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Lowering Morbidity And Readmissions Of Underserved Preterm Infants To Reduce Acute Care Hospital Spend, Adaugo Amuta Feb 2026

Lowering Morbidity And Readmissions Of Underserved Preterm Infants To Reduce Acute Care Hospital Spend, Adaugo Amuta

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Neonatal readmissions remain a significant challenge in urban acute care hospitals serving indigent preterm infants. These readmissions impose substantial financial burdens, with high-cost conditions such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and retinopathy of prematurity driving recurring expenditures. This integrative review examined strategies that healthcare administrators can implement to reduce neonatal readmissions, improve care equity, and optimize healthcare spending in hospitals serving vulnerable populations in the Commonwealth of Virginia. A comprehensive literature search of empirical and non-empirical studies yielded 105 results for quality assessment using the Johns Hopkins appraisal tools. A total of 29 were included for thematic analysis. Five main …


Impact Of Suicide Literacy In Hispanic/Latinx Communities, Denisse Centeno Lamas Feb 2026

Impact Of Suicide Literacy In Hispanic/Latinx Communities, Denisse Centeno Lamas

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.


A Project Proposal For Discharge Strategies For Unhoused Patients, Heidi Moore Feb 2026

A Project Proposal For Discharge Strategies For Unhoused Patients, Heidi Moore

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This Doctor of Nursing Practice project is a practice-focused executive leadership proposal addressing inconsistent discharge planning for unhoused surgical patients in an acute care hospital. Unhoused patients experience disproportionately poor outcomes, including prolonged length of stay, elevated 30-day readmission rates, and fragmented transitions of care. The practice-focused question guiding this project asks whether development of a standardized, housing-informed discharge planning program could improve transitions of care and reduce length of stay and readmissions when compared with current nonstandardized practices. Analytical strategies included synthesis of peer-reviewed literature, review of internal quality and utilization data, assessment of community-level housing instability trends, and …


Financial Stability Success Strategies For Nursing Homes, Jennifer Helene Garrison Feb 2026

Financial Stability Success Strategies For Nursing Homes, Jennifer Helene Garrison

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Ineffective regulatory strategies can lead to reduced financial stability. Nursing home leaders who wrestle to improve regulatory practices may find their business facing reduced financial sustainability. Grounded in management by objectives theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry research project was to identify and explore the effective strategies nursing home leaders used to implement regulatory compliance practices that increase financial sustainability. The participants were nine nursing home leaders who had successfully implemented regulatory compliance strategies within their organizations. Data was collected through semistructured interviews, public websites, and current and archival public documents. Through thematic analysis, three themes were identified: …


Mitigating Vicarious Traumatization From Exposure To Human Trafficking For Human Services Professionals, Andrea T. Charles-Alleyne Feb 2026

Mitigating Vicarious Traumatization From Exposure To Human Trafficking For Human Services Professionals, Andrea T. Charles-Alleyne

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Human trafficking is a devastating form of exploitation that not only has detrimental impacts to its victims but also the human services practitioners charged with and committed to their service provision. The secondary impact for professionals is not to be underestimated, as repeated exposure to the traumatic experiences of their clients can potentially lead to physical as well as emotional symptoms such as vicarious trauma, compassion fatigue, and burnout. Often, practitioners prioritize the needs of their clients with a relentless focus on advocacy and the overall well-being of those they serve. The purpose of this qualitative action research study was …


Enhancing Training For Law Enforcement In Mental Health Responses In The Community, Tiffany Raines Feb 2026

Enhancing Training For Law Enforcement In Mental Health Responses In The Community, Tiffany Raines

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A significant issue in human services practice in Macon, Georgia, is law enforcement officers’ responding to individuals experiencing a mental health crisis in public. Many police officers are not equipped to handle situations involving individuals experiencing mental health events, leading to possible adverse outcomes such as injury, incarceration, or even fatalities. There are increasing rates of mental illness disorders, and therefore, the need for compassionate, informed approaches for human service professionals to respond to those in crisis. More training to improve responses can lead to better outcomes for individuals in crisis, foster community trust in law enforcement, and enhance overall …


Using Artificial Intelligence To Mitigate Bottlenecks In Last-Mile Logistics: A Developing Country Perspective, Marvel S. Ogah, Comfort Ademola, Gregory Asiegbu Feb 2026

Using Artificial Intelligence To Mitigate Bottlenecks In Last-Mile Logistics: A Developing Country Perspective, Marvel S. Ogah, Comfort Ademola, Gregory Asiegbu

International Journal of Applied Management and Technology

The digital revolution of the logistic value chain has improved critical aspects of the global supply chain, especially in the aspect of last-mile logistics (LML). Bottlenecks, however, such as delays in deliveries, increased lead times, pollution, poor cost management, and tracking issues, among several others, plague the logistics operations in developing countries. Artificial intelligence (AI) can help mitigate these bottlenecks toward delivering incremental value to the end customers. This paper investigates the extent to which AI has been adopted in the logistics value chain in developing countries using a descriptive approach. Quantitative data were collected from 290 logistics and e-commerce …


Clinical Practice Guideline For Universal Anxiety Screening For Advanced Practice Providers, Kelechi Blanton Feb 2026

Clinical Practice Guideline For Universal Anxiety Screening For Advanced Practice Providers, Kelechi Blanton

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This project was a clinical practice guideline (CPG) focused on anxiety screening in a primary care setting using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) screening tool. The practice problem addressed general anxiety disorder and the need for standardized assessments for risk, as recently been recommended by the U.S. Prevention Service Task Force (USPSTF). Anxiety disorder is common but frequently untreated, due in part to low rates of screening. Lack of an evidence-based guideline for anxiety screening may contribute to delayed diagnosis and inconsistencies. The practice-focused question was, Does the evidence support development of an evidence-based CPG for universal anxiety screening in …


Experiences Of Loneliness And Belonging Among U.S.-Born Women During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Germany, Anna Sizorina Feb 2026

Experiences Of Loneliness And Belonging Among U.S.-Born Women During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Germany, Anna Sizorina

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Existing literature indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic led to increased levels of loneliness, particularly among individuals with transnational ties. Travel and entry bans, along with social distancing, led to separation from family abroad and from people and communities in the countries of new residence. In this qualitative phenomenological study, experiences of loneliness and belonging among U.S.-born women during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany were explored. The transaction theory of stress guided the scientific enquiry, and the evolutionary theory of loneliness served as a conceptual framework for examining loneliness in the given context. Six adult female participants, born in the United …


Improving Blood Pressure Control In Home Care Patients Through Implementation Of Acc/Aha Hypertension Guidelines And Structured Blood Pressure Monitoring, Farrah Lynn Yuille Feb 2026

Improving Blood Pressure Control In Home Care Patients Through Implementation Of Acc/Aha Hypertension Guidelines And Structured Blood Pressure Monitoring, Farrah Lynn Yuille

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This clinical practice guideline addressed the practice problem of the lack of standardized and consistent hypertension management in the home setting. Addressing this practice problem is important within nursing practice, as uncontrolled blood pressure increased the risk of hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and long-term cardiovascular complications. The practice question focused on translating evidence-based hypertension guidelines into clinical practice and evaluating their impact on patient outcomes in the home care setting. The purpose of the project was to engage three voluntary participants in evaluating the clinical practice guideline per the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association hypertension guidelines within …


Work-Life Balance And Occupational Stress: Moderating Factors Among African American Telecommunication Workers, Robert Charity Feb 2026

Work-Life Balance And Occupational Stress: Moderating Factors Among African American Telecommunication Workers, Robert Charity

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

After the COVID-19 pandemic, remote call center employees faced intensified challenges in maintaining work-life balance (WLB) while experiencing elevated occupational stress (OS) levels. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to investigate the relationship between WLB and OS among African American (AA) call center professionals employed in the telecommunications industry, moderated by resilience (RS), gender, and generational age (GenAge). The theoretical framework included boundary theory, the job demands-control model, and resilience theory. The participants comprised 103 AA telecommunications call center professionals aged 28 to 65 in the southwestern United States. They completed the work-life balance scale, perceived occupational stress …


Staff Education Using A Workplace Violence Reduction Bundle, Julla Panneh Feb 2026

Staff Education Using A Workplace Violence Reduction Bundle, Julla Panneh

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) quality improvement project addressed the ongoing issue of workplace violence (WPV) among medical-surgical nurses in an acute care setting. WPV poses significant risks to staff safety, psychological well-being, and the overall care environment. Guided by current evidence and professional guidelines, the project implemented a structured educational intervention focused on the Workplace Violence Reduction Bundle, incorporating the Broset Violence Checklist (BVC) and evidence-based de-escalation strategies. Medical-surgical nursing staff participated in tailored educational sessions; knowledge was assessed through pre- and post-intervention surveys, and program acceptability was evaluated through staff feedback. Data analysis revealed modest improvements in …


Impact Of Workplace Ostracism, Moderated By Personality Traits On Psychological Safety, Aniko Rastovac Feb 2026

Impact Of Workplace Ostracism, Moderated By Personality Traits On Psychological Safety, Aniko Rastovac

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Psychological safety, an essential element for fostering collaboration, trust, and innovation, can be undermined by negative interactions in the workplace. Most importantly, a lack of psychological safety is a barrier to individual and organizational growth, development, and innovation, which is necessary for gaining a competitive organizational advantage. The present study examines the concept of workplace ostracism as a negative interaction in the workplace that affects psychological safety. Using the big five personality traits framework, Edmondson’s (1999) concept of psychological safety, and Tett et al.’s (2021) trait activation theory, this quantitative study examined how individual differences moderate the impact of workplace …


Staff Education To Improving Patient Safety Outcomes Through Structured Staff Education, Imuetinyan Phillipa Ehondor Feb 2026

Staff Education To Improving Patient Safety Outcomes Through Structured Staff Education, Imuetinyan Phillipa Ehondor

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This staff education doctoral project was implemented to address inconsistent staff knowledge of patient safety principles, disproportionate adherence to safety practices, and underutilization of standardized educational resources in an acute care clinic setting. It was important to address this issue in the context of nursing practice because patient safety is foundational to high-quality health care, directly influencing patient outcomes, regulatory compliance, organizational performance, and workforce morale. The practice-focused question was the following: In an acute care clinic, how does the implementation of a standardized safety protocol education program, compared to existing practices, impact staff knowledge regarding a culture of safety? …


Staff Education To Decrease Polypharmacy And Improve Medication Adherence In Older Adults In Primary Healthcare Settings, Nadine Pean Noel Feb 2026

Staff Education To Decrease Polypharmacy And Improve Medication Adherence In Older Adults In Primary Healthcare Settings, Nadine Pean Noel

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project was a staff education initiative to address polypharmacy and increase medication adherence among older adults in a primary care setting. Polypharmacy is a prevalent and significant safety concern in older adults, increasing the risk for adverse drug events, medication nonadherence, hospitalizations, and decreased quality of life. The purpose of the project was to implement and evaluate a structured staff education focused on evidence-based strategies for medication review, deprescribing, and the integration of smartphone-based adherence tools. The practice-focused question guiding this project was as follows: Will an evidence-based staff education program focused on polypharmacy …


Staff Education To Nurses To Lmprove Routine Foot Examinations For Diabetic Patients, Sarah Abrefi Feb 2026

Staff Education To Nurses To Lmprove Routine Foot Examinations For Diabetic Patients, Sarah Abrefi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Diabetes-related foot complications remain a significant cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and lower-extremity amputation, despite strong evidence supporting routine preventive assessments. In many outpatient settings, variability in nursing knowledge, skill, and documentation practices contributes to inconsistent implementation of comprehensive diabetic foot examinations. The purpose of this practice-focused quality improvement project was to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured staff education program designed to improve nurses’ knowledge and competency in performing comprehensive diabetic foot assessments in an outpatient diabetes clinic.A pretest–posttest evaluative design was used to measure changes in knowledge following the educational intervention. Ten registered nurses participated in a structured educational …


Strategies To Engage Physicians In Reforming Healthcare Administrative Policies And Processes, Sara Hunt Feb 2026

Strategies To Engage Physicians In Reforming Healthcare Administrative Policies And Processes, Sara Hunt

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A lack of physician engagement in healthcare reform initiatives is a persistent problem that can negatively affect hospital performance and patient care outcomes. Hospital leaders and healthcare administrators are concerned with low levels of physician engagement because of its association with reduced organizational effectiveness and quality of care. Grounded in the distributed leadership framework, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore strategies hospital leaders used to engage physicians in reforming administrative policies and processes to improve patient service delivery. Semistructured interviews were conducted with five hospital leaders from one hospital in the southeastern United States who …


Optimizing Workforce Planning To Reduce Outsourcing Of Clinical Roles In Physician Practices, Heidi Sontag Feb 2026

Optimizing Workforce Planning To Reduce Outsourcing Of Clinical Roles In Physician Practices, Heidi Sontag

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The increasing reliance on outsourcing of clinical roles in physician practices has raised concerns regarding continuity of care, staff morale, and organizational control over service quality. While outsourcing may offer temporary financial relief, outsourcing often introduces inefficiencies and declines in patient satisfaction. In this integrative review, I identified workforce planning strategies that reduce outsourcing reliance while enhancing organizational efficiency and patient care outcomes. Using the Johns Hopkins evidence appraisal tools, I analyzed sources published between 2022 and 2025 grounded in resource dependency and Herzberg’s two-factor theories. Five thematic areas emerged: organizational efficiency, patient satisfaction, cost management, staff morale and engagement, …


Invisible Man: Mental Health Providers And How Implicit Bias Manifests When Treating African American Men, Jamila Kali Robinson Feb 2026

Invisible Man: Mental Health Providers And How Implicit Bias Manifests When Treating African American Men, Jamila Kali Robinson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

African American men continue to face disproportionate barriers to engagement, accurate diagnosis, and equitable nonbiased treatment in mental health settings. The purpose of the qualitative narrative inquiry was to explore how implicit bias and sociocultural assumptions manifest among mental health providers who diagnose and treat African American men. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, which considers the influences of all the systems that shape an individual’s lived experiences, was the study’s theoretical framework. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five licensed mental health providers who worked in large hospital systems, private practice, or community-based clinics. The interview data were analyzed using Braun and …


Staff Education To Improve Rn Accountability In Interdisciplinary Rounds Using Qr Code Tracking, Jennifer L. Zimmerman Feb 2026

Staff Education To Improve Rn Accountability In Interdisciplinary Rounds Using Qr Code Tracking, Jennifer L. Zimmerman

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Interdisciplinary rounding is essential for effective communication, coordinated care, and patient‑centered decision‑making; however, baseline observational audits on pediatric inpatient units at a large northeastern hospital revealed that nurses were present for only 54% of rounding opportunities, with no formal accountability process. This Doctor of Nursing Practice project aimed to improve registered nurse (RN) engagement and accountability in interdisciplinary rounds through a structured staff education intervention paired with a QR code–based tracking process. The practice‑focused question examined whether educating nursing staff on a QR code rounding system would increase nurses’ knowledge of rounding expectations and positively influence accountability behaviors. Fourteen RNs …


The Moderating Role Of Self-Esteem In The Relationship Between Perceived Gender Bias And Job Satisfaction Among Women In The Technology Industry, Roberta L. Minicola Feb 2026

The Moderating Role Of Self-Esteem In The Relationship Between Perceived Gender Bias And Job Satisfaction Among Women In The Technology Industry, Roberta L. Minicola

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Women employed in the technology industry continue to experience gender-based bias that may adversely affect job satisfaction. Although the deleterious impact of gender bias on women’s job satisfaction has been well documented, the potential of self-esteem to mitigate this impact has not yet been examined. Informed by social dominance theory, the purpose of this quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational study was to examine the moderating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between perceived gender bias (i.e., insufficient support, devaluation, hostility) and job satisfaction among women working in the U.S. technology sector. Data were collected from 138 female technology professionals recruited through Amazon …


Teachers And Administrators' Perceptions Of School Resource Officers, Shameka J. Duncan Feb 2026

Teachers And Administrators' Perceptions Of School Resource Officers, Shameka J. Duncan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

School Resource Officers (SROs) play a significant role in middle and high schools in Metro Atlanta; however little research has included the perceptions of school administrators and teachers about their roles. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to explore the perceptions of teachers and administrators regarding the roles of SROs and their perspectives on the practices that could enhance collaboration among these stakeholders in ensuring school safety. Informed by Gregory’s theory of perception, the study investigated how educators and administrators described their interactions with SROs. Data was gathered via semi-structured interviews with three teachers and three administrators and …


Exploring Strategies For Leadership In Small Businesses, Edward B. King Feb 2026

Exploring Strategies For Leadership In Small Businesses, Edward B. King

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Small businesses face challenges in maintaining leadership continuity. Unstable leadership transitions can jeopardize business survival. Business leaders are concerned with selecting qualified succession leadership to avoid increased business costs and operational disruptions. Grounded in replacement planning theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry project was to identify and explore successful strategies used by business leaders in small Oklahoma enterprises to select qualified leadership successors. The participants were six leaders of small businesses in the U.S. state of Oklahoma who had successful strategies for selecting qualified leadership successors. Data were sourced from semistructured interviews and publicly available organizational documents. Thematic …


Association Between Environmental Exposures To Perfluoroalkyl And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances And Military Veterans Cancer Determination, Stephen A. Pereira Jr Feb 2026

Association Between Environmental Exposures To Perfluoroalkyl And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances And Military Veterans Cancer Determination, Stephen A. Pereira Jr

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This study involved evaluating whether cumulative exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was associated with kidney cancer, bladder cancer, and adult leukemia among U.S. veterans. Pooled National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2005–2015 were analyzed for sample of 2,500 veterans with available serum PFAS measurements and physician-diagnosed cancer histories. This study employed a cross-sectional, correlational design grounded in a post-positivist paradigm. Inclusion required complete data for (a) serum PFAS concentrations, (b) kidney cancer, bladder cancer, and adult leukemia, and (c) covariates age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status, and body mass index. Cumulative PFAS was modeled as a …


The Relationship Between Medical Mistakes, Organizational Culture, And Patient Safety In South Florida Hospitals, Tachaumbi Lamaya Williams Feb 2026

The Relationship Between Medical Mistakes, Organizational Culture, And Patient Safety In South Florida Hospitals, Tachaumbi Lamaya Williams

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The present study investigated the relationship between safety-promoting management structures and medical errors in South Florida hospitals. The purpose of the study was to determine if safety-promoting management frameworks reduce medical errors. Using Donabedian’s model, the main research question focused on whether specific organizational management systems are significantly associated with the frequency and severity of medical mistakes in these hospitals. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional research design, the study analyzed secondary data, initially collected by Leapfrog group. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics to profile the sample’s demographics and baseline characteristics, followed by inferential statistical tests to assess the primary hypothesis. Findings …


Staff Education To Improve Knowledge On Early Recognition Of Staff Burnout In Nurses Working In Long-Term Care, Geraldine Ndeng Akonwah Feb 2026

Staff Education To Improve Knowledge On Early Recognition Of Staff Burnout In Nurses Working In Long-Term Care, Geraldine Ndeng Akonwah

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This doctoral project was a practice-based staff education project aimed at educating nurses concerning early burnout recognition. The educational intervention was chosen to promote awareness and knowledge related to the concept of burnout and self-care among nurses employed in a long-term care facility. The practice problem addressed was the high prevalence of nurse burnout and the limited ability of nurses to recognize early signs of burnout. The problem is significant in nursing practice as burnout is detrimental to the clinical judgment, patient safety, job satisfaction and staff retention. The guiding question of the project was as follows: Does a staff …


Understanding Reporting Decisions: Qualitative Exploration Of Hate Crime Underreporting Among Minority Transgender Individuals, Shanise Anita Benitez Feb 2026

Understanding Reporting Decisions: Qualitative Exploration Of Hate Crime Underreporting Among Minority Transgender Individuals, Shanise Anita Benitez

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Minority transgender individuals experience disproportionately high rates of hate‑motivated violence, yet these incidents remain substantially underreported. This qualitative study examined the social, structural, and identity‑based factors that influence reporting decisions among minority transgender adults in the United States. Guided by Bandura’s social learning theory and Crenshaw’s intersectionality theory, the study examined how participants’ lived experiences, community-based observations, and intersecting marginalized identities influence their perceptions of safety, trust, and institutional legitimacy. Semi‑structured interviews with minority transgender participants were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns related to reporting behaviors, community‑driven coping strategies, and barriers to formal engagement with law enforcement. Findings …


Faculty Perceptions About The Challenges Of Declining Enrollment In A Caribbean University, Courtney Palmer Feb 2026

Faculty Perceptions About The Challenges Of Declining Enrollment In A Caribbean University, Courtney Palmer

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The precipitous decline in enrollment is a concerning aspect of higher education. The problem addressed in this study was that faculty members at a local university on a Caribbean island have faced an approximate 44% reduction in student enrollment over the past six years. Guided by the new learning compact framework (NLC), the purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore industrial technology lecturers' perceptions from one Caribbean Island university about the challenges they experience from declining enrollment and examine their suggestions to improve enrollment. Twelve lecturers with tertiary-level teaching experience at the institution were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. …


Staff Education To Improve Antipsychotic Medication Adherence, Okikiola Oluwabunmi Ogunbunmi Feb 2026

Staff Education To Improve Antipsychotic Medication Adherence, Okikiola Oluwabunmi Ogunbunmi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Non-adherence to antipsychotic medication among patients with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses is a critical issue, contributing to high rates of relapse, rehospitalization, and increased healthcare costs. Despite the necessity of these treatments, patients often struggle with compliance due to lack of insight, side effects, or complex regimens. The project aimed to evaluate how structured staff education interventions increase knowledge and confidence among healthcare providers, regarding medication adherence strategies, including the use of Long Acting Injectable (LAI) antipsychotics and the “teach-back” methods. Staff education programs typically utilize evidence-based tools, pre-and post-intervention assessments, and training sessions to enhance knowledge on …


Understanding Interventions For Generational Trauma From The Experienced Counselors’ Perspective, Christina Ann Cartagena Feb 2026

Understanding Interventions For Generational Trauma From The Experienced Counselors’ Perspective, Christina Ann Cartagena

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Healing generational trauma involves counselors’ understanding and recognizing the symptoms of unhealthy coping mechanisms in adults who witnessed adverse emotional reactions as children. Generational trauma occurs when generations have trouble building healthy relationships and pass unhealthy coping mechanisms to future generations. There has been a reported increase in youth and adults seeking mental health services for generational trauma. The problem was that there was insufficient information about how counselors recognize and respond to the symptoms of generational trauma or what treatment methods or modalities to use to support patients. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to explore the …