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Predictors Of Condom Use Among High School Students In North Carolina, Danielle Cierra Robinson Jan 2020

Predictors Of Condom Use Among High School Students In North Carolina, Danielle Cierra Robinson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The spread of sexually transmitted diseases is a major ongoing public health issue in North Carolina. Adolescents between the ages of 13 and 19 years have consistently contributed to this trend. Researchers have found that condom use among high school students has decreased. High school students continue to engage in sex with multiple partners, with lack of knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases, even though sex education and prevention programs have been recommended. The purpose of this quantitative study was to evaluate the predictors of condom use among adolescents. The socioecological model theoretical framework was applied to guide this research involving …

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Obesity And Overweightness Among African-American Adolescent Population And Health-Related Quality Of Life, Emmanuel Anene Jan 2020

Obesity And Overweightness Among African-American Adolescent Population And Health-Related Quality Of Life, Emmanuel Anene

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity and overweightness are a significant public health problem and a risk factor for many chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to find the associations between gender, race, physical activity, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among obese and overweight African American adolescents aged 12 to 19 years. An improved understanding of the health issues could help this population live a longer quality life and prevent serious health implications in adulthood. A quantitative approach with a sample size of 331 was used. The control variables were age and household income, the dependent variable was HRQOL, and the independent …

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Leadership And End-Of-Life Planning Among Elderly Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease, Elizabeth R. Armstrong-Fears Jan 2020

Leadership And End-Of-Life Planning Among Elderly Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease, Elizabeth R. Armstrong-Fears

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

More than 8-million people in the United States possess no kidney function. The purpose of this quantitative casual-comparative research study is to examine the relationship between ethnicity status of African American and European American patients suffering from end-stage renal disease, and advanced care planning and end-of-life decision-making among patients who are 55 years of age and older. The health belief model is the selected explanatory framework used to examine (a) whether ethnicity status is a significant predictor of whether decedents had written end-of-life care instructions, (b) whether ethnicity status is a significant predictor of whether treatment decisions were made, and …

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The Lived Experience Of Child Marriage And Its Health Effects Among Young Mothers In Nigeria, Anastasia Iliwo Ashi Jan 2020

The Lived Experience Of Child Marriage And Its Health Effects Among Young Mothers In Nigeria, Anastasia Iliwo Ashi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Child marriage has life-threatening implications for the mental, physical, and psychological development of the girl-child. In Sub-Saharan Africa, and other resource poor settings, child brides and very young mothers undergo various negative experiences including economic hardship and health challenges such as obstetric fistulas, birth complications, and even death. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the lived experiences of child marriage and its effect on maternal health among young mothers in Nigeria. The social ecological model provided the conceptual framework for this study. Ten young women ages 18-24 years who had been child brides when age 12-16 years …

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Administrators’ Roles And Practices In The Implementation Of Positive Behavioral Interventions, Frances Correa-Phelps Jan 2020

Administrators’ Roles And Practices In The Implementation Of Positive Behavioral Interventions, Frances Correa-Phelps

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Positive behavior intervention support is a behavioral approach that was implemented in the early 2000s across the United States to assist educators in addressing the behavioral concerns of students with special needs. Since its implementation, it has been used to assist students at all levels with emotional and behavioral needs to achieve academic success in over 20,000 schools. However, there was a reported lack of administrative support and insufficient understanding regarding administrators’ roles in the process. The purpose of this basic interpretive qualitative study was to examine administrators’ roles and decision-making practices in implementation of the behavioral intervention approach across …

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Managing Energy As Experienced By Female Federal Senior Managers, Gwendolyn Jones Crimiel Jan 2020

Managing Energy As Experienced By Female Federal Senior Managers, Gwendolyn Jones Crimiel

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Senior managers experience a drain on personal energy while trying to meet the demands of work. The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to explore how female senior managers describe lived experiences of managing and renewing personal energy while at work. The theoretical framework included conservation of resources theory and effort recovery theory. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with 14 female senior managers who experienced managing and renewing their personal energy at work. Data analysis involved coding to capture the essence of the experiences and to identify common themes. Findings indicated that insufficient energy affected participants’ mental and …

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Single Mothers’ Perceptions Of Police Encounters And Effectiveness Related To Youth Gun Violence, Janay M. Gasparini Jan 2020

Single Mothers’ Perceptions Of Police Encounters And Effectiveness Related To Youth Gun Violence, Janay M. Gasparini

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Single mothers and their children residing in high-crime communities (HCCs) in the United States are disproportionately exposed to crime, and therefore, the criminal justice system. Specific challenges of single motherhood in HCCs compound the link between juvenile offending and single-female-headed households. Little is known, however, about how single mothers in HCCs perceive and use the police as a resource to help prevent juvenile offending, specifically gun violence. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of single mothers with police as they related to the arrest of their children for a gun crime. The research questions focused …

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Predictors Of Hiv Testing Among African American Men Who Have Sex With Men, Jeanette Marie Higgins Jan 2020

Predictors Of Hiv Testing Among African American Men Who Have Sex With Men, Jeanette Marie Higgins

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections affect more than 1.2 million people living in the United States and disproportionately affect African Americans (AA) men who have sex with men (MSM). The numbers of those who have HIV infections are likely higher due to lack of HIV testing by all individuals living at risk for HIV in the United States. Prior research has been inconclusive in determining the exact cause of the disparity among AA MSM. Therefore, the purpose of this quantitative secondary data study was to explore barriers to HIV testing within the AA MSM population. The sample for this study …

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Case Analysis Of Acute Care Guidelines For The Prevention Of Pressure Ulcers, Carle Ray Jan 2020

Case Analysis Of Acute Care Guidelines For The Prevention Of Pressure Ulcers, Carle Ray

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Prevention of pressure ulcers (PUs) in acute care settings is an attempt to avoid adverse events (AE). Literature shows that wounds such as PUs are the most prevalent complication for spinal cord injury patients (SCI) including quadriplegic individuals (QI). SCI and QI bring important pressure ulcer (PU) prevention knowledge to the hospital which involves teamwork and participation by nurses, organizations, and patients. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the effectiveness of acute care guidelines for PUs by drawing insights from multiple sources including interviews with QI, healthcare clinicians, care providers, family members, and an online search of …

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Exploring Teacher Confidence Using Behavioral Interventions In The Classroom, Etoile Denise Swift Jan 2020

Exploring Teacher Confidence Using Behavioral Interventions In The Classroom, Etoile Denise Swift

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The original purpose of this study was to conduct a quantitative quasi-experimental study to compare a treatment group of teachers with training in the cognitive behavioral ABC model to a control group and examine differences in the average count of referrals to school counselors for students who exhibited disruptive behaviors. However, due to lack of participation, this study examined teacher perceptions of their confidence to use behavioral interventions with students who are disruptive in the classroom and the relationship to the number of referrals teachers made to the school counselor. This study included 99 teachers from pre-K through 12th grade …

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Socio-Economic Determinants Of Risky Sexual Behavior In Sub-Saharan Africa, Frida Tende Jan 2020

Socio-Economic Determinants Of Risky Sexual Behavior In Sub-Saharan Africa, Frida Tende

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Risky sexual behavior (RSB) is a major public health concern due to health outcomes, such as HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted infections, and unwanted pregnancies. RSB has been identified as 1 of the main components contributing to the high HIV incidence rate in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of the current research was to investigate RSB and its association with education and economic status among men and women in 3 sub-Saharan African countries (i.e., Rwanda, Zimbabwe, and Cameroon) while controlling for gender, age, religion, and place of residence. The social cognitive theory provided the framework for this cross-sectional study that included data from …

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Meat-Eating Justification And Relationship Closeness With Vegetarian Family, Friends, And Romantic Partners, Amy Vandehei Jan 2020

Meat-Eating Justification And Relationship Closeness With Vegetarian Family, Friends, And Romantic Partners, Amy Vandehei

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Omnivores often respond negatively when friends, family members, or romantic partners disclose adoption of a vegetarian/vegan diet. Examining the beliefs behind these negative responses could result in improved relationships between omnivores and vegetarians. This study examined whether the beliefs omnivores hold to justify meat-eating are related to relationship closeness. The theory of planned behavior provided a foundation with which to examine the attitudes omnivores have about meat consumption. A survey was used with 190 omnivores with existing friend, family member, or romantic partner relationships who had become vegetarian/vegan. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the extent to which meat-eating …

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Nurse Practitioner Approach To Care For Peripheral Vascular Disease, Jessica R. Wozniak Jan 2020

Nurse Practitioner Approach To Care For Peripheral Vascular Disease, Jessica R. Wozniak

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The Amputation Coalition indicates that there were approximately 2 million people with limb loss in the United States primarily caused by peripheral vascular disease in 2019. Those with amputation related to vascular disease have a 5-year mortality rate. The gap in clinical practice at the facility used for this project is that there were no comprehensive program guidelines for nurse practitioners and other health care professionals working with people who are at risk for vascular intervention or limb loss. The practice-focused question was answered that an interprofessional team did develop a prototype for a comprehensive peripheral vascular program that serves …

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Association Between Obesity, Socioeconomics, Mental Illness, And Education In Native American Communities, Darrell D. Wright Jan 2020

Association Between Obesity, Socioeconomics, Mental Illness, And Education In Native American Communities, Darrell D. Wright

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity is a profound health epidemic that adversely affects the health of all ethnicities. This growing health crisis has been found to be linked to several chronic diseases such as stroke, diabetes, and several forms of cancer. As in Native American populations, increased morbidity and mortality rates associated with obesity prevalence in minority populations has been linked to variables such as income, education, mental illness, and age. The purpose of this research was to examine the association of obesity with socioeconomic status, education, mental illness, and age in Native American populations. The theoretical framework used in this study was based …

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The Impact Of Dietary Intake On Mortality Risk In Colorectal Cancer Survivors, Ellen Chow Jan 2020

The Impact Of Dietary Intake On Mortality Risk In Colorectal Cancer Survivors, Ellen Chow

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The colorectal cancer (CRC) survivor population is increasing in the United States. The lack of effective dietary recommendations in recurrence prevention undermines the health-related quality of life of survivors. Grounded in the socioecological model, dietary behavior is a personal-level risk factor that individuals may control. This study investigated the CRC-specific mortality risk as predicted by diet quality, dietary fiber intake, and dietary fat intake in hope of contributing to future dietary recommendations. A secondary analysis using data from 1,166 CRC survivors in the Multiethnic Cohort Study was analyzed via Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate mortality risk. Results from …

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Prostate Cancer Screening Intention Among African American Males Ages 40 To 65 Years, Paul L. Johnson Jan 2020

Prostate Cancer Screening Intention Among African American Males Ages 40 To 65 Years, Paul L. Johnson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

African American men are at a higher risk of developing and dying from prostate cancer (PCa) compared with any other race or ethnic group. Despite prostate cancer screening (PCS) recommendations, African American men are less likely to be screened for PCa compared with any other race or ethnic group. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence the intentions of African American men to obtain a PCS. A nonexperimental cross-sectional research design was used to identify factors associated with the intention to obtain PCS. The theoretical framework for the study was the social-ecological model which posits that …

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Historical Trauma, Contemporary Trauma, And Type-2 Diabetes Self-Management Among American Indian/Alaska Native Women, Dorothy Ruth Jolley Jan 2020

Historical Trauma, Contemporary Trauma, And Type-2 Diabetes Self-Management Among American Indian/Alaska Native Women, Dorothy Ruth Jolley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Endemic Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading causes of mortality among American Indian/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). Trauma and stress have been shown to impact the progression of diabetes that could negatively impact health-related behaviors. Previous studies have not examined the relationship between historical and contemporary trauma and T2DM self-management among AI/AN women. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between historical loss, historical loss associated symptoms, stressful life events, microaggressions (microinsults and microinvalidations), and T2DM self-management (glucose management, dietary control, physical activity, healthcare use) among AI/AN women with diabetes. Historical trauma theory was the basis …

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Staff Engagement And Training In Supported Addiction Recovery Program For Adults With Intellectual Disabilities, Hannah Carlson Jurewicz Jan 2020

Staff Engagement And Training In Supported Addiction Recovery Program For Adults With Intellectual Disabilities, Hannah Carlson Jurewicz

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) is similar among individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities (ID/DD) and the general population, yet there is a disparity between treatment and outcomes for these two groups due to a lack of appropriately adapted treatment and staff training. The purpose of this case study was to examine how leaders in a behavioral health organization understand the engagement and training experience for staff who provide substance abuse treatment for individuals with ID/DD. Governance and operational data were collected and analyzed from internal archival sources and organizational leader interviews. Themes identified from coding indicated that …

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Impact Of Chlorpyrifos Exposure On Colorectal Cancer In Agricultural Communities In Ohio, Vicky Knisley-Henry Jan 2020

Impact Of Chlorpyrifos Exposure On Colorectal Cancer In Agricultural Communities In Ohio, Vicky Knisley-Henry

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cancer diagnosis in the United States, and second in Ohio, for both men and women. In 2019, there were an estimated 145,000 cases of new CRC diagnoses and will lead to more than 50,000 deaths. Results from a systematic review indicate that chlorpyrifos use in agriculture is linked to the incidence of breast and lung cancers and has a possible association with CRC. Grounded in the social-ecological model, this study investigated the association between exposure to chlorpyrifos and CRC rates in agricultural communities in Ohio. The quantitative cohort design method utilized secondary data …

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Obesity, Snoring, Sleep Apnea, And Coronary Heart Disease, Maryam Khalilah Muhammad Jan 2020

Obesity, Snoring, Sleep Apnea, And Coronary Heart Disease, Maryam Khalilah Muhammad

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a significant public health issue that affects communities across all socioeconomic and demographic groups. Risk factors for CHD include sleep apnea and snoring. Obesity with short sleep duration also places individuals at higher risk for CHD. Although limited research has been conducted on CHD and its relationship to obesity, sleep apnea, and snoring as individual risk factors for CHD, a gap exists as these factors had not been studied as paired in this study. The purpose of this quantitative, cross sectional study was to determine if a significant relationship existed between obesity, snoring, sleep apnea, …

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Factors Associated With Hepatitis B Vaccination Among Asian Adults (≥ 18 Years) In The United States., Naana Abena Ohemeng-Tinyase Jan 2020

Factors Associated With Hepatitis B Vaccination Among Asian Adults (≥ 18 Years) In The United States., Naana Abena Ohemeng-Tinyase

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In the United States, hepatitis B disproportionately affects Asian and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs). Hepatitis B related liver cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among Asian Americans. Despite the proven significant economic, health, and social effect of hepatitis B virus, immunization rates remain low. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between sociodemographic factors (age, marital status, gender, work experiences), health status factors (chronic disease, nonchronic disease), health behavior factors (smoking, alcohol intake, tobacco use, physical activity), and hepatitis B vaccination among Asian adults (≥ 18 years) in the United States. The main theory that frames …

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Reported Literacy Engagement Among Low-Income Parents And Their Children., Olugemi Ojo Jan 2020

Reported Literacy Engagement Among Low-Income Parents And Their Children., Olugemi Ojo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Little is known about literacy engagement between low-income parents and their preschool children, although it may affect children's language development and later school achievement. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine shared reading interactions among low-income parents and their children. The research questions addressed the lexical diversity of books read and the shared book reading experience of preschool children as reported by their low-income parents. The conceptual framework was based on the work of Hart and Risley, who proposed that the extent and value of literacy environment and collaboration during shared book reading are linked to the socioeconomic …

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Education To Improve Health For Rural Africa American Women With Diabetes, Monique Deidre Pendleton Jan 2020

Education To Improve Health For Rural Africa American Women With Diabetes, Monique Deidre Pendleton

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Diabetes (DM) is the 7th leading cause of death in the United States. Minorities like Hispanics and African Americans (AA) are at greater risk of developing DM. The prevalence and outcomes affecting diabetes are attributed to socioeconomic status, sex differences, ethnic, cultural, and religious status. Diabetes-related mortality is a major health problem in AA in rural America. The focus for this project was to identify the best evidence regarding educational counseling on lifestyle modifications that positively impact adult AA women with diabetes living in Rural America. The social-ecological theory and health belief model informed this project because these models incorporate …

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Parental Characteristics And Lead Knowledge In The Minimization Of Environmental Lead Exposure, Trina Yvette Redford Jan 2020

Parental Characteristics And Lead Knowledge In The Minimization Of Environmental Lead Exposure, Trina Yvette Redford

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A method for guiding lead intervention and minimizing lead exposures in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (PA) is through understanding the relationship between lead knowledge and parental characteristics such as gender, age, income, marital status, and education attainment. Parental characteristic may play a significant role in the identification of population groups where knowledge pertaining to lead exposure is inadequate. Through awareness and intervention, preventive measures can be implemented to minimize and eliminate lead exposure. The theoretical concept used in this quantitative study was Krieger ecosocial theory. The ecosocial theory provides guidance and analyzes differences in existing health relationships, especially those with biological and …

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The Perceptions And Experiences Of Clinical Caseworkers In Promoting Pregnancy Prevention In Foster Youth, Ruby Ann Stroman Jan 2020

The Perceptions And Experiences Of Clinical Caseworkers In Promoting Pregnancy Prevention In Foster Youth, Ruby Ann Stroman

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Teen pregnancy prevention has been a focus for clinical and medical professionals for many years now, and it is an extensively documented social issue, especially in the foster care system. In an effort to promote pregnancy prevention, clinical caseworkers who work with foster youth educate at-risk youth in regards to the difficulties that can be experienced as a result of teen pregnancy. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of clinical caseworkers as they promoted pregnancy prevention in foster care youth. The 6 purposefully selected respondents were all clinical caseworkers. The study used …

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Exploring The Strategies For Sustaining Small- To Medium-Scale Enterprises, Kingsley Onochie Umadia Jan 2020

Exploring The Strategies For Sustaining Small- To Medium-Scale Enterprises, Kingsley Onochie Umadia

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The lack of development and the continued survival of small- to medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) poses a challenge to SME practices in Nigeria. Using sustainability theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore the strategies that leaders use in sustaining SMEs in Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria. Ten SME leaders from the manufacturing sector, trading services, education, oil and gas service companies, and financial services sector provided comments during the interviews that addressed the research question. Data were analyzed by transcription, coding, categorizing and analysis of participants' responses using member checking. From the themes that emerged from the study, …

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Quality Of Life, Physical Activity, And Weight Status For A Sample Of Online Students, Walaa Awad Jan 2020

Quality Of Life, Physical Activity, And Weight Status For A Sample Of Online Students, Walaa Awad

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity has been identified as a global health problem and a risk factor for many chronic diseases. While previous studies discussed the weight status and factors associated with overweight and obesity among adults enrolled in traditional universities, few studies have yet estimated the obesity rate among adults who choose online education. Guided by the social cognitive theory, this descriptive exploratory quantitative study used a survey to collect primary data from adult online students of three higher educational institutions. The survey examined the effect of quality of life and physical activity level on the weight status of the participants; taking into …

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Urban High School Principals' Leadership Practices And Academic Progress For At-Risk Students, Mary Delouise Duhart-Toppen Jan 2020

Urban High School Principals' Leadership Practices And Academic Progress For At-Risk Students, Mary Delouise Duhart-Toppen

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Researchers have shown that principals are vital to improving student academic achievement. Urban principals often face significant challenges in their environments and have large populations of at-risk students. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore and describe the perceptions of urban high school principals regarding the type of leadership practices needed to support the academic progress of at-risk students. Elements from transformational leadership, transformative leadership, and effective leadership practices informed the conceptual framework. Research questions addressed how principals described and perceived the practices, processes, and procedures used to create environments that support students in urban high schools …

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Racial Disparities In Periconceptual Folic Acid Levels, Kelvin Gibson Jan 2020

Racial Disparities In Periconceptual Folic Acid Levels, Kelvin Gibson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Periconceptional folate level deficiencies are associated with birth defects of the brain and spinal cord, posing a significant public health problem. In 2009, Black and Hispanic women exhibited lower periconceptual folate levels and higher rates of folate-related birth defects compared with non-Hispanic White women, prior to enactment of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010. It is not known if improved access to prenatal care under the ACA narrowed the gap in mean periconceptual folate levels between non-Hispanic White, Black, and Hispanic women between 2009 and 2017. The purpose of this causal-comparative cross-sectional quantitative study was to determine whether there …

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Nonprofits’ Financial Health And Healthy People 2020 California Program Outcomes, Tammie Vanessa Johnson-Lozolla Jan 2020

Nonprofits’ Financial Health And Healthy People 2020 California Program Outcomes, Tammie Vanessa Johnson-Lozolla

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) are essential for implementing U.S. health promotion policies such as the Healthy People 2020 Nutrition and Weight Status 9, 10.4, and 15.1 program goals. Obtaining and sustaining NPO funding are pervasive problems. Prior research has focused primarily on NPO financial measures without taking into consideration a conjoint assessment of program outcomes connected to their primary mission. This study examined the influence of financial, accountability, and transparency measures on a selection of California NPOs whose program goals focused on Healthy People 2020 nutritional outcomes. Using Mohr’s program theory lens, this quantitative study examined financial strategies and administrative components …

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