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Articles 2521 - 2550 of 6812
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Correlation Of The Order Effect And Anxiety In Relation To The Carbon Dioxide Challenge And Screaming Lady Task, Tulsi Shah
UROP Posters
In the current study, juvenile twins aged 9-13 were asked to perform two psychophysiological tasks, referred to as the carbon dioxide (CO2) challenge and the Screaming Lady task. In the CO2 challenge, participants were asked to breathe enriched air for eight minutes that contained 7.5% CO2 for. Subjective anxiety was assessed every two minutes during a baseline, CO2 inhalation, and recovery period using the subjective units of distress scale (SUDS). The Screaming Lady task was designed to assess a fear-potentiated startle response. Participants were exposed to a classical conditioning paradigm in which loud screams were paired with images of a …
The Effects Of Racial Socialization And Parent-Child Relationship Quality On Emerging Adult Reports Of Racial Discrimination To Parents, Nathasha Cole
The Effects Of Racial Socialization And Parent-Child Relationship Quality On Emerging Adult Reports Of Racial Discrimination To Parents, Nathasha Cole
Theses and Dissertations
The effects of parent-child relationship quality and racial socialization on reports of racial discrimination to parents are examined in an African American emerging adult population. The effects of parent-child relationship quality and racial socialization on reports of racial discrimination to parents are also considered. The influences of demographic characteristics on reports of racial discrimination are also assessed. The purpose of this study is to examine if there are relationships between cultural origin, gender, socio-economic status and reports of racial discrimination to parents. The study also aims to determine if parent-child relationship quality has an effect on whether or not black …
Examining The Relationship Between Gabra2 & Alcohol Drinking Frequency, Jessica Joseph
Examining The Relationship Between Gabra2 & Alcohol Drinking Frequency, Jessica Joseph
UROP Posters
Past research has shown that an individual’s level of alcohol use may depend on various factors, both genetic and environmental, along with the interaction between them. Several studies have found that certain variants within the GABRA2 gene may be associated with elevated levels of alcohol use. This issue is of particular concern in college campuses, where social pressure becomes an important environmental factor. To better understand how genetic and environmental factors come together to influence substance use and emotional health, a group of students attending Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, VA submitted DNA samples and answered survey questions as part …
Detecting Changes In Coherence In Trauma Narratives Using Latent Semantic Analysis, Rose Bono
Detecting Changes In Coherence In Trauma Narratives Using Latent Semantic Analysis, Rose Bono
UROP Posters
Repeatedly writing about a traumatic event can be therapeutic. This may be due to fuller cognitive processing of the traumatic memory. Greater written coherence, or the degree to which ideas relate to one another within a document, is one potential marker of cognitive processing. This investigation set out to determine how assigned writing topic affects coherence in a set of personal narratives (n=246). Participants were asked to come into the lab three times to write about either their daily activities (neutral condition) or the most traumatic event of their lives (trauma condition). The resulting narratives were submitted to a program …
A Performance Effectiveness Model For The Assessment Of Anxiety's Effect On Muscle Activation In Trumpet Players, Hannah Rumsey, Sahil Aggarwal, Erin Hobson, Jeeyun Park
A Performance Effectiveness Model For The Assessment Of Anxiety's Effect On Muscle Activation In Trumpet Players, Hannah Rumsey, Sahil Aggarwal, Erin Hobson, Jeeyun Park
UROP Posters
The purpose of this research study is to analyze the relationship between anxiety and muscle activation in undergraduate trumpet players. sEMG will be used to measure three muscle groups: the upper trapezius, sternoclidomatoid, and masseter. This data will be analyzed along with State Trait Anxiety Inventory anxiety reports of each subject, and with VAS data of perceived anxiety after performing the repeated playing trials. Through covariate data obtained from the anxiety reports and an anxiety-induction experimental protocol, we hope to discover what effect anxiety will have on general muscle activation and fatigue in trumpet players. We hypothesize that subjects with …
Longitudinal Relations Between Parental Monitoring, Parental Acceptance, And Externalizing Behaviors Among Urban African American Adolescents, Rachel Garthe
Theses and Dissertations
The prevalence of aggression and delinquency increase during adolescence and are associated with psychosocial adjustment difficulties. It is important to identify aspects of the parent-adolescent relationship that may protect adolescents from these externalizing behaviors. The current study examined longitudinal relations between parental monitoring behaviors, child disclosure, and externalizing behaviors. Participants included 326 African American adolescents and their primary maternal caregivers, recruited from urban neighborhoods characterized by high rates of violence and low socioeconomic status. Participants provided data annually (three waves across two-year timeframe) through face-to-face interviews. Results of longitudinal path models showed that child disclosure predicted parental knowledge, and parental …
Gabra2, Peer Deviance And Illicit Drug Use In College-Aged Students, Justin Joseph
Gabra2, Peer Deviance And Illicit Drug Use In College-Aged Students, Justin Joseph
UROP Posters
Recent studies have shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GABRA2 gene may influence one’s susceptibility to illicit drug use. In order to determine whether an association is present in young adults, we will be performing a study within the Spit for Science research project at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia. The Spit for Science project aims to understand how genetic and environmental factors come together to influence substance use and emotional health. A cohort of 1523 incoming freshman donated a saliva sample in the fall of 2011 and answered surveys regarding their use of the following categories …
Exposure Of Preadolescent Children To Nonnative Accents And Its Effect On Linguistic Trajectory, Gretchen Mull
Exposure Of Preadolescent Children To Nonnative Accents And Its Effect On Linguistic Trajectory, Gretchen Mull
UROP Posters
Children and adults are often put presented with accents that are outside their realm of familiarity. The purpose of this study was to examine how exposure of preadolescent children to nonnative accents during their linguistic development increases their linguistic flexibility in adulthood. By examining the processes of speech intake, the stages of linguistic development, and the role of experience versus perception, the research clarifies what elements most significantly alter a listener’s ability to interpret unfamiliar speech and during what periods a person is most developmentally available for a a streamline understanding of nonnative speech. This study challenges the argument that …
The Relationship Between Gabra 2 And Illicit Substance Use, Hassan Khuram
The Relationship Between Gabra 2 And Illicit Substance Use, Hassan Khuram
UROP Posters
Spit for Science: the VCU Student Survey aims to understand how genetic and environmental factors come together to influence substance use and emotional health. Previous studies in the literature have shown a relationship between variation in GABRA2 and substance use. It is of great interest to find out whether or not variations in the GABRA2 gene are associated with illicit drug use in this sample. It is hypothesized that polymorphisms in GABRA2 will have an association with increased use of illicit substances. In the fall of 2011, incoming VCU freshman had a chance to take the Spit for Science survey …
Relationship Between High School Antisocial Behavior And The Gabra2 Gene As Moderated By Peer Deviance, Sydney Levan
Relationship Between High School Antisocial Behavior And The Gabra2 Gene As Moderated By Peer Deviance, Sydney Levan
UROP Posters
Spit for Science: the VCU Student Survey (S4S) is a university-wide project that aims to understand how genetic and environmental factors come together to influence substance use and emotional health. We investigated the association between GABRA2 and high school antisocial behavior as well as the potential moderating influence of peer deviance. 1,474 undergraduate students from the 2011 S4S cohort were genotyped at 8 SNPs in the GABRA2 gene and individual sum scores for both high school antisocial behavior and high school peers’ deviance were calculated. This study could strengthen known association findings between GABRA2 and related variables in the literature.
Associations Between Cultural Beliefs And Asthma Self-Efficacy In Pediatric Asthma, Crystal Mcnair
Associations Between Cultural Beliefs And Asthma Self-Efficacy In Pediatric Asthma, Crystal Mcnair
UROP Posters
Cultural beliefs about medication effectiveness have been shown to differ by racial and ethnic backgrounds and can contribute to pediatric asthma disparities. Given that child asthma is managed within the family system, the caregiver beliefs about asthma medications may impact a child’s efficacy to manage their asthma. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between caregiver beliefs about asthma medications and child asthma self-efficacy.
Behavioral Inhibition And Anxiety, Alexis Exum
Behavioral Inhibition And Anxiety, Alexis Exum
UROP Posters
Behavioral inhibition is the relationship between the tendency to experience distress, and the level of withdrawal from unfamiliar situations, people, or environments (Fox et al., 2004). The Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) measures one of the underlying systems of behavior. The goal is to gauge one’s reactions to aversive motive, or the movement away from something unpleasant. Previous studies have examined the relationship between inhibition levels and anxiety or nervousness. Results have shown that adults who suffer from higher levels of anxiety or nervousness as measured by self-reports of nervousness (Carver et al., 1994) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Newman …
Peta's Objectification Of Women, Abir Malik
Peta's Objectification Of Women, Abir Malik
UROP Posters
Over the last few decades, advertisements have objectified and sexualized women as a tactic to attract men into supporting causes and buying products. This research project focuses on the advertisements published by the animal rights group, PETA, People for the Ethical Treatments of Animals, and its deliberate use of degrading images of women to support its cause. PETA advertisements juxtapose barely clad women with animals or animal references, making the viewer see women as animalistic, out of control, and in need of taming or saving. Research shows that the results of such negative advertising tactics are correlated with increased aggression …
Community-Dwelling Older Adults' Adherence To Fall Prevention Recommendations, Suzänne Fleming Taylor
Community-Dwelling Older Adults' Adherence To Fall Prevention Recommendations, Suzänne Fleming Taylor
Theses and Dissertations
Falling among older adults is a leading cause of concern due to the known impacts including physical injury, loss of independence, increased health care costs, and mortality. In efforts to decrease the numbers of falls experienced by older adults, healthcare providers assess individuals’ fall risks and provide corresponding fall prevention recommendations. The effectiveness however, of these recommendations, is only as strong as the level of adherence to those recommendations; which has proven low in recent research. Using the theoretical foundation of the Health Belief Model, this study quantified adherence to environmental fall prevention recommendations. Twenty-two community-dwelling older adults participated in …
Using Classical Music To Increase Productivity In Elementary School Students With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Andrea Nguyen
Using Classical Music To Increase Productivity In Elementary School Students With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Andrea Nguyen
UROP Posters
Currently, physicians use prescription medications to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children known to have low levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine. ADHD children commonly have low adherence to medications used to treat their condition because there is no known dosage to produce the optimal attention span for motivation and focus. The safest method of dopamine production is through natural techniques, which could reduce medication intake and thus side effects. Listening to classical music dominant in consonant sounds has been shown to increase dopamine levels in children with ADHD through the dopamine “reward” pathway in the brain. Because all …
Examining Treatment Fidelity In Motivational Interviewing, Akanksha Patel, Alexandra Sova, Taylor Ihsane-Thomas
Examining Treatment Fidelity In Motivational Interviewing, Akanksha Patel, Alexandra Sova, Taylor Ihsane-Thomas
UROP Posters
Objective: Childhood obesity is a significant health concern, especially in lower income African Americans within the United States. Previous research suggests that programs developed to promote healthy eating and exercise habits have been effective in reducing childhood obesity. One strategy that has been impactful in facilitating those changes is Motivational Interviewing (MI), a brief, patient-centered counseling style used to explore and resolve ambivalence about behavior change. Recent studies have shown that MI has its advantages, such as increasing patients’ sense of control when making healthy choices and promoting overall wellness; however, less research examines treatment fidelity and its impact on …
Do Coping Mechanisms Affect The Quality Of Life In Adolescences Who Have Experienced Trauma?, Anne Simmons, Brianna Epps, Tess Davis
Do Coping Mechanisms Affect The Quality Of Life In Adolescences Who Have Experienced Trauma?, Anne Simmons, Brianna Epps, Tess Davis
UROP Posters
The objective of this secondary analysis was to examine whether positive reframing moderates life satisfaction in children who have experienced victimization in the past year. Previous studies found that children who are frequent targets of peers’ bullying are at risk for a variety of adjustment problems including depression, loneliness, and anxiety (Boulton & Underwood, 1992; Graham & Juvonen, 1998; Hawker & Boulton, 2000). Moreover, coping plays a direct role on the adjustment of children and may be used as a moderator in the effect of a stressor on the life satisfaction of an individual (MacCann, Lipnevich, Burrus, & Roberts, 2012). …
Mindfulness Buffers Exclusion-Related Social Distress, Ami A. Kumar
Mindfulness Buffers Exclusion-Related Social Distress, Ami A. Kumar
UROP Posters
Social rejection is one of the more “painful” experiences humans can endure, affecting long term physical and emotional health (Eisenberger, 2012). Perceiving social rejection can create psychological and social distress (Leary, 2004). A number of studies have sought to understand for whom and under what conditions social rejection would be more, or less impactful. Building on this research, the present study targeted mindfulness—a psychological state that entails receptive attention to one’s present experience (Brown & Ryan, 2003)—as a potential buffer to rejection-induced social distress. Consistent with this, mindfulness is associated with reduced psychological, neuroendocrine and electrophysiological indices of social distress …
Expressions Of Grief And Change In The Poetry Projects Of Bereaved Vcu Students, Michael Pease, Sarah Gilbert, Brittany Amber Holloway, Lubna Zia-Uddin
Expressions Of Grief And Change In The Poetry Projects Of Bereaved Vcu Students, Michael Pease, Sarah Gilbert, Brittany Amber Holloway, Lubna Zia-Uddin
UROP Posters
A large proportion of college students, (40%) have experienced the death of someone close to them (Holland, Currier, & Neimeyer, 2006), but little is known about how college students experience and cope with loss. Expressive writing has been posited as a method for dealing with traumatic experiences (Pennebaker, 1997), but its use with the bereaved has been called into question (Stroebe, Schut, & Stroebe, 2006). A stress management course at VCU allows students to complete loss-focused writing exercises, including acrostic “alphabet poems” for course credit. The current study aims to test the hypothesis that stages of grief (based on Rando’s …
Child Anxiety Sensitivity In Juvenile Adolescent Twins, Laura E. Hazlett, Dever M. Carney
Child Anxiety Sensitivity In Juvenile Adolescent Twins, Laura E. Hazlett, Dever M. Carney
UROP Posters
Child Anxiety Sensitivity in Juvenile Adolescent Twins. Researched by Laura Hazlett from the VCU Psychology Department. Help from faculty mentors Dr. John Hettema, Psychiatry and Dr. Roxann Roberson-Nay, Psychology. Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is a dispositional trait where one is fearful of anxiety symptoms, and is distinguishable from the trait of anxiety itself. (Eke & McNally, 1996). These fears of anxiety-related sensations are an important factor in predicting the emergence and severity of panic symptoms (McNally, 2002). The Child Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI) is the child version of an 18-item self-report questionnaire commonly used to measure anxiety sensitivity. Zinbarg et al. …
Prevalence And Problematic Outcomes Associated With Dating Violence In Emerging Adults, Elisabeth Alison, Chrissy Ammons
Prevalence And Problematic Outcomes Associated With Dating Violence In Emerging Adults, Elisabeth Alison, Chrissy Ammons
UROP Posters
Dating violence is a prevalent problem among emerging adults. As young people explore novel romantic relationships, conflicts inevitably arise that sometimes escalate to the point of violence (Salvatore, Collins, & Simpson, 2012). It is important to understand the prevalence of dating violence among emerging adults and the negative implications that may result. The current study explored the predictive relationship between sexual, psychological, and physical forms of dating violence in both perpetrators and victims on internalizing outcomes. Participants included 209 undergraduate students (78% female) at Virginia Commonwealth University enrolled in an Introduction to Psychology course, between the ages of 18 and …
Beta-Testing Of An Intervention Workbook To Promote Humility, Fatemeh Barghamadi
Beta-Testing Of An Intervention Workbook To Promote Humility, Fatemeh Barghamadi
UROP Posters
A Beta-Testing of an Intervention Workbook to Promote Humility Fatima Barghamadi and Caroline Lavelock Abstract Background: Humility is a virtue that minimizes the importance of the self in the interest of others. It has been associated with a host of benefits, including better self-rated physical health, better relationship quality, higher academic performance, higher patience and empathy, and higher ratings of job performance (Davis et al., 2013; Krause, 2010; Peters, Rowatt, & Johnson, 2011). Lavelock et al. (under review) tested a workbook intervention to promote humility, and in its inaugural efficacy study, this workbook promoted trait humility in its participants over …
Reducing The Risk Of Police Corruption In Guatemala, Adrian Jenkins
Reducing The Risk Of Police Corruption In Guatemala, Adrian Jenkins
UROP Posters
The country of Guatemala has always been plagued by political, security, and socio-economic conditions. These issues have contributed to the country having one of the highest violent crime rates in Central America and being ranked as the third most murderous country in the entire world (Grann, D.). This project will examine one of the factors believed to be most prominent in the country’s security problem, police corruption. The Guatemalan National Civil Police (PNC) officers are confronted with institutional corruption, a homicide rate over five times the world average, insufficient resources, poor training, and distrust from the civilian population (ghrc-usa, 2014). …
Using The Life Story To Promote Identity Formation And Career Decision-Making In An Undergraduate Population, Courtney Jane Belmonte, Jennifer Wartella
Using The Life Story To Promote Identity Formation And Career Decision-Making In An Undergraduate Population, Courtney Jane Belmonte, Jennifer Wartella
UROP Posters
Career decision-making and related preparation can be problematic for undergraduates approaching graduation. Previous studies reveal lack of identity formation can be an important barrier that partially accounts for challenge. Accordingly, this study explores whether a written project that prompts students to look at key experiences that shape identity can strengthen identity formation and career-decision-making in this group. Students completed an LS paper as well as questionnaires before and after paper submission. It was expected that undergraduate identity formation and career decision-making would increase following paper completion. Results partially confirmed this hypothesis. Statistically significant differences were found in career decision making …
A Review Of Life Stories For Themes Of Agency And Communion Within An Undergraduate Population, Courtney Jane Belmonte, Jennifer Wartella
A Review Of Life Stories For Themes Of Agency And Communion Within An Undergraduate Population, Courtney Jane Belmonte, Jennifer Wartella
UROP Posters
Career decision-making and exploration are important activities for graduating undergraduates, yet previous studies reveal many students have not initiated this process in part due to lack of identity formation at this stage of development. A life story review exercise has been identified as one possible strategy for solidifying identity formation and increasing career decision-making and exploration. The Life Story exercise is a writing project that prompts students to write about key experiences that shape their identity. Previous research has demonstrated that these stories often revolve around themes of agency and communion. A recent study indicated that students that completed the …
The Role Of P2x Receptors In Hiv And Opiate-Related Neurotoxicity, Mary Sorrell
The Role Of P2x Receptors In Hiv And Opiate-Related Neurotoxicity, Mary Sorrell
Theses and Dissertations
Emerging evidence suggests that opioid drugs can exacerbate neuroAIDS. Microglia are the principal neuroimmune effectors thought to be responsible for neuron damage in HIV-infected individuals, and evidence suggests that drugs acting via opioid receptors in microglia aggravate the neuropathophysiological effects of HIV. The P2X family of ATP activated ligand-gated ion channels regulates key aspects of microglial function. In addition, opioid-dependent microglial activation has been reported to be mediated through P2X4 signaling, prompting us to investigate P2X receptors contribution to the neurotoxic effects of HIV and morphine. In vitro experiments showed treatment with TNP-ATP prevented the neurotoxic effects of morphine and/or …
Ink (2014-04)
Ink, 2008-
The student-run features magazine covering the fashion, art, music and culture worlds at VCU and in Richmond. Published annually in print and updated regularly online.
Efficacy Of A Self-Forgiveness Workbook: A Randomized Controlled Trial With University Students, Brandon J. Griffin
Efficacy Of A Self-Forgiveness Workbook: A Randomized Controlled Trial With University Students, Brandon J. Griffin
Theses and Dissertations
Insofar as forgiveness of oneself enables one to responsibly manage the consequences of wrongdoing, the practice of self-forgiveness may be essential to the preservation of one’s physical, psychological, relational, and spiritual health. In the present thesis, an intervention wait-list design was employed to investigate the efficacy of a 6-hour self-directed workbook designed to promote self-forgiveness. University students (N = 204) who reported perpetrating an interpersonal offense and who experienced some sense of remorse were randomly assigned to either an immediate treatment or wait-list control condition, and assessments were administered on three occasions. Participants’ self-forgiveness ratings increased in conjunction with completion …