONCLUSION: EMATA proved adaptability to different datasets characteristics and …

Loss Of Chop Prevents Joint Degeneration And Pain In A Mouse Model Of Pseudoachondroplasia, Jacqueline T Hecht, Alka C Veerisetty, Mohammad G Hossain, Debabrata Patra, Michele Carrer, Frankie Chiu, Dorde Relic, Paymaan Jafar-Nejad, Karen L Posey

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH), a severe dwarfing condition characterized by impaired skeletal growth and early joint degeneration, results from mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). These mutations disrupt normal protein folding, leading to the accumulation of misfolded COMP in chondrocytes. The MT-COMP mouse is a murine model of PSACH that expresses D469del human COMP in response to doxycycline and replicates the PSACH chondrocyte and clinical pathology. The basis for the mutant-COMP pathology involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling through the PERK/eIF2α/CHOP pathway. C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), in conjunction with a TNFα inflammatory process, upregulates mTORC1, hindering autophagy clearance of mutant COMP …

A Phase 1 Randomized Trial Of Homologous And Heterologous Filovirus Vaccines With A Late Booster Dose, Christina A Rostad, Carol Kao, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Filoviruses, including Ebola, Marburg, Sudan, and Taï Forest viruses, are zoonotic pathogens that can cause severe viral hemorrhagic fever and death. Developing vaccines that provide durable, broad immunity against multiple filoviruses is a high global health priority. In this Phase 1 trial, we enrolled 60 healthy U.S. adults and evaluated the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of homologous and heterologous MVA-BN®-Filo and Ad26.ZEBOV prime-boost schedules followed in select arms by MVA-BN®-Filo boost at 1 year (NCT02891980). We found that all vaccine regimens had acceptable safety and reactogenicity. The heterologous prime-boost strategy elicited superior Ebola binding and neutralizing antibody, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity …

Protocol For A Non-Surgical Model Of Perineural Invasion For Assessing Neural Drivers Of Cancer Aggressiveness In Mice, Tiago H Zaninelli, Telma Saraiva-Santos, Brielle H Patlin, Michael Slade Stratton, David Y Chen, Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Perineural invasion (PNI) is a significant risk factor for cancer recurrence and metastasis; however, its mechanisms relating to cancer aggressiveness remain poorly understood. Here, we present a protocol for a non-surgical model of PNI in mice using a neurotropic melanoma cell line that migrates from the skin to the sciatic nerve. We describe the steps for cell culture and injection, tumor burden measurements, mouse euthanasia, and tissue dissection. We then detail procedures for sample cross-section and confocal imaging.

Bile Acids In Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Pathophysiology To Treatment, Samantha H Bai, Arun Chandnani, Siyan Cao

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that affects about 7 million people worldwide, and new therapies are needed. Understanding the complex roles that bile acids (BAs) play in IBD may lead to the development of novel IBD treatments independent of direct immunosuppression. This review discusses the latest discoveries in the roles BAs play in IBD pathogenesis and explores how these discoveries offer promising new therapeutic targets to treat IBD and improve patient outcomes. Several therapies discussed include specific BA receptor (BAR) agonists, dietary therapies, supplements, probiotics, and mesenchymal stem cell therapies that have all been shown to decrease …