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Socioeconomic Determinants Of Malaria Infection Among Pregnant Women In Cameroon, Sub-Saharan Africa, Arnold Akosah Muluh
Socioeconomic Determinants Of Malaria Infection Among Pregnant Women In Cameroon, Sub-Saharan Africa, Arnold Akosah Muluh
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Malaria during pregnancy is a significant public health issue in Cameroon, affecting maternal health and birth outcomes. Despite preventive measures, disparities exist among socioeconomic groups and between urban and rural areas. The study was guided by the social-ecological model and explored how socioeconomic factors and geographic location influence malaria infection in pregnant women. Specifically, the impact of wealth index, maternal education, and healthcare access on infection rates, considering maternal age, parity, and residence, was examined. Quantitative data from the Cameroon DHS Phase 8 were used (N=1204). The sample included pregnant women with valid malaria test results. Chi-Square tests and binary …
Inclusive Leadership And Employee Engagement In Multigenerational Nigeria’S Public Sector, Monday Kohwo Unurhiere
Inclusive Leadership And Employee Engagement In Multigenerational Nigeria’S Public Sector, Monday Kohwo Unurhiere
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Ineffective leadership continues to engender disengaged employees whose work ethics contribute to inefficient and ineffective public service delivery across several African countries. The specific research problem is the inadequacy of knowledge about leadership behaviors that foster a sense of being valued among employees of different generational cohorts, leading to intellectual, social, and emotional engagement at work. The purpose of this quantitative correlational cross-sectional study was to investigate the influence of inclusive leadership (openness, availability, and accessibility) on employee engagement (intellectual, social, and affective) in the multigenerational Nigerian public sector. The theoretical framework included the constructs of inclusive leadership, employee engagement, …
How Non-Secular Leaders In Culturally Homogeneous Faith-Based Organizations Understand And Experience Cultural Intelligence Training, Marlon Anthony Ayers
How Non-Secular Leaders In Culturally Homogeneous Faith-Based Organizations Understand And Experience Cultural Intelligence Training, Marlon Anthony Ayers
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Over the past five decades, shifts in U.S. immigration policy, demographic change, and civil rights reforms have increased cultural diversity across the U.S. workforce, while many faith based leaders lack the cultural intelligence (CQ) needed to navigate diverse interactions effectively. Non secular leaders in culturally homogeneous faith based organizations (FBOs) need to understand this concern as a leading indicator of challenges associated with cross-cultural engagement, organizational effectiveness, and community inclusion. The specific research problem is that it is unknown how non-secular leaders in culturally homogeneous FBOs understand and experience the challenges of managing cultural diversity in the absence of CQ …
Mentor Evaluation Of A Black Male Youth Mentoring Program, Kenneth Brown
Mentor Evaluation Of A Black Male Youth Mentoring Program, Kenneth Brown
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
This study was an exploration of how Black male mentors perceived organizational practices, culturally responsive mentoring, relational safety, and systems level barriers shaping their effectiveness and continued participation. The purpose was to examine early mentor-mentee match dissolution and low mentor retention in a nonprofit youth mentoring through the lens of the ecological systems theory and program evaluation framework. The practice-focused research questions were: How do volunteer mentors and program staff perceive the organizational practices and culturally responsive strategies that influence mentor effectiveness and retention in youth mentoring programs, and what organizational and systemic challenges do Black male mentors encounter in …
The Effects Of Home Blood Pressure Monitoring And Hospital Readmission For Hypertensive Patients, Danielle Alston
The Effects Of Home Blood Pressure Monitoring And Hospital Readmission For Hypertensive Patients, Danielle Alston
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Within this executive summary, the type of project discussed is an organization change project to address a health issue in chronic disease management, which is hypertension. Nearly 116 million American adults are affected by hypertension, which remains a leading force for preventable hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and cardiovascular-related mortality in the United States. Unexpected readmissions due to hypertension create system-wide strains, increased financial burden and decreased patient satisfaction. Hence, the question: In adults with hypertension, does remote home blood pressure monitoring, compared with standard office-based follow-up, reduce the rate of urgent care visits and hospital admissions over a 30-day period? …
The Individual And Combined Effects Of Individualism-Collectivism Orientation And Mental Health Stigma On Perceived Social Support In Firefighters, Emma Schafer Schutte
The Individual And Combined Effects Of Individualism-Collectivism Orientation And Mental Health Stigma On Perceived Social Support In Firefighters, Emma Schafer Schutte
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Repetitive trauma exposure predisposes firefighters to a variety of mental health issues. Despite efforts to expand mental health resources and peer support, stigma remains a significant barrier to formal (professional) and informal (peer) support-seeking within the fire service. According to social influence theory, firefighters may avoid using available support services because they perceive support-seeking as stigmatized by their peers and feel compelled to conform. Research across cultural groups suggests that individualism-collectivism orientation, which defines how individuals assign value to individual or group needs, has nuanced effects on perceptions of social support. However, the interplay of individualism-collectivism orientation, stigma, and perceived …
Strategies To Enhance Employee Retention Among Leaders In The U.S. Poultry Processing Industry, Gary Dale Sisson
Strategies To Enhance Employee Retention Among Leaders In The U.S. Poultry Processing Industry, Gary Dale Sisson
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Employee turnover remains a persistent challenge in the U.S. poultry processing industry. Leaders in the U.S. poultry processing industry are concerned that high employee turnover increases operating costs, disrupts productivity, and contributes to workforce instability. Grounded in organizational support theory, this qualitative pragmatic inquiry research project explored successful strategies that leaders in the U.S. poultry processing industry use to enhance employee retention. The participants were six leaders from poultry processing facilities in the southeastern United States. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and supplemented with workplace observations and organizational records related to retention initiatives and turnover trends. Data were analyzed …
Staff Education To Improve Staff Knowledge Regarding Candida Auris, Nkechinyere Ejelonu
Staff Education To Improve Staff Knowledge Regarding Candida Auris, Nkechinyere Ejelonu
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
This Doctor of Nursing Practice project was a staff education project regarding Candida auris, a multidrug-resistant fungus recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as an urgent global health threat due to its high mortality, environmental persistence, and resistance to common disinfectants. Staff play a crucial role in infection prevention; however, limited awareness and inconsistent knowledge of Candida auris contribute to potential transmission in skilled nursing home settings. The project question was as follows: Among staff members in a skilled nursing facility, does an evidence-based educational intervention improve knowledge of Candida auris infection prevention as compared pre- …
Staff Members And Students’ Perceptions On Retention In A Trio Student Support Services Program, Gregoire N. Lee
Staff Members And Students’ Perceptions On Retention In A Trio Student Support Services Program, Gregoire N. Lee
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The problem that was addressed in this study was the low retention rates and consequent low completion rates of students who are low-income, first-generation, and/or disabled who did not participate in a TRIO Student Support Services (SSS) program at Urban University. Grounded in Tinto’s student integration theory, Dweck’s mindset theory, and Duckworth’s grit theory, the purpose of this study was to determine staff members and students’ perceptions on the helpfulness of the TRIO SSS program in improving retention from Year 1 to Year 2 at Urban University. For this basic qualitative design, semistructured interviews with nine students and four staff …
Meaning Of Mentoring For Puerto Rican Diaspora Professionals Seeking Career Advancement, Coralys M. Cedó Negrón
Meaning Of Mentoring For Puerto Rican Diaspora Professionals Seeking Career Advancement, Coralys M. Cedó Negrón
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Hispanic/Latino professionals remain underrepresented in senior leadership positions across industries in the United States. Organizational leaders need to understand this concern as a critical indicator of factors that may shape leadership development and career advancement among underrepresented professionals. Grounded in the mentoring model, the purpose of this qualitative interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) study was to understand the meaning of mentoring for Puerto Rican diaspora professionals seeking career advancement in the United States. The participants comprised 10 Puerto Rican professionals living and working in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area who had participated in formal or informal mentoring relationships. Data were collected …
The Experience Of Wellness And Self-Care For Graduating Bsn Students, Jenny Pappas, Terri A. Clark, Tasha Ruffin, Deborah Ellison, Adrienne Wilk, Debra Rose Wilson
The Experience Of Wellness And Self-Care For Graduating Bsn Students, Jenny Pappas, Terri A. Clark, Tasha Ruffin, Deborah Ellison, Adrienne Wilk, Debra Rose Wilson
Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences
The aim of this study was to explore how graduating prelicensure bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) students experience self-care and wellness, with the goal of informing future curriculum development. Nursing students face significant academic, emotional, and sociocultural pressures that heighten vulnerability to burnout. Despite widespread agreement that self-care is a professional expectation, little is known about the students’ experience within demanding programs. Guided by Orem et al.’s (2001) self-care deficit theory, a qualitative study using interpretive hermeneutic phenomenology was used to examine lived experiences of self-care and wellness. Sixteen graduating BSN students participated in in-depth, semistructured interviews. Interviews were …
Leadership Practices And Their Influence On Employee Retention And Productivity In Group Homes, Tolif Bekele Gemechu
Leadership Practices And Their Influence On Employee Retention And Productivity In Group Homes, Tolif Bekele Gemechu
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Employee retention and workforce productivity have consistently challenged residential group homes serving adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities, reducing continuity of care, increasing costs, and limiting organizational effectiveness. This qualitative case study explored how leadership practices influenced employee retention, workforce productivity, and alignment with the Baldrige Excellence Framework. The study was guided by three research questions addressing leadership practices, employee engagement and retention, workforce productivity, and organizational alignment. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 DSPs and leaders and analysis of organizational documents, workforce records, policies, and procedures. Thematic analysis using NVivo software was conducted, with trustworthiness established through …
Registered Nurses’ Perceptions Of Relational Service Behaviors In Nursing Practice, Dadakpoye Tina Johnson
Registered Nurses’ Perceptions Of Relational Service Behaviors In Nursing Practice, Dadakpoye Tina Johnson
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Nurses play a central role in shaping patient experiences through clinical care and relational service behaviors. However, little is known about registered nurses’ perceptions and experiences of relational service behaviors in contemporary health care settings. The purpose of this interpretive description qualitative study was to explore registered nurses’ perceptions and experiences of relational service behaviors and their role in promoting patient-centered care. Herzberg’s two-factor theory provided the conceptual framework for examining how intrinsic motivators and extrinsic workplace factors influence relational engagement. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 registered nurses from diverse clinical practice settings. Interview data were analyzed using Braun …
Staff Education To Improve Healthcare Staff Knowledge Of An Electronic Scheduling System In An Intensive Outpatient Program (Iop), Catherine Kinyili
Staff Education To Improve Healthcare Staff Knowledge Of An Electronic Scheduling System In An Intensive Outpatient Program (Iop), Catherine Kinyili
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
This Doctor of Nursing Practice staff education project aimed to improve staff knowledge of the newly implemented electronic scheduling and booking kiosk system. A transition from a paper-based to an electronic scheduling system led to reduced staff efficiency, communication challenges, scheduling errors, and delays in patient care. An evaluation identified inconsistent staff knowledge of the newly implemented electronic scheduling system. The practice-focused question for the project was: Among healthcare staff in an intensive outpatient program, how does a one-time structured education and training session affect staff knowledge of a new electronic scheduling system? The purpose of this project was to …
Determinants Of Antenatal Care Utilization: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Study In Morang And Sunsari Districts, Eastern Nepal, Sunil Shah, Chandra Jha
Determinants Of Antenatal Care Utilization: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Study In Morang And Sunsari Districts, Eastern Nepal, Sunil Shah, Chandra Jha
Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences
This study examined the factors influencing antenatal care (ANC) utilization in the eastern region of Nepal, focusing on the Morang and Sunsari districts, with the aim of identifying key determinants affecting ANC uptake and assessing the extent of ANC service utilization among mothers. Using lot quality assurance sampling, a community-based, descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed, surveying 164 mothers who had given birth within the previous 12 months; data were collected from June through November 2023. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS, with descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Findings revealed that 80.5% of respondents …
Implementation Of A Discharge Planning Protocol, Sylvia Ngwikooh Forku
Implementation Of A Discharge Planning Protocol, Sylvia Ngwikooh Forku
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
This doctoral project was a nursing led quality improvement initiative focused on standardizing discharge planning on an adult inpatient psychiatric unit. The goal of the project was to strengthen evidence-based, person-centered transitions of care to reduce readmissions and promote safer community reintegration for adults with serious mental illness. The practice focused question guiding this project was whether implementing an evidence based, standardized discharge planning protocol on an adult inpatient psychiatric unit would improve staff knowledge and adherence to best practice discharge elements and contribute to a favorable decrease in 30-day readmission rates. Analytical strategies included descriptive analysis of pre and …
Experiences Of African American Male Foster Care Alumni And How Mentoring Links To Academic Achievement, Tenaya Wade
Experiences Of African American Male Foster Care Alumni And How Mentoring Links To Academic Achievement, Tenaya Wade
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
This study explored how mentoring was perceived in the educational experiences of African American male foster care alumni who completed college. African American males with foster care histories often face significant adversity, including placement instability, disrupted educational experiences, and limited access to consistent support systems. Although these challenges are well documented, less is known about how supportive mentoring relationships may contribute to academic persistence and success. A generic qualitative framework was used to gather participant perspectives through semi-structured interviews. Four African American male foster care alumni aged 22 to 41 who had earned a college degree participated in the study. …
The Association Of Age, Race, And Gender And Novel Interventions In The Prevention Of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection, In Washington State, Lamin Darboe
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Delayed removal of indwelling urinary catheters (IUCs) contributes to catheter-associated urinary tract infections, a leading healthcare-associated infection. A dot/smart-phrase communication tool, guided by the Health Belief Model construct of cues to action, to promote timely IUC removal interventions was evaluated in this quantitative, cross-sectional study. Secondary data from N = 372 adult patients with acute urinary retention in acute and critical care settings in Washington State were analyzed using SPSS Version 30. Binary logistic regression examined relationships among demographic variables, intervention-related factors (adherence within 48 hours, cosignature within 24 hours, and secure chat communication), and clinical outcomes (IUC removal and/or …
Exploring The Perspectives Of Individuals Who Were Formerly Incarcerated To Determine The Barriers And Facilitators To Successful Reentry Programs In Maryland, Ansu Sawi Momoh
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Due to persistently high rates of incarceration and recidivism, the Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services developed policies and programs geared towards reducing recidivism. Existing literature indicated that successful reentry depends on access to coordinated support services, there was a lack of qualitative studies that explored the perspectives of individuals who were formerly incarcerated, specifically in the state of Maryland. The purpose of this generic qualitative research was to understand the reentry process from the perspective of 12 individuals who were formerly incarcerated. Semi structured interviews were used to explore the barriers and facilitators within the re-entry programs …
Effective Employee Retention Strategies Used By Hair Salon Leaders To Sustain Business Operations, Taylor Bynum
Effective Employee Retention Strategies Used By Hair Salon Leaders To Sustain Business Operations, Taylor Bynum
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Employee retention challenges continue to affect the operational sustainability of hair salons. Hair salon owners and leaders are concerned about employee retention because it directly affects their ability to sustain business operations. Grounded in Wayne McPhee’s sustainable activity model, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry was to explore the strategies hair salon owners and leaders used to retain employees and sustain business operations. Participants included eight hair salon owners or leaders who had successfully retained employees and sustained business operations for at least 5 years. Data from semistructured interviews with the participants were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-step …
The Experience Of Sleep And Academic Performance Among African American College Students: A Case Study, Jamean Alma Alexander
The Experience Of Sleep And Academic Performance Among African American College Students: A Case Study, Jamean Alma Alexander
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The transition to college presents significant challenges for African American college students, particularly in developing effective study habits and maintaining healthy sleep behaviors that support academic success. Despite growing evidence linking sleep and academic performance, limited research has explored how African American students attending historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) perceive these experiences. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of African American college students regarding sleep habits, study habits, and academic performance. Guided by three research questions, data were collected through semi structured interviews with 12 African American students attending HBCUs in …
Effective Strategies Human Resource Business Leaders Use To Decrease Employee Turnover, Dorothy Norton
Effective Strategies Human Resource Business Leaders Use To Decrease Employee Turnover, Dorothy Norton
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Employee turnover continues to be a widespread organizational challenge because it increases recruitment and training costs, disrupts productivity, and negatively affects organizational performance and sustainability. The research problem was that some business leaders lack effective strategies to reduce employee turnover. The purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry project was to explore strategies business leaders use to reduce employee turnover. Herzberg’s two-factor theory served as the conceptual framework for the study. The participants were six business leaders with responsibility for employee retention who successfully implemented employee retention strategies. Data were gathered through semistructured interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive …
Staff Education To Nurses On Trauma-Informed Care, Lorna Sackey
Staff Education To Nurses On Trauma-Informed Care, Lorna Sackey
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Many nurses receive little formal instruction about trauma-informed principles and their practical application in behavioral health settings. To address this practice gap, the project implemented a staff education program for staff at an intensive outpatient program (IOP) and a partial hospitalization program (PHP) located in a northeastern state. The aim was to increase staff knowledge and confidence in trauma-informed principles within clinical practice. The education program emphasized the relevance of trauma-informed care (TIC) in outpatient behavioral health settings, its principles, and its application in nursing assessments, therapeutic communication, and patient interactions. A pretest and posttest questionnaire consisted of 12 multiple-choice …
Understanding Relapse And The Correlation With Group Counseling Accountability, Attendance, And Attitudes, Willie Sanders
Understanding Relapse And The Correlation With Group Counseling Accountability, Attendance, And Attitudes, Willie Sanders
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Substance abuse continues to create significant personal, family, and legal challenges, yet limited research exists on mandated clients receiving counseling within rural municipal court systems. Studying factors associated with relapse allows counselors and counselor educators to develop interventions to prevent relapse and improve treatment outcomes. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the relationship between group counseling attributes of attendance, accountability, attitudes and the level of relapse rates among rural municipal court clients in Columbus, Mississippi, as measured by the DEF, Subtle, Face Valid Alcohol, Face Valid Other Drugs, and the OAT Scales of the SASSI-4 Assessment. Theoretical …
Treatment Alternatives To Incarceration Program (Taip) Counselor’S Perceptions Of The Effectiveness Of Taip Within West Texas, Patricia Arenas
Treatment Alternatives To Incarceration Program (Taip) Counselor’S Perceptions Of The Effectiveness Of Taip Within West Texas, Patricia Arenas
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Substance abuse remains a major challenge in the U.S. probation system, as recidivism persists despite specialized treatment programs such as the Treatment Alternatives to Incarceration Program (TAIP) available in Texas. This issue matters to policymakers, judges, community supervision officers, TAIP administrators, treatment providers, and local communities because decisions about funding, supervision, sanctions, coordination, and service delivery affect rehabilitation outcomes, public safety, and reoffending. This transcendental phenomenological study explored TAIP counselors’ perceptions of the program’s effectiveness in treating substance abuse offenders and reducing recidivism in West Texas. Guided by Husserl’s phenomenology, data were collected through semi structured interviews with four TAIP …
Impact Of Ownership Change, Administrator Turnover, And Registered Nurse Turnover On Operational Outcomes In Nursing Homes, Tanveer Dhaliwal
Impact Of Ownership Change, Administrator Turnover, And Registered Nurse Turnover On Operational Outcomes In Nursing Homes, Tanveer Dhaliwal
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Nursing homes frequently experience leadership and structural disruptions that affect facility performance. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study using archival data was to examine the extent to which ownership change, administrator turnover, and registered nurse turnover predict operational outcomes in U.S. nursing homes. Four Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) measures represented indicators of operational outcomes: (a) staffing rating, (b) rating cycle 1 total health deficiencies, (c) number of fines, and (d) total weighted health survey score. Resource dependence theory and transaction cost economics served as the theoretical foundation. Data from July 2025 CMS public files (N = …
Staff Education To Enhance Nurse Knowledge Of Standardized Sud Screening Using The Dast-10 In An Outpatient Psychiatric Setting, Peters Olugbemiga Adu
Staff Education To Enhance Nurse Knowledge Of Standardized Sud Screening Using The Dast-10 In An Outpatient Psychiatric Setting, Peters Olugbemiga Adu
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The utilization of substance use disorder (SUD) screening tools at the practice site was inconsistent, contributing to limited identification and diagnosis of SUDs. The project was conducted at a psychiatric outpatient clinic in an urban region of Maryland that serves many patients with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders. The purpose of the project was to develop, implement, and evaluate a staff education program focused on the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10). The primary goal was to improve staff knowledge and understanding of the DAST-10 screening tool. A 14-item multiple-choice questionnaire was administered before and after the educational intervention …
Staff Education To Improve Confidence Of Triage Decision-Making In Hospice After-Hours Care, Kelly Hurst
Staff Education To Improve Confidence Of Triage Decision-Making In Hospice After-Hours Care, Kelly Hurst
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
A quality improvement project addressed variability in after-hours hospice telephone triage through implementation of structured communication and symptom-based decision-support tools. The practice-focused question examined hospice triage nurses’ perceived confidence following implementation of these tools. A descriptive quality improvement design was used. Five hospice triage nurses received education on the CALMER communication technique and symptom-specific decision-support guides for anxiety and dyspnea. Outcomes were evaluated through a postimplementation survey assessing confidence, tool utilization, intervention perceptions, and practice recommendations. Quantitative responses were summarized using descriptive statistics, and qualitative responses were reviewed for themes. All participants reported high baseline confidence in hospice telephone triage. …
Defining Quality Of Life: The Lived Experience Of Adults With Pulmonary Hypertension And The Impact Of Activity-Induced Respiratory Distress, Bethany Jean Adams
Defining Quality Of Life: The Lived Experience Of Adults With Pulmonary Hypertension And The Impact Of Activity-Induced Respiratory Distress, Bethany Jean Adams
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive, life-limiting disease that significantly affects quality-of-life (QoL). Limited research has explored lived experiences of individuals with PH. Guided by Parse’s human becoming theory, this qualitative descriptive phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of individuals affected by PH and examined how activity-induced respiratory distress affected QoL. The research Question was: How do individuals with PH describe the impact of activity-induced respiratory distress on their QoL. I conducted interviews with nine participants, including eight adults diagnosed with PH and one caregiver of an individual with PH. Data were analyzed using Saldaña's comparative coding framework to identify …
Licensed Counselors’ Meaning-Making Of Debriefing Experiences Following Client Crises In Community Mental Health Centers, Donna Howard
Licensed Counselors’ Meaning-Making Of Debriefing Experiences Following Client Crises In Community Mental Health Centers, Donna Howard
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Licensed professional counselors working in community mental health centers (CMHCs) frequently respond to client crises; however, little was known about how they understand and make meaning of debriefing following those events. The purpose of this qualitative interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) study was to explore counselors’ meaning-making of debriefing following client crises in CMHCs. Guided by IPA and grounded in phenomenology and hermeneutics, data were collected through semistructured interviews with five licensed professional counselors who had at least 5 years of CMHC experience, participated in postcrisis debriefing, and graduated from programs accredited by the Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and …