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Maximizing The Impact Of Professional Development For Earth Science Teachers, W. M. Frazier, D. R. Sterling Jan 2008

Maximizing The Impact Of Professional Development For Earth Science Teachers, W. M. Frazier, D. R. Sterling

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

This study examines the extent to which follow-up sessions can provide support for earth science teachers as they apply what they learn from professional development coursework during the academic year with their own students. Data include direct observation of follow-up sessions of courses for teachers; interviews with course co-instructors and teacher participants; and, document analysis of teacher products with a focus on the lesson plans, laboratory/activity sheets for students, and virtual field trips that teacher participants submitted and shared during follow-up sessions. Strategies are recommended to assist earth science content faculty in increasing the impact of their work with teachers …

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Two Boats, Three Summers, Five Universities, One Dozen Instructors, And Sixty-Five Teachers: A Collaborative Oceanography Field Program For Earth Science, V. Clark, C. Hopper-Brill, C. Petrone Jan 2008

Two Boats, Three Summers, Five Universities, One Dozen Instructors, And Sixty-Five Teachers: A Collaborative Oceanography Field Program For Earth Science, V. Clark, C. Hopper-Brill, C. Petrone

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

A three-day field workshop was an integral component of the graduate-level course entitled, Oceanography, that was offered by Virginia Earth Science Collaborative Project (VESC) to help Virginia educators earn the earth science teaching endorsement. The VESC partner institutions that offered Oceanographngeorge Mason University, James Madison University, the University of Virginia Southwest Center, and Virginia Commonwealth University-lacked direct access to research and education facilities en the coast. The College of William & Mary, another VESC partner, provided this resource through the Virginia Institute of Marine Science’s (VIMS) Eastern Shore Laboratory in Wachapreague, Virginia. The field program agenda and activities were developed …

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Density Of Gutta Percha By Weight In Straight Root Canals And Curved Root Canals After Single Cone, Cold Lateral, And Warm Vertical Condensation, Gerald Clay Sparrow Jan 2008

Density Of Gutta Percha By Weight In Straight Root Canals And Curved Root Canals After Single Cone, Cold Lateral, And Warm Vertical Condensation, Gerald Clay Sparrow

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to compare the density of gutta percha following three different obturation techniques using two split-tooth models. One split-tooth model was constructed with a straight rooted maxillary incisor and the other with the curved palatal root of a maxillary molar. Each tooth was obturated using single cone, cold lateral, and warm vertical obturation techniques without sealer. Each obturation technique was performed 20 times for each of the root systems. The weights of the gutta percha were recorded for each root type and obturation technique by subtracting the post-fill weight from the pre-fill weight of the …

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Prediction Of Breathing Patterns Using Neural Networks, Pavani Davuluri Jan 2008

Prediction Of Breathing Patterns Using Neural Networks, Pavani Davuluri

Theses and Dissertations

During the radio therapy treatment, it has been difficult to synchronize the radiation beam with the tumor position. Many compensation techniques have been used before. But all these techniques have some system latency, up to a few hundred milliseconds. Hence it is necessary to predict tumor position to compensate for the control system latency. In recent years, many attempts have been made to predict the position of a moving tumor during respiration. Analyzing external breathing signals presents a methodology in predicting the tumor position. Breathing patterns vary from very regular to irregular patterns. The irregular breathing patterns make prediction difficult. …

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The Influence Of Differently Framed Information On Decision Making In The Public Budgeting Process: Does Budget Reform Mean A Damn?, Robert Dennis Malarkey Jan 2008

The Influence Of Differently Framed Information On Decision Making In The Public Budgeting Process: Does Budget Reform Mean A Damn?, Robert Dennis Malarkey

Theses and Dissertations

Public budgeting has become a central artifact of American government – the principal means for establishing and implementing policy. Modern public budgeting was introduced in the early Twentieth Century as an adaptation of objects of revenue and expenditure budgeting used in commercial businesses. Since then - over a hundred years - a series of budget reform movements have sought to overcome a major drawback to this model: the lack of a direct link between revenues and expenditures and any measure of the quality or quantity of public benefits derived from budget allocations. While a number of major budget reforms have …

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Assessment Of Seminary Education On End Of Life Issues, Stefan Hakon Pomrenke Jan 2008

Assessment Of Seminary Education On End Of Life Issues, Stefan Hakon Pomrenke

Theses and Dissertations

Background: The US health care system faces increased costs from end of life (EOL) care. The intensive approach to EOL treatment with greater use of procedures in ICUs has led to decedent spending six times greater than that of survivors in the hospital. Experts in ICU and Palliative care fields have called for greater utilization of end of life planning and education. To date, EOL education has been dominated by the technologically driven medical field and the church has been under-utilized. The US population relies on clergy support for many mental health and EOL issues. Clergy report feeling uncomfortable in …

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The Effect Of Cell Type On The Efficacy Of Cmv Antiviral Drugs, Benjamin Meza Jan 2008

The Effect Of Cell Type On The Efficacy Of Cmv Antiviral Drugs, Benjamin Meza

Theses and Dissertations

Until recently, all in vitro drug susceptibility assays of cytomegalovirus (CMV) were performed in clinically irrelevant fibroblast cells. This study sought to test if drug susceptibility was affected by cell type. MRC-5 embryonic lung fibroblasts and ARPE-19 retinal pigmented epithelial cells were infected with BADrUL131-Y4 epithelial/fibroblast tropic virus under serial concentrations of ganciclovir (GCV) or maribavir (MBV). Virus was quantified using plaque reduction, GFP fluorescence, and yield reduction. Both drugs performed less efficiently in ARPE-19 cells. A cell type effect was observed for both plaque reduction and yield reduction assays with implications for the treatment of CMV retinitis as well …

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Effects Of Smoking And Gender On Tetrahydroisoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines In A Healthy Population And During Alcohol Detoxification, Satjit Singh Brar Jan 2008

Effects Of Smoking And Gender On Tetrahydroisoquinolines And Beta-Carbolines In A Healthy Population And During Alcohol Detoxification, Satjit Singh Brar

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of smoking and gender on 1) tetrahydroisoquinolines (TIQs) and beta-carbolines (BCs) in a population of healthy subjects and 2) TIQs in an alcohol-dependent population undergoing in-patient detoxification. Comparison in plasma TIQs between the populations was additionally conducted. To support the clinical investigations, a HPLC-FD method was developed and validated to assess plasma concentrations of BCs, harman and norharman, while a HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was validated to quantify the TIQs, R/S-salsolinol along with dopamine. Forty-one young volunteers were recruited including 19 nonsmokers (NS), 11 light smokers (LS) and 11 heavy smokers (HS), …

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Properties And Recent Applications In Spectral Graph Theory, Michelle L. Rittenhouse Jan 2008

Properties And Recent Applications In Spectral Graph Theory, Michelle L. Rittenhouse

Theses and Dissertations

There are numerous applications of mathematics, specifically spectral graph theory, within the sciences and many other fields. This paper is an exploration of recent applications of spectral graph theory, including the fields of chemistry, biology, and graph coloring. Topics such as the isomers of alkanes, the importance of eigenvalues in protein structures, and the aid that the spectra of a graph provides when coloring a graph are covered, as well as others.The key definitions and properties of graph theory are introduced. Important aspects of graphs, such as the walks and the adjacency matrix are explored. In addition, bipartite graphs are …

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Virginia Earth Science Collaborative: Developing Highly Qualified Earth Science Teachers, J. Cothron Jan 2008

Virginia Earth Science Collaborative: Developing Highly Qualified Earth Science Teachers, J. Cothron

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

A collaborative of seven institutes of higher education and two non-profit organizations developed and implemented five earth science courses totaling eighteen credits that enabled secondary teachers to acquire an add-on earth science endorsement: Geology 1: Physical Geology (4), Geology II: Geology of Virginia (4), Oceanography (4), Astronomy (Space Science for Teachers) (3), and Meteorology (3). These courses were collaboratively developed and included rigorous academic content, research-based instructional strategies, and intense field experiences. The thirty-three sections offered statewide served 499 participants. Three courses were offered to strengthen the skills of earth science teachers: Teaching Eath Science Topics to Special Education Students …

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Meteorology And Cimatology: On-Line Weather Studies, J. A. Mulvany, M. Bentley, E. Pyle Jan 2008

Meteorology And Cimatology: On-Line Weather Studies, J. A. Mulvany, M. Bentley, E. Pyle

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

Through the Virginia Earth Science Collaborative (VESC), a partnership of nine institutes of higher education, non-profit organizations, and eighty-three school divisions, a 3-credit, graduate-level meteorology course was offered six times between Spring 2006 and Fall 2007. The course, entitled Meteorology, was offered at three locations (Richmond, Abingdon, and Harrisonburg), and a local instructor facilitated each section. Funding for the course development, instructor stipends, and participant expenses (including travel, meals, and tuition) was provided through a competitive Mathematics and Science Partnership (MSP) grant funded through the federal No Child Left Behind legislation of 2001. The framework of the course was the …

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Numerical Analysis Of Respiratory Aerosol Deposition: Effects Of Exhalation, Airway Constriction And Electrostatic Charge, Samir C. Vinchurkar Jan 2008

Numerical Analysis Of Respiratory Aerosol Deposition: Effects Of Exhalation, Airway Constriction And Electrostatic Charge, Samir C. Vinchurkar

Theses and Dissertations

The dynamics of particle laden flows are integral to the analysis of toxic particle deposition and medical respiratory aerosol delivery. Computational fluid-particle dynamics (CFPD) can play a critical role in developing a better understanding of particle laden flows, especially in a number of under-explored areas. The applications considered in this study include both the numerical aspects and the physical phenomena of respiratory aerosol transport. Objective I: Considering the effects of mesh type and grid convergence, four commonly implemented mesh styles were applied to a double bifurcation respiratory geometry and tested for flow patterns and aerosol deposition. Results indicated that the …

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Jules, Emily Oye Jan 2008

Jules, Emily Oye

Theses and Dissertations

The short play Jules is a response to August Strindberg's Miss Julie and Patrick Marber's After Miss Julie. Jules is the story of a wealthy young woman celebrating her Sweet 16 birthday at a lavish "Juicy Couture" theme party in Orange County, California. At the party, her best friend tries to disuade her from falling for a young Mexican immigrant who is catering the party. Jules explores the tensions between rich and poor, the attitude of the privilaged towards the working class, the consequences of relationships, and the attitude that characterizes our "girls gone wild" era.

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Magnetic Nanoparticles Based On Iron: Synthesis, Characterization, Design, And Application, Michael David Shultz Jan 2008

Magnetic Nanoparticles Based On Iron: Synthesis, Characterization, Design, And Application, Michael David Shultz

Theses and Dissertations

Magnetic nanoparticles are of great interest for a wide range of applications. This work has focused on three primary forms of iron based nanoparticles and combinations thereof: α-iron, iron oxide, and iron carbide or cementite. The synthesis of several core-shell particles including cementite-iron oxide, α-iron-cementite, and α-iron-iron oxide was accomplished through reverse micelle routes and high temperature decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl in various media. Structural analysis to confirm the structures was performed using extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) techniques. A rapid characterization technique was developed utilizing a correlation between Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and EXAFS to determine the full …

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Investigation Of Inosine And Hypoxanthine As Biomarkers Of Cardiac Ischemia In Plasma Of Non-Traumatic Chest Pain Patients And A Rapid Analytical System For Assessment, Don E. Farthing Jan 2008

Investigation Of Inosine And Hypoxanthine As Biomarkers Of Cardiac Ischemia In Plasma Of Non-Traumatic Chest Pain Patients And A Rapid Analytical System For Assessment, Don E. Farthing

Theses and Dissertations

Each year in the U.S., approximately 7-8 million patients with non-traumatic chest pain visit hospital emergency departments (ED) for medical evaluation. It is estimated that approximately 2-5% of these patients are experiencing acute cardiac ischemia, but due to the shortcomings of current test methods, they are incorrectly diagnosed and discharged without appropriate treatment provided, thus leading to poor patient outcome and potential medical malpractice litigation.The goals of this research were to evaluate plasma samples for potential biomarker(s) of acute cardiac ischemia prior to heart tissue necrosis, and to ultimately develop a rapid method for detection of the potential biomarker(s) in …

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Journal Of Mathematics And Science: Collaborative Explorations Jan 2008

Journal Of Mathematics And Science: Collaborative Explorations

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

No abstract provided.

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The Influence Of Environmental Factors And Organizational Characteristics On Innovations In Family Medicine Practices In Virginia, Debora Goetz Goldberg Jan 2008

The Influence Of Environmental Factors And Organizational Characteristics On Innovations In Family Medicine Practices In Virginia, Debora Goetz Goldberg

Theses and Dissertations

Family medicine practices are currently threatened by factors such as poor reimbursement, physician stress, shortage of providers, and difficulties in providing prompt access and reliable continuity of care. The external environment faced by family medicine practices is extremely complex and characterized by high pressure from regulatory sources, decreasing reimbursement levels, an increasing rate of change in technologies and care delivery processes, and increasing patient and community expectations. Over the last several years there have been many efforts in family medicine to respond to the challenges presented by the external environment. The majority of these efforts focus on redesigning the delivery …

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Virginia Emergency Department Physician Knowledge Of The Emergent Treatment Of Avulsed Teeth, Joy Leatrice Barnes Phelps Jan 2008

Virginia Emergency Department Physician Knowledge Of The Emergent Treatment Of Avulsed Teeth, Joy Leatrice Barnes Phelps

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge and treatment protocols for physicians in Virginia emergency departments in regards to the emergent treatment of avulsed teeth.Methods: Using a cross sectional survey design, an 8-item questionnaire regarding the treatment of avulsed teeth was emailed to 75 emergency department chairpersons in Virginia. After 30 days, a reminder paper copy of the questionnaire was mailed and an email reminder with the on-line link was sent. After 60 days the study was closed. Comparisons were made using chi-square analysis based on percentages to test for significance. Results: The response rate was …

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Alternative Orthodontic Bonding Protocol Using Self Etching Primer, Rush-Baker Gaines Caldwell Jan 2008

Alternative Orthodontic Bonding Protocol Using Self Etching Primer, Rush-Baker Gaines Caldwell

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the current study was to develop a bonding method that can achieve clinically acceptable bond strength values while leaving a minimum amount of adhesive on the tooth surface during the debonding process. One hundred teeth were randomly assigned into groups. Five different enamel surface preparation protocols were tested (N = 20, each): Conventional acid etch, standard SEP, SEP applied with a light brush stroke (altered SEP 1), SEP applied directly to the composite of pre-coated bracket (altered SEP 2), and Primer Only groups. Brackets were debonded using an Instron universal testing machine (Instron, Canton, MA) in shear …

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Endocannabinoid Modulation Of Spatial Memory In Aversively And Appetitively Motivated Barnes Maze Tasks, John Pinckney Harloe Jan 2008

Endocannabinoid Modulation Of Spatial Memory In Aversively And Appetitively Motivated Barnes Maze Tasks, John Pinckney Harloe

Theses and Dissertations

Genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of the CB1 receptor has been reported to impair extinction learning in aversive conditioning (i.e., conditioned fear and Morris water maze) paradigms, but not in operant procedures in which food reinforcement is earned. It is difficult to discern whether the differential effects caused by CB1 receptor disruption on extinction result from the hedonics (i.e., aversive vs. appetitive) or is related to the required responses associated with these disparate tasks. In order to evaluate whether the hedonics is the determining factor, we used either aversive (i.e., escape from bright lights and air turbulence) or appetitive (i.e., …

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The Effects Of Family, School And Peer Support On The Achievement Outcomes Of African American Adolescents, M. Annette Clayton Jan 2008

The Effects Of Family, School And Peer Support On The Achievement Outcomes Of African American Adolescents, M. Annette Clayton

Theses and Dissertations

This study used survey design to explore the relationship between protective influences (support from parents, teachers and peers, social capital assets, and social support use), contextual risks, and two achievement outcomes in a representative sample of male and female African American high school seniors (N=317). Responses to two questionnaires, weighted cumulative grade point averages, and eleventh grade Virginia English Reading Standards of Learning test scores were analyzed. Multiple regression analysis revealed that some support variables were predictive of better achievement outcomes and others were associated with poorer outcomes. Three of the parent support predictors were associated with poorer achievement outcomes, …

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An Agent-Based Model To Study The Spread And Control Of Epidemics, Ashley Dawn Fuller Jan 2008

An Agent-Based Model To Study The Spread And Control Of Epidemics, Ashley Dawn Fuller

Theses and Dissertations

The world continues to face outbreaks of disease due to natural causes as well as the threat of biological warfare. Mathematical modeling provides an avenue by which to predict and ultimately prevent widespread outbreaks. A wide variety of modeling tools have been used in the study of the spread of diseases, including Ordinary Differential Equations, Partial Differential Equations, and Difference Equations. In this study, an agent-based model is used to study the spread and control of epidemics and is based on Sirakoulis, et al. [1]. The computer program NetLogo [2] is used for simulation. The development and set-up procedures for …

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Role Of The Small Terminase Subunit Encoded By Staphylococcus Aureus Pathogenicity Island Sapi1 In Formation Of Sapi1 Transducing Particles, Nicholas Paul Olivarez Jan 2008

Role Of The Small Terminase Subunit Encoded By Staphylococcus Aureus Pathogenicity Island Sapi1 In Formation Of Sapi1 Transducing Particles, Nicholas Paul Olivarez

Theses and Dissertations

Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity island SaPI1 is a genomic element that is mobilized and transduced at high frequency by helper phage 80α. SaPI1 encodes a small terminase protein that belongs to the phage small terminase subunit family. The presence of SaPI1-encoded small terminase suggests that it plays a role in SaPI1-specific packaging into transducing particles by complexing with the 80α large terminase subunit and redirecting recognition to a pac site on SaPI1 DNA from 80α DNA. The effects of deleting the small terminase genes in SaPI1 and in a prophage copy of 80α are consistent with this hypothesis. Induction of the …

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Comparison Of Emergence Behavior In Pediatric Dental Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia With Sevoflurane Versus Desflurane, Carla Lalande Jan 2008

Comparison Of Emergence Behavior In Pediatric Dental Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia With Sevoflurane Versus Desflurane, Carla Lalande

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To determine which maintenance gas (sevoflurane versus desflurane) resulted in a faster emergence from general anesthesia and investigate the patient's emergence agitation. Methods: One group was maintained during general anesthesia with sevoflurane and the other with desflurane. Upon emergence the patient's behavior was evaluated.Results: The average emergence time for desflurane was 9.8; while the average for sevoflurane was 13.98 minutes. Patients who received premedication had an emergence time of 15.43 minutes, while patients who received no premedication emerged after 8.34 minutes.Zofran® was a significant predictor of purposeful actions. Patients were more aware of their surroundings when they received Zofran® …

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Characterization Of Yeast 18s Rrna Dimethyl Transferase, Dim1p, Nagesh Pulicherla Jan 2008

Characterization Of Yeast 18s Rrna Dimethyl Transferase, Dim1p, Nagesh Pulicherla

Theses and Dissertations

Eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis, a dynamic and coordinated multistep process which requires more than 150 trans-acting factors, has been intensely studied in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This evolutionarily conserved process involves numerous cleavages of pre-rRNA, modification of nucleotides, and concomitant assembly of the ribosomal proteins onto the rRNA. Considerable information is available about the importance of conserved pre-rRNA cleavage events in ribosome biogenesis; however, very little is known about the exact role of modified nucleotides, which cluster within the functionally important regions of the ribosome. One conserved group of modifications is the dimethylation of two adjacent adenosines at the 3´ end …

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Probe Level Analysis Of Affymetrix Microarray Data, Richard Ellis Kennedy Jan 2008

Probe Level Analysis Of Affymetrix Microarray Data, Richard Ellis Kennedy

Theses and Dissertations

The analysis of Affymetrix GeneChip® data is a complex, multistep process. Most often, methodscondense the multiple probe level intensities into single probeset level measures (such as RobustMulti-chip Average (RMA), dChip and Microarray Suite version 5.0 (MAS5)), which are thenfollowed by application of statistical tests to determine which genes are differentially expressed. An alternative approach is a probe-level analysis, which tests for differential expression directly using the probe-level data. Probe-level models offer the potential advantage of more accurately capturing sources of variation in microarray experiments. However, this has not been thoroughly investigated, since current research efforts have largely focused on the …

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The Use Of Implants Vs. Endodontics: Practitioner Attitudes In 2007, Gardiner Mckay Packer Jan 2008

The Use Of Implants Vs. Endodontics: Practitioner Attitudes In 2007, Gardiner Mckay Packer

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine what factors influence dentists when deciding whether to place an implant or perform endodontic retreatment. Null hypothesis: Dentists today are no more likely to place an implant than to perform endodontic retreatment. A twelve-item questionnaire was mailed to 525 general dentists and specialists who are members of the Richmond Dental Society. Response rate was 61.9%. The questionnaire included items on demographics, practice profile and cases of failing endodontic therapy which participants were asked to consider and chose between endodontic retreatment or implant placement. The relationship between the treatment choices and the characteristics …

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Examining The Behavioral And Molecular Aspects Of Adolescent Nicotine Dependence: Implications For Vulnerability To Drugs Of Abuse, Dena Heath Kota Jan 2008

Examining The Behavioral And Molecular Aspects Of Adolescent Nicotine Dependence: Implications For Vulnerability To Drugs Of Abuse, Dena Heath Kota

Theses and Dissertations

Approximately 200 million men and 100 million women smoke worldwide. In the United States, an estimated 25.9 million men (23.9 percent) and 20.7 million women (18.1 percent) are smokers. The commencement of smoking at a young age is thought to increase addiction liability, decrease the probability of successful cessation, and correlate with a higher number of cigarettes smoked per day. Studies from the World Health Organization indicate that between 80,000 and 100,000 children start smoking every day worldwide. These statistics suggest that adolescence is a critical phase for developing nicotine dependence. The work in this dissertation contributes to the further …

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In Pursuit Of Paternal Significance: Fathers' Influence On Their Daughters' And Sons' Sexual Behaviors And Beliefs, Rachel S. Everley Jan 2008

In Pursuit Of Paternal Significance: Fathers' Influence On Their Daughters' And Sons' Sexual Behaviors And Beliefs, Rachel S. Everley

Theses and Dissertations

The United States has the highest teen pregnancy and adolescent STD rates of any industrialized nation. Numerous factors are involved in adolescent sexual decision-making and the social-ecological framework suggests that there are multiple levels of influence on adolescent development, including familial. Utilizing survey data from the Virginia Abstinence Education Initiative (VAEI), this project specifically explores paternal influences on adolescent sexual behavior and beliefs by examining paternal residence in the home, perceived paternal figure sexual beliefs, and father-child relationship factors. Results indicate that paternal figures influence their daughters' and sons' sexual behaviors as well as beliefs. Differences in paternal figure influence …

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Characterization Of Microorganisms Of Interest To Homeland Security And Public Health Utilizing Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Robert A. Everley Jan 2008

Characterization Of Microorganisms Of Interest To Homeland Security And Public Health Utilizing Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Robert A. Everley

Theses and Dissertations

Liquid chromatography/quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC/QTOF MS) utilizing electrospray ionization was employed to monitor protein expression in Escherichia coli and Shigella organisms. Automated charge state deconvolution, spectral subtraction and spectral mirroring were used to reveal subtle differences in the LC/MS data. Reproducible intact protein biomarkers were discovered based on their unique mass, retention time and relative intensity. These markers were implemented to differentiate closely related strain types, (e.g. two distinct isolates of E. coli O157:H7) and to correctly identify unknown pathogens. Notable, was the distinction of multiple serotypes of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli which cannot be distinguished by clinical …

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