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Strategies To Streamline Patient Appointments In Specialty Outpatient Care, Adama Drammeh
Strategies To Streamline Patient Appointments In Specialty Outpatient Care, Adama Drammeh
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Abstract Outpatient addiction treatment centers face significant challenges from inefficient appointment scheduling systems that contribute to high no-show rates, delayed care, and weakened organizational performance. These barriers affect more than daily operations; they disrupt the flow of treatment, increase patient disengagement, and place additional strain on limited healthcare resources. For patients navigating substance use disorders, a missed appointment may jeopardize continuity of care and undermine recovery efforts. This integrative review explored strategies to improve scheduling efficiency and enhance patient engagement in outpatient addiction care. A systematic search of recent U.S. studies was conducted and appraised using the Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based …
Educator Experiences With Implementing Every Student Succeeds Act Equity Mandates For Students With Autism, Jameelah S. Lewis
Educator Experiences With Implementing Every Student Succeeds Act Equity Mandates For Students With Autism, Jameelah S. Lewis
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Educating students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in under resourced schools remains a persistent equity concern in the United States. This study addressed a gap in the existing research, as prior studies have examined special education policy and school-level implementation challenges, but few have explored the experiences of general education teachers implementing inclusion in low-socioeconomic public schools. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to explore the barriers general education teachers encounter in providing equitable education and their recommendations for improving inclusion. The study was guided by Ingram and Schneider’s (1993) social construction theory, which explains how marginalized groups …
Assessing Health Literacy In Somali Women Living In The United States With Hypertension, Tawanna Morris
Assessing Health Literacy In Somali Women Living In The United States With Hypertension, Tawanna Morris
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Health literacy (HL) remains a critical public health concern, particularly among immigrant populations. This qualitative study explored how low health literacy relates to hypertension (HTN) management among Somali immigrant women. Low HL and chronic conditions such as HTN continue to affect this group disproportionately, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. Guided by the Health Belief Model, this research examined Somali immigrant women’s perceptions of HL, how literacy levels influence hypertension management, and the barriers they encounter when managing their condition. Five Somali immigrant women who met the criteria participated in semi-structured interviews. All spoke English, were at least 18 years …
Elementary Reading Teachers’ Experiences Implementing Individualized Instruction, Laura E. Ellis
Elementary Reading Teachers’ Experiences Implementing Individualized Instruction, Laura E. Ellis
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Second-grade through fourth-grade teachers face challenges associated with implementing individualized reading instruction to address learning differences. A deeper understanding of teachers’ experiences can help inform future educational policies targeting educators who instruct struggling readers. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of elementary reading teachers who use individualized instruction to support diverse learners. The study was grounded in Tomlinson’s model of differentiated instruction, which served as the guiding conceptual framework. Using a basic qualitative design, this study’s central research question explored elementary teachers’ experiences with individualized instructional practices. Data were collected through open-ended semistructured interviews with …
Multigenerational Teachers And Staff Experiences, Perceptions, And Preferences On Organizational Change Communication In Schools, Chrystal Louise Fields
Multigenerational Teachers And Staff Experiences, Perceptions, And Preferences On Organizational Change Communication In Schools, Chrystal Louise Fields
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Organizational leaders’ failure to adopt effective change communication strategies in schools exacerbates teacher and staff shortages, compounding factors that undermine student outcomes and overall school effectiveness. Multigenerational teachers and staff must understand change communication strategies as a leading indicator of unsuccessful workforce and organizational change in schools. Grounded in social constructivist theory and conceptually informed by Goffman’s frame analysis, the purpose of this qualitative descriptive case study was to explore how multigenerational teachers and staff experience change communication as recipients and agents of change in schools. The participants consisted of 16 multigenerational teachers and staff members across four generations from …
Faculty Perceptions Of Efforts To Address The Underrepresentation Of Minority Full-Time Faculty In U.S. Nursing Programs, Akua Oxendine
Faculty Perceptions Of Efforts To Address The Underrepresentation Of Minority Full-Time Faculty In U.S. Nursing Programs, Akua Oxendine
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The problem for this study is that, despite longstanding efforts to promote diversity in higher education, faculty from racial and ethnic minorities remain underrepresented in nursing programs in the United States. Guided by critical race theory, the purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore nursing faculty perceptions of the effectiveness and challenges of institutional efforts to address underrepresentation. Using purposive sampling, 12 nursing faculty members with knowledge of or experience with diversity initiatives were recruited as participants. Data were collected through semistructured interviews. Through a six-phase thematic analysis, nursing faculty identified five critical insights: (a) diversity messaging often …
Secondary Teachers’ Instructional Strategies And Challenges In Teaching English Language Learners In Mississippi, Megan Cara Morgan
Secondary Teachers’ Instructional Strategies And Challenges In Teaching English Language Learners In Mississippi, Megan Cara Morgan
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Mainstream high school teachers in a district in the state of Mississippi have struggled to consistently implement research-based strategies that address the needs of English Language Learners (ELLs). Guided by Echevarría et al.’s sheltered instruction observation protocol (SIOP), the purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore the instructional practices implemented by mainstream high school teachers at a Title I high school in a Mississippi district that are aligned with research-based practices and the challenges they reported in improving ELL student achievement in mainstream classrooms. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with nine teachers from a Title I high …
Tensions And Transformations: Equity, Diversity, And Inclusion In A Diverse Urban School Division, Lesley Eblie Trudel, Kishi Anderson Leachman, Wayne Davies
Tensions And Transformations: Equity, Diversity, And Inclusion In A Diverse Urban School Division, Lesley Eblie Trudel, Kishi Anderson Leachman, Wayne Davies
Journal of Educational Research and Practice
This study examines how equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) are understood and implemented within a large, diverse, urban school division in Canada. Using a mixed-methods approach and grounded in theoretical perspectives, including critical race theory, intersectionality, the ecology of inclusive education, and collective efficacy theory, we gathered insights from surveys and focus groups with educators, administrators, clinicians, educational assistants, caregivers, and students. Findings suggest that, while support for EDI is broad, the implementation is inconsistent and shaped by systemic barriers, resource constraints, and unclear leadership. We highlight the need for shared language, coordinated supports, and ongoing professional learning and instructional …
Younger African American Men’S Beliefs And Attitudes Toward Prostate Cancer Screening, Linda Teemer-Baker
Younger African American Men’S Beliefs And Attitudes Toward Prostate Cancer Screening, Linda Teemer-Baker
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Prostate cancer screening has been a focus of scholars since the late 20th century, as researchers have sought to address persistent disparities in early detection and mortality rates among African American men. Researchers have demonstrated that cultural beliefs, mistrust of the medical system, and limited access to healthcare significantly influence prostate cancer screening behaviors within this population. However, researchers have yet to establish how younger African American men specifically interpret prostate cancer risk and how their beliefs and attitudes shape decisions regarding screening participation. The purpose of this study was to explore the beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes of younger African …
Novice Teacher Voice Of Preservice Preparation To Support Low-Ses Students, Edna Richardson Richardson Billingsley
Novice Teacher Voice Of Preservice Preparation To Support Low-Ses Students, Edna Richardson Richardson Billingsley
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The problem that was addressed through this study was that there is a gap in the literature about the preparation of mid to lower elementary novice teachers to teach students with low-socioeconomic status (low-SES) in several districts throughout the Southern United States. Grounded in social justice theory, the purpose of the basic qualitative design was to explore lower to middle elementary teachers' perceptions on their preservice preparation to teach low-SES students. For this basic qualitative design, 12 novice teachers participated in semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis with the following three top themes emerging: (a) poor preparation towards …
Impact Of Staff Education On Cultural Competency Knowledge And Skills, Okechukwu Cyril Akunwafor
Impact Of Staff Education On Cultural Competency Knowledge And Skills, Okechukwu Cyril Akunwafor
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Summary The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project involved implementing a cultural competency staff education program at an outpatient mental health clinic. The identified practice problem was poor cultural competence practices knowledge among staff, resulting in poor patient engagement and a low patient satisfaction rate. Improving cultural competency in nursing practice was necessary to facilitate therapeutic trust, increase patient treatment adherence, and enhance staff compliance with Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS). The practice-focused question guiding the DNP project was: Does implementing staff education impact their knowledge of cultural competence and confidence in adhering to CLAS? Data were collected through …
Enhancing Ptsd Diagnostic Accuracy Among Immigrant Patients Through Staff Education On The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, Elijah Machogu Mabururu
Enhancing Ptsd Diagnostic Accuracy Among Immigrant Patients Through Staff Education On The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, Elijah Machogu Mabururu
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
This doctor of nursing practice (DNP) project is a staff education initiative addressing the underdiagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among immigrant patients. The project was developed in response to inconsistent screening practices, lack of standardized tools, and limited provider confidence in assessing PTSD in culturally diverse populations. The purpose is to equip clinical staff with the knowledge and skills to apply the HTQ appropriately and consistently, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy and supporting equitable access to mental healthcare. The practice-focused question guiding this project was: Can an educational intervention using the HTQ improve staff’s ability to identify PTSD symptoms among …
Staff Education On Cancer-Related Fatigue Assessments, Tamira Walker
Staff Education On Cancer-Related Fatigue Assessments, Tamira Walker
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
A staff education DNP project was designed and implemented with a focus on the analysis, synthesis, and application of best practices to enhance staff knowledge and performance through targeted education on fatigue assessments in cancer care. The project sought to answer the question: Does oncology nurse staff education increase knowledge of fatigue assessments in patients with cancer as compared pre to post education? The purpose of this project was to address a knowledge deficit by increasing staff knowledge on fatigue assessment in an ambulatory care setting by recognizing that cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a complex, multifactorial symptom that often goes …
Understanding The Barriers And Challenges Of Spanish-Speaking Latinos Who Received Calaim Initiative Social Support Services, Jessica De Lara Vallejo
Understanding The Barriers And Challenges Of Spanish-Speaking Latinos Who Received Calaim Initiative Social Support Services, Jessica De Lara Vallejo
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Spanish-speaking Latinos continue to face significant barriers when attempting to access social support services through healthcare initiatives such as California Advancing and Innovating Medi-Cal (CalAIM). Despite previous efforts to address this issue, this population continues to encounter barriers such as systemic discrimination, language barriers, and limited access to culturally responsive care. This qualitative study was guided by the consolidated framework for implementation research and used an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach to explore the lived experiences of Spanish-speaking Latino parents whose children received CalAIM asthma home remediation (AHR) services. The purpose of this study was to understand the barriers and challenges …
Perspectives Of Therapists Treating First Responders On The Role Of Peer Support In Psychological Recovery And Development Of Ptsd Symptoms, Audrey Ramos
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
First responders face an increased risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to repeated exposure to traumatic events. While traditional treatments like cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication remain standard, peer support has become a supplementary strategy. However, limited research has investigated how licensed therapists view the role of peer support in clinical care. Therapists’ perspectives on the effectiveness, limitations, and integration of peer support in first responder PTSD recovery were explored in this qualitative, phenomenological study. Guided by Lazarus and Folkman’s transactional model of stress and coping and Masten’s resilience theory, how peer support serves as both a coping mechanism and …
Perceptions Of Academic Success Among African American Male High School Graduates In Urban Areas, Anthony Bourne
Perceptions Of Academic Success Among African American Male High School Graduates In Urban Areas, Anthony Bourne
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
African American males encounter more severe penalties, academic under-performance, and lower graduation rates compared to their Caucasian male counterparts. Numerous studies have delved into and elucidated the schooling experiences of African American male students from various perspectives, encompassing cultural, structural, racial, community, family, and school viewpoints. However, there remains a scarcity of voices documenting the experiences of African American males who have successfully completed high school in urban settings. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to examine the schooling experiences of African American males who graduated from high schools located in urban settings. The Critical Race Theory and …
Executive Summary: Quality Improvement Initiative Enhancing Early Identification Of Adolescent Depression And Anxiety, Delphine Sirri
Executive Summary: Quality Improvement Initiative Enhancing Early Identification Of Adolescent Depression And Anxiety, Delphine Sirri
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Universal staff training to increase the validity and reliability of adolescent mental health screening was implemented in this quality improvement (QI) initiative. Depression and anxiety disorders often emerge between ages 12 and 17, yet evidence-based screening measures such as the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9/PHQ-9M) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) are underutilized due to provider knowledge gaps, workflow inefficiencies, and cultural barriers. Guided by the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice (JHNEBP) model, the project evaluated whether structured staff education improved early identification and diagnosis of adolescent depression and anxiety compared to routine practice. In workshops, web-based learning modules, case simulations, and …
Development Of An Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline For A Comprehensive Care Partner Program For Postpartum Women, Abibat Yusuff
Development Of An Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline For A Comprehensive Care Partner Program For Postpartum Women, Abibat Yusuff
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
This doctoral project focuses on the development of a clinical practice guideline (CPG) aimed at addressing a critical gap in postpartum care, particularly postpartum depression (PPD), inconsistent follow-up, and low breastfeeding continuation rates, which disproportionately affect African American women and other underserved populations. These gaps contribute to preventable morbidity, poor maternal experiences, and health inequities, making this issue a priority for nursing and public health. The guiding practice-focused question asked if an interdisciplinary team would achieve consensus on a clinical practice guideline for the development of a comprehensive care partner program for postpartum women. Analytical strategies included a systematic evidence …
Executive Leadership System Improvement: System- Level Program To Improve Care For Type-Ii Diabetic Patients, Jane Chukwura
Executive Leadership System Improvement: System- Level Program To Improve Care For Type-Ii Diabetic Patients, Jane Chukwura
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The DNP Scholarly Project presents the Diabetes Interprofessional Management Program, an organization-wide, logic-model–driven initiative to improve glycemic control, empower self-management, and advance health equity for adults with type II diabetes. The project leverages an interprofessional team, targeted training, culturally tailored education, health technology tools, and community partnerships to translate resources into team-based care, personalized plans, self-management support, and continuous education, with outputs including trained staff, engaged patients, and standardized care protocols. Short-term outcomes center on reduced mean HbA1c, more patients achieving HbA1c <7%, and widespread adoption of evidence-based pathways with standardized testing cadences. Long-term outcomes focus on fewer complications, higher patient satisfaction, and reduced disparities through the expansion of Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) and culturally appropriate resources, underpinned by robust data governance. The evaluation and implementation plan measures clinical outcomes, patient experience, and equity over 0–24 months, using formative metrics (workflow deployment, training, testing timeliness, DSME referrals, portal use) and summative metrics (HbA1c changes, HbA1c <7% at 12 months, hospitalizations, complications, knowledge and quality of life, equity indicators, and ROI). Governance features a Data Steering Subcommittee and quarterly dashboards. Deliverables include standardized protocols, DSME curricula, EHR workflows, training, and a scalable, sustainable model for broader deployment.
Increasing Knowledge And Awareness Of Cultural Competency Among Providers, Veronica Rodriguez
Increasing Knowledge And Awareness Of Cultural Competency Among Providers, Veronica Rodriguez
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
In today’s challenging healthcare environment, coupled with increasing global migration, healthcare delivery has become more diverse, and providers must deliver high-quality, patient-centered care across diverse populations. Cultural competency, the ability to understand and effectively interact with patients from diverse backgrounds, is essential for reducing health disparities, improving patient satisfaction, and enhancing health outcomes. However, many providers struggle to integrate these practices into daily care due to limited or inconsistent knowledge on applying these concepts in real-world settings. Thus, the purpose of this Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project was to determine whether an educational intervention focused on cultural competency increased …
An Affinity For Alignment: Spontaneous Convergence Of Stance-Taking In Topical Conversations, Carmen Tu, Stacey Zoutis, Steven Brown
An Affinity For Alignment: Spontaneous Convergence Of Stance-Taking In Topical Conversations, Carmen Tu, Stacey Zoutis, Steven Brown
Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences
Alignment in stance-taking is a foundational behavior in conversation, but few studies have quantified the degree to which conversationalists converge in their attitudes toward a topic. We attempted to quantify this convergence in terms of three parameters related to alignment: intensity (low to high), prevalence (percentage of time in alignment), and content (use of open-ended versus closed-ended statements). To examine the utility of these parameters, we compared the content of conversations between unacquainted dyads in either a free conversation condition or a topical condition in which the individuals were mismatched for their attitude toward the topic to maximize disalignment between …
The Process Of Enduring Prolonged Undiagnosed Ptsd And The Impact Of Treatment Expressed By Women, Kelli Elaine Hudgins
The Process Of Enduring Prolonged Undiagnosed Ptsd And The Impact Of Treatment Expressed By Women, Kelli Elaine Hudgins
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Prolonged undiagnosed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been examined from various perspectives and represents a significant medical concern across diverse populations. Research on PTSD often targets specific groups, such as postpartum women or military veterans. This narrow focus in much of the literature tends to obscure the broader impact of prolonged undiagnosed PTSD on the general population, thereby overlooking the critical need to highlight systemic shortcomings that hinder effective interventions and reform. Furthermore, personal narratives detailing the challenges individuals face when seeking help or treatment – factors that contribute to delays in care – and the subsequent effects on their …
Cancer Screening Disparities Among Women With Disabilities In The United States, Kathleen Young
Cancer Screening Disparities Among Women With Disabilities In The United States, Kathleen Young
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Breast and cervical cancer screening reduces mortality; however, women with disabilities and mental health challenges experience persistent disparities in access to preventive services. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationships between self-reported serious difficulty hearing, serious difficulty seeing, and frequent mental distress with breast (mammogram) and cervical (Pap test) cancer screening use among women in the United States (mammogram model, n = 844; Pap model n = 774), using the 2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System dataset. The social-ecological model provided the framework. Two logistic regression models were conducted, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, income, marital …
Experiences Of Northern Ontario Nurse Educators In Adapting Teaching Methods, Julianna Panontin
Experiences Of Northern Ontario Nurse Educators In Adapting Teaching Methods, Julianna Panontin
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Nursing education is evolving, requiring educators to adapt teaching methods due to advances in technology, pedagogy, and accreditation standards. In Northern Ontario, geographic and resource limitations make this adaptability critical for ensuring equitable, high-quality education. Guided by Lewin’s change theory, this qualitative phenomenological study examined how Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BScN) nursing educators in Northern Ontario adapted their teaching practices to these evolving demands. Six full-time educators teaching in BScN programs with at least 3 years of recent nursing education experience using synchronous instructional methods participated in semistructured qualitative interviews. Data were analyzed using Saldaña’s coding framework. Four themes …
Improving Suicide Risk Detection And Management In Primary Care, Syndie Volcy
Improving Suicide Risk Detection And Management In Primary Care, Syndie Volcy
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Suicide remains a critical public health issue in the United States, with rates continuing to rise despite national prevention initiatives. Primary care settings serve as a pivotal point for early detection, yet inconsistent use of standardized screening and safety planning tools contributes to under-recognition of suicide risk. This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project aimed to enhance the identification and management of suicide risk in primary care by developing and implementing an evidence-based clinical practice guideline (CPG). The project addressed the practice-focused question: Does implementing a standardized suicide prevention guideline using validated tools improve risk detection and management in primary …
Elementary Teachers' Challenges To Implement Letrs In A Local Alabama School District, Jessica Morton
Elementary Teachers' Challenges To Implement Letrs In A Local Alabama School District, Jessica Morton
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
While the Language Essentials for Teachers of Reading and Spelling (LETRS) professional development provided elementary teachers with a new form of instruction, third-grade reading scores remain below proficiency levels on the Alabama state test. Guided by Vygotsky’s theory of social constructivism, the purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore elementary teachers’ challenges of implementing LETRS in a local Alabama school district. Two research questions addressed the challenges of and suggestions for implementing LETRS. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 10 elementary teachers in local school districts who were trained in LETRS, implemented LETRS in classroom instruction, and …
Exploring Challenges Of Parents With Disabilities Affecting Custody Of The Children, Kendyll King
Exploring Challenges Of Parents With Disabilities Affecting Custody Of The Children, Kendyll King
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Despite the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 promoting equality for people with disabilities, parents with developmental and intellectual disabilities experience high rates of involvement with child welfare services due to outdated terminology, information about disabilities, and policies. The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges of parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities and determine if they differ from those of parents without a disability. This was a generic qualitative study grounded in intersectionality theory. Education, employment, health and safety concerns, independence, assistive technology, social services involvement, and supports or resources were examined through the perspective of the …
The Relationship Between Income And Race With The Utilization Of Oral Health Services Among Older Adults, Mishael Smith
The Relationship Between Income And Race With The Utilization Of Oral Health Services Among Older Adults, Mishael Smith
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Oral health disparities continue to present a significant public health challenge for older adults in the United States, particularly among racial minority and low-income populations. Despite national discussions around healthcare equity, there remains limited empirical insight into how race and income influence dental service utilization among Medicare beneficiaries. In this quantitative, cross-sectional study, the extent to which these demographic factors predicted oral healthcare utilization, using nationally representative data from the 2021 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, was assessed. Guided by the social determinants of health framework, chi-square tests, binary logistic regression, and negative binomial regression were performed to analyze the data. …
Exploring The Black Woman Experience Related To Sexual Practice, Sexual Identity, And Sexual Expression: A Qualitative Study, Ashley V. Rodriguez
Exploring The Black Woman Experience Related To Sexual Practice, Sexual Identity, And Sexual Expression: A Qualitative Study, Ashley V. Rodriguez
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
This study revealed the complex interplay between personal identities and social constructs, focusing on Black-identifying women and their lived experiences with sex, sexuality, and sexual expression. Over centuries, societal influences depicted Black women as hypersexual, simultaneously exposing them to criticism, shame, and judgment for their sexual expression and meaning-making related to sex and sexuality. Consequently, Black women remain a high-risk demographic for unsafe sexual practices and sexually transmitted infections. Using intersectionality theory and Black feminist theory, this study explored how Black-identifying women give meaning to sex, sexuality, and sexual expression as they shape the Black feminine experience. I sought to …
Secondary World Language Teachers’ Perspectives On Gamification-Based Assessments, Taryn Thompson
Secondary World Language Teachers’ Perspectives On Gamification-Based Assessments, Taryn Thompson
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The problem that was addressed through this study was that there was a gap in the literature about secondary world language teachers using gamification-based assessments and the influence on student learning. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore teachers’ perspectives on the benefits and challenges of gamification-based assessments. The study was grounded in the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, digital game-based language learning, and Krashen’s second language acquisition theory. To secure a sample of 12 participants for this study, purposeful and snowball sampling were employed, wherein potential secondary world language teachers were solicited through …