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Strategies To Provide Organizational Support To Neurodivergent Employees On Work Teams, Keila Yaremis Molina González Nov 2025

Strategies To Provide Organizational Support To Neurodivergent Employees On Work Teams, Keila Yaremis Molina González

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Ineffective strategies for supporting neurodivergent employees can lead to decreased productivity, talent loss, and stifled innovation, ultimately harming a company's operational efficiency. Industry training managers who struggle to improve productivity, retention, and innovation may find their businesses facing instability as a result. . Grounded in attribution theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry research project was to identify and explore effective strategies used by industry training managers to support neurodivergent employees to increase productivity, talent retention, and innovation. The participants were nine industry training managers who had implemented supportive strategies. Data were collected through semistructured interviews, public websites, and …


Executive Summary: Multi-Departmental Resilience And Stress Reduction Program, Joy Adeyemi Nov 2025

Executive Summary: Multi-Departmental Resilience And Stress Reduction Program, Joy Adeyemi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Background: Primary care nursing faces an escalating burnout crisis threatening patient safety and organizational sustainability. Internal data reveals 68% of primary care nurses report high emotional exhaustion scores on the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), significantly exceeding the national average of 45%. Annual voluntary turnover of 28% results in direct replacement costs exceeding $750,000, with associated increases in absenteeism (15% higher) and overtime costs (22% higher) compared to regional benchmarks. Purpose: This quality improvement project implemented a comprehensive multi-departmental resilience and stress reduction program to reduce nurse burnout, improve retention, and enhance patient safety outcomes in a primary care setting serving …


Childhood Events And Counseling Experiences Of Chinese And Korean American Transracial Adoptees, Mele Kramer, Lee Stadtlander Nov 2025

Childhood Events And Counseling Experiences Of Chinese And Korean American Transracial Adoptees, Mele Kramer, Lee Stadtlander

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

From the 1950s through 2024, transracial adoptions—particularly of Korean and Chinese children—have been increasingly prevalent in Western societies. While these adoptions provided children with opportunities to grow up in loving and supportive families, they also introduced unique challenges related to identity, cultural integration, and self-esteem. This basic qualitative study aimed to explore the lived experiences of Chinese and Korean transracial adoptees (TRAs) within their adoptive families, in their interactions with counseling, and their perceptions of the effectiveness of counseling interventions. The study was grounded in Relational-Cultural Theory (RCT) and the Openness to Communication framework to examine the experiences of 19 …


Effects Of Experiences Of Widowhood Practice On Young Widows’ Well-Being In Southeastern Nigeria, Ijeoma Josephine Edinoh Nov 2025

Effects Of Experiences Of Widowhood Practice On Young Widows’ Well-Being In Southeastern Nigeria, Ijeoma Josephine Edinoh

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In Nigeria long-standing sociocultural norms dictate widowhood practice, which widows are expected to undergo when they lose their husbands. The impact of this ancient culture, which has continuously been encouraged from generation to generation to date, has been devastating for widows. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to investigate the effects of widowhood practices on the well-being of young widows in southeastern Nigeria. Feminist theory was the conceptual framework. Through semistructured, audio-recorded interviews conducted via Zoom, data were collected from 10 young widows between age 18 to 45 in the southeastern Nigeria. After the data were collected, Braun …


Staff Education To Acute Care Nursing Staff On Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation, Melissa Marie Emeott Nov 2025

Staff Education To Acute Care Nursing Staff On Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation, Melissa Marie Emeott

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

For this Doctor of Nursing Practice project in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), the focus was on enhancing education for acute care nurses about the benefits of inpatient rehabilitation for appropriate patients. The practice problem was the underutilization of inpatient rehabilitation despite its proven benefits in improving patient outcomes and reducing readmissions. With this project, I aimed to educate nurses on identifying suitable candidates for inpatient rehabilitation, thereby improving patient care transitions and outcomes. The practice-focused question revolved around assessing the effectiveness of educational interventions in increasing nurse knowledge and referral rates to inpatient rehab. Analytical strategies included pre- and …


Enhancing Patient Follow-Up: Creating And Evaluating Clinical Practice Guidelines On Appointment Reminders Using The Agree Ii Tool, Goretti Numfor Nov 2025

Enhancing Patient Follow-Up: Creating And Evaluating Clinical Practice Guidelines On Appointment Reminders Using The Agree Ii Tool, Goretti Numfor

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This report presents the outcomes of a quality improvement (QI) DNP practicum project situated at an outpatient facility. The preparation for the practicum project included a situational assessment to determine feasible changes and an appropriate strategy of change leadership. The target practice problem is missed appointments. Keeping appointments is a defining element of plans for care for medical services that require regular assessments and updates. In psychiatric nursing, reminders dictate schedules for the nurse practitioners because they indicate expected encounters and commitments. At the same time, unplanned changes could demand a change of the appointments or rescheduling. Best practice guidelines …


The Impact Of Access To Mental Health Services For Minority Offenders From The Perspective Of Mental Health Professionals, Quentin Eugne Mills Nov 2025

The Impact Of Access To Mental Health Services For Minority Offenders From The Perspective Of Mental Health Professionals, Quentin Eugne Mills

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many reintegrating offenders residing in northwest Florida’s rural areas are negatively impacted by a lack of access to mental health professionals. Inaccessibility to treatment service providers impacts the offender’s physical, mental and economic well-being. While research studies focus on examining access barriers in metropolitan jurisdictions, a gap remains in understanding how this issue adversely impacts offenders in rural communities. This qualitative research study examined the impact of inaccessibility to treatment services related to minority offenders in rural jurisdictions. Grounded by the intersectional theory and the general strain theory, this study utilized interviews with six mental health professionals who counseled offenders …


Associations Between Medicare Advantage Supplemental Dental Benefits And Voluntary Disenrollment, Carly J. Bressler-Archambeau Nov 2025

Associations Between Medicare Advantage Supplemental Dental Benefits And Voluntary Disenrollment, Carly J. Bressler-Archambeau

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Dental health is a critical component of overall well-being but is not a mandatory benefit in the Traditional Medicare or Medicare Advantage programs. Few researchers explore whether the generosity of supplemental benefits in Medicare Advantage, such as dental coverage, are associated with better beneficiary experience and retention in the program. The purpose of this quantitative study was to explore the potential associations between supplemental dental benefits generosity and voluntary disenrollment in Medicare Advantage plans. Penchansky and Thomas’ theory of access (1981) and Rivera-Hernandez et al.’s (2021) Medicare Advantage plan choice and retention framework were used to understand the associations between …


Experiences And Training Of Early Childhood Education Directors, Rochelle Elaine Nadeau Nov 2025

Experiences And Training Of Early Childhood Education Directors, Rochelle Elaine Nadeau

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In Colorado, early childhood education (ECE) directors are often not fully prepared to lead and develop high-quality teaching teams, which is integral to offering high-quality programming to children and families in the early years of development. Framed by transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore Colorado ECE directors' experiences with training and support, and the resources needed to develop ECE directors to lead high-quality programming . Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 13 Colorado ECE directors from center-based programs that serve children from birth to 8 years. Thematic analysis using open coding yielded …


Novice Teacher Voice Of Preservice Preparation To Support Low-Ses Students, Edna Richardson Richardson Billingsley Nov 2025

Novice Teacher Voice Of Preservice Preparation To Support Low-Ses Students, Edna Richardson Richardson Billingsley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem that was addressed through this study was that there is a gap in the literature about the preparation of mid to lower elementary novice teachers to teach students with low-socioeconomic status (low-SES) in several districts throughout the Southern United States. Grounded in social justice theory, the purpose of the basic qualitative design was to explore lower to middle elementary teachers' perceptions on their preservice preparation to teach low-SES students. For this basic qualitative design, 12 novice teachers participated in semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis with the following three top themes emerging: (a) poor preparation towards …


Comparison Of Two Clinical Education Models On Confidence, Resilience, Organizational Commitment, And Stress And Burnout Of New Graduate Registered Nurses, Lenore Reilly Nov 2025

Comparison Of Two Clinical Education Models On Confidence, Resilience, Organizational Commitment, And Stress And Burnout Of New Graduate Registered Nurses, Lenore Reilly

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The transition to independent clinical practice is a stressful experience that may lead many new graduate RNs (NGRNs) to leave their first role within a year. Effective clinical education can help prepare NGRNs for the dynamic environment of the acute care setting. The purposes of this study, guided by Meleis’s transitions theory, were to determine if there was (a) a difference in confidence in NGRNs who experienced a dedicated education unit (DEU) and NGRNs who experienced a traditional clinical education model (TCEM), (b) a difference in resilience in NGRNs who experienced a DEU and NGRNs who experienced a TCEM, (c) …


Telemental Health Utility: Working Toward Foster Carer Role Satisfaction And Placement Stability, Carlos David Ortiz Nov 2025

Telemental Health Utility: Working Toward Foster Carer Role Satisfaction And Placement Stability, Carlos David Ortiz

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Approximately 400,000 children in the Child Welfare System have an average of more than three placement disruptions while in care in what is termed placement instability (PI). PI is a known toxin to children’s neurodevelopment that predisposes them to a life of poor behavioral outcomes. Previous research shows that foster parents dissatisfied with their carer role contributed to PI by quitting or terminating a child’s placement. However, an important gap remains in the PI literature about the ability of telemental health (TMH) to provide adequate support to foster parents, to increase satisfaction in the carer role and potentially decrease the …


A Comprehensive Framework To Enhance Holistic Care For Postpartum Single Mothers, Stephanie Dumas Nov 2025

A Comprehensive Framework To Enhance Holistic Care For Postpartum Single Mothers, Stephanie Dumas

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Abstract Postpartum depression remains a significant challenge for single mothers who face emotional, financial, and social barriers with limited support. In Palm Beach County, Florida, where many households are led by single parents, existing services are often uncoordinated and lack trauma-informed approaches that address the realities of mothers during the postpartum period. The purpose of this qualitative action research study was to explore the perceptions of human services professionals regarding the trauma-informed and holistic care interventions needed to support single mothers experiencing postpartum depression. The Garbhasanskar holistic care framework, which emphasizes emotional well-being, mindfulness, and the creation of safe and …


Threads Of Attachment: Exploring Relationship Development Among Marginalized Populations Of Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivors, Eunique S. Powell Nov 2025

Threads Of Attachment: Exploring Relationship Development Among Marginalized Populations Of Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivors, Eunique S. Powell

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA), traumatic sexual violence within trusted relationships, continues to impact children in the United States and often leads to insecure attachments in adulthood. There was a gap in the literature concerning the experiences of adult survivors of CSA within marginalized communities, where such experiences are frequently ignored. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive phenomenological study was to explore how adult survivors of CSA from marginalized populations develop attachments. Bowlby argued that maintaining mental health in adulthood depends on forming healthy and secure relationships during childhood. Bowlby’s attachment theory served as the framework to understand how early attachment …


Brotherhood: Black Male Perception On The Impact Of Mentorship, Berinda Hollis-Sapp Nov 2025

Brotherhood: Black Male Perception On The Impact Of Mentorship, Berinda Hollis-Sapp

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

During the adolescent stage of development, identity is a foundational aspect of one’s development, and its absence leads to a negative outcome, characterized by role confusion. Positive interventions are necessary to develop a strong sense of self. The purpose of this generic qualitative project was to explore the perspectives of black males and the impact of mentorship on their identity during adolescence. The theoretical framework chosen for this study was Erikson’s identity versus role confusion, the fifth stage of his psychosocial development theory. Based on this concept, the research supported the idea that adolescent Black males should participate in culturally …


Staff Education On Fall Prevention In The Emergency Department, Linda Odoh Nov 2025

Staff Education On Fall Prevention In The Emergency Department, Linda Odoh

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This DNP staff education project was an initiative focused on improving fall-related knowledge among faculty members. The practice problem identified at the local project site was the frequent rate of patient falls. Analysis established the role of staff in the inefficient implementation of best practices and to the staff’s limited knowledge regarding the application of existing fall prevention strategies. The practice-focused question for this project was, In the emergency department setting, how does a fall prevention education program compared to pre-implementation practices, affect staff knowledge of fall prevention strategies within three months? The purpose of the project was to improve …


Staff Education To Critical Care Nurses On Spiritual Care, Revrey Darita Amey Nov 2025

Staff Education To Critical Care Nurses On Spiritual Care, Revrey Darita Amey

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Summary The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project included staff education for critical care nurses. Patients should receive spiritual care to decrease anxiety and depression that often accompany serious illnesses. Spiritual care encompasses inner peace, connection to others, transcendence, and the meaning and purpose of life. This project aimed to teach critical care nurses the importance of providing spiritual care to their patients. The project was designed to increase nursing knowledge, skills, and attitudes of spiritual care by conducting a 30-minute didactic staff education session in the critical care unit. Nurses completed a pretest and posttest using the Spiritual Care …


Educators’ Experiences Implementing Arts Integration At A Project-Based Middle School, Luba S. Lesser Nov 2025

Educators’ Experiences Implementing Arts Integration At A Project-Based Middle School, Luba S. Lesser

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem investigated through this study was that arts integration (AI) was not implemented into Grades 6 through 8 curricula with consistency at a local project-based middle school (PBMS, a pseudonym). Grounded in Martin’s arts as a second language framework, the purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore middle school teacher successes, challenges, and resources needed to implement AI into Grades 6 through 8 at PBMS. Semistructured interviews were conducted with nine middle school educators who were experienced with AI implementation at PBMS. Through thematic analysis using open and axial coding, teachers indicated that successes are seen when …


Understanding The Influence Of The Warrior And Guardian Mentalities On Police Behavior Through The Perspectives Of Police Training Personnel, Loren Eric Peterson Nov 2025

Understanding The Influence Of The Warrior And Guardian Mentalities On Police Behavior Through The Perspectives Of Police Training Personnel, Loren Eric Peterson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Research on police culture often contrasts the “warrior” mentality, linked to aggression and control, with the “guardian” mentality, which emphasizes empathy, restraint, and community trust. Yet little research explores how police academy instructors, who shape officers’ professional identities, understand and teach these opposing orientations. This phenomenological study examined how Oklahoma police academy instructors perceive the influence of warrior and guardian mentalities on officers’ decision making and behavior in use of force encounters. Grounded in symbolic interaction theory, the study explored how meaning, socialization, and thought interact to construct officers’ self-concepts and guide behavior under pressure. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted, …


Contrapower Harassment And Stress Experienced By Online Psychology Instructors, Sarah D. Hull Nov 2025

Contrapower Harassment And Stress Experienced By Online Psychology Instructors, Sarah D. Hull

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Previous researchers have found that face to face bullying by students directed towards postsecondary education faculty may result in negative mental and emotional impacts. The virtual environment provides a unique opportunity for student-to-faculty bullying behaviors, known as cyberbullying, to occur. Researchers have not yet studied how psychology faculty in particular experience stress when cyberbullied by students. The purpose of this qualitative study, rooted in phenomenological design, was to improve the understanding of how psychology faculty who are cyberbullied by students experience stress. Contrapower harassment theory was used to ground these research questions and design. The research questions examined the experiences …


Advancing Palliative Care Competency Through An Evidence-Based Educational Intervention For Healthcare Providers, Lauren Elizabeth Griffin Nov 2025

Advancing Palliative Care Competency Through An Evidence-Based Educational Intervention For Healthcare Providers, Lauren Elizabeth Griffin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A major gap in acute care is the delayed initiation of palliative consultations. Although over 58 million people worldwide could benefit, only 14% receive such care. Despite evidence that early involvement improves outcomes, providers often overlook their value, leading to late referrals, typically after repeated hospitalizations or near end-of-life, when hospice may be more appropriate. This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) educational intervention addressed a critical practice-focused question to enhance healthcare providers’ understanding of palliative care improve hospital-based patient outcomes. The intervention aimed to demonstrate a ≥20% knowledge gain from pretest to posttest scores related to distinguishing palliative care from …


Effect Of Servant Leaders’ Humility, Active Listening, And Trust-Building On Employee Engagement In U.S. Private Financial Organizations, Sunny Sung Phd, Tom Butkiewicz Ph.D. Nov 2025

Effect Of Servant Leaders’ Humility, Active Listening, And Trust-Building On Employee Engagement In U.S. Private Financial Organizations, Sunny Sung Phd, Tom Butkiewicz Ph.D.

International Journal of Applied Management and Technology

Ineffective leadership characteristics hinder employee engagement in the financial industry, leading to negative organizational outcomes. The purpose of this quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional study was to examine the relationship between servant leaders’ humility, active listening, and trust-building and employee engagement in U.S. private financial organizations. The servant leadership theory of serving followers and the social exchange theory of reciprocity grounded this study. Using simple random sampling, the participants comprised190 employees from private financial organizations in the United States. They completed the Servant Leadership Scale-7; Servant Leadership Assessment Instrument factors 6 and 7; the hearing, understanding, remembering, interpreting, evaluating, and responding (HURIER) …


Chatgpt In Campus Life: Exploring Adoption Through Theory Of Planned Behavior And Trust Dynamics", Mamta Brahmbhatt Prof. (Dr.), Ravi Rajai Dr. Nov 2025

Chatgpt In Campus Life: Exploring Adoption Through Theory Of Planned Behavior And Trust Dynamics", Mamta Brahmbhatt Prof. (Dr.), Ravi Rajai Dr.

International Journal of Applied Management and Technology

ChatGPT, a sophisticated generative machine learning chatbot, has impressed users with its groundbreaking capabilities, showcasing improved conversational skills and exceptional professional knowledge and contextual awareness. A plethora of scholars is investigating ChatGPT via various technology adoption frameworks, including the theory of planned behavior. The current study seeks to augment existing knowledge by investigating the behavioral intention to use ChatGPT for academic purposes, utilizing the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in conjunction with an additional variable of trust, while reassessing the formerly established associations among the components thereof within the framework of early technology adopters. The participants were students from several …


Telepsychiatry For Veterans Who Are Homeless, Vivian J. White Nov 2025

Telepsychiatry For Veterans Who Are Homeless, Vivian J. White

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This project was a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for mental health providers to expand telepsychiatry services to veterans who are homeless in a day treatment center. The practice problem was the lack of a standardized approach to increase access to mental health care. This CPG supports nurses in implementing evidence-based interventions to reduce mental health disparities and promote equitable care delivery for veterans who are homeless. The guideline was aimed to ensure safe, effective, and coordinated mental health care through integration with interprofessional teams. The project question was: Does the evidence support development of a CPG for provision of telepsychiatry …


Effective Strategies For Business Leaders Of Homeschool Consulting And Testing Services To Attract New Clients And Sustain Operations, Chartel Arnida Amos Nov 2025

Effective Strategies For Business Leaders Of Homeschool Consulting And Testing Services To Attract New Clients And Sustain Operations, Chartel Arnida Amos

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Business leaders of homeschool consulting and testing services are experiencing a critical challenge in attracting new clients, which threatens their ability to sustain operations. Grounded in the Baldrige excellence framework and the diffusion of innovation theory, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore effective strategies used by one business leader of a homeschool consulting and testing services organization in North Carolina to attract clients and sustain operations. Data sources included (a) semistructured interviews, (b) organizational archival records and documents, (c) public data such as reports and websites, and (d) literature including peer-reviewed articles and books. Findings …


The Lived Experience Of U.S. Law Enforcement Officers And The Challenges They Face While Investigating Sexual Assault Victim Reports, Ariekan Josephs-Greene Nov 2025

The Lived Experience Of U.S. Law Enforcement Officers And The Challenges They Face While Investigating Sexual Assault Victim Reports, Ariekan Josephs-Greene

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Sexual assault is a pervasively dangerous crime affecting persons of all ages, races, and genders, both in the United States and globally. Essential in the safeguarding of American citizens, U.S. law enforcement officers are among the first responders on scene to investigate reports of sexual assault claims. However, echoed in previous research are the sentiments of victim-survivors who experienced negative encounters with officers who exhibited an implicit lack of victim-centered training and were dismissive in their investigative approach. Consequently, this gap in the literature requires exploration; therefore, this study focuses on the lived experiences of U.S. law enforcement officers and …


Community-Based Counselors’ Preparedness For Providing Trauma-Informed Care, Lashaunda Smith Nov 2025

Community-Based Counselors’ Preparedness For Providing Trauma-Informed Care, Lashaunda Smith

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This constructivist grounded theory study examined how community-based mental health counselors perceive their preparedness to provide trauma-informed care. Guided by Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory, semistructured interviews were analyzed through coding and constant comparison to co-construct meaning around counselors’ lived experiences. This study explored how counselors define, develop, and sustain preparedness for trauma-informed care. The purpose was to generate an interpretive understanding of how counselors constructed meaning around their preparedness, including how training, supervision, and professional experiences shaped their ability to serve trauma-affected clients. Participants included 12 master’s-level licensed and pre-licensed community-based mental health counselors with experience serving trauma-affected clients. Findings …


Deprescription Of Benzodiazepine, Oji Gibson Nov 2025

Deprescription Of Benzodiazepine, Oji Gibson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Background: Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed for anxiety disorders; however, long-term use increases risks of dependence, cognitive impairment, falls, and overdose. Despite established guidelines recommending time-limited use, inappropriate chronic prescribing remains prevalent in primary care. Purpose: The purpose of this Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project was to develop and implement an evidence-based clinical practice guideline (CPG) to reduce benzodiazepine overprescribing for adults with anxiety disorders in a primary care setting. The goal was to improve prescriber adherence to current best practices and promote patient safety. Methods: This quality improvement project utilized the Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice Model to guide development, …


How Law Enforcement Officers’ Perceived Public And Self-Stigma Predicts Their Willingness To Seek Mental Health Services, Elizabeth Mae Mooney Nov 2025

How Law Enforcement Officers’ Perceived Public And Self-Stigma Predicts Their Willingness To Seek Mental Health Services, Elizabeth Mae Mooney

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The work of previous researchers has shown officers to have higher rates of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety, and suicidality than the public, and a lower rate of mental health service-seeking. Stigma, both public and self-stigma, has been revealed by previous researchers to be the predominant barrier that deters officers from seeking out needed and/or desired services. A gap in research existed in examining alternative service types, and whether law enforcement officers perceived these service types as more or less stigmatizing than traditional methods. This study employed a quantitative research design to predict the probability that law enforcement …


Experiences Of Formerly Incarcerated College Minority Men Criminalized For Behavioral Issues, Francine Zysk Nov 2025

Experiences Of Formerly Incarcerated College Minority Men Criminalized For Behavioral Issues, Francine Zysk

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The school-to-prison pipeline, where minority men experience decreased academic performance, higher truancy rates, and increased vulnerability to arrest, persists in the United States. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how systemic racism is experienced by formerly incarcerated, college-educated Black men who were criminalized for behavioral issues that contributed to their incarceration. The research problem was a lack of knowledge of the experiences of educational environments and disciplinary systems that perpetuate racialized behavioral labeling and contribute to the school-to-prison pipeline. Grounded in the theoretical framework of institutional racism, the study featured a constructivist paradigm to capture participants' experiences. …