Digital Commons Network^™

Outdoor Recreation Use And Indicators Of The Ecological, Physical, And Social Characteristics Of Recreation Settings In The Central Wasatch: Phase 1 Interim Report, Jordan W. Smith, Anna B. Miller, Chase C. Lamborn, Christopher Monz, Danya Rumore

All Current Publications

The purpose of this study is to explore how outdoor recreation use and its associated impacts can be quantified and monitored over time within the canyons. Establishing indicators of the ecological, physical, and social characteristics of recreation settings throughout the canyons is an essential first step to quantifying and monitoring change. Our goal is to establish a set of indicators that are collaboratively generated and grounded in the best-available science and reflect the unique needs and concerns of the diverse stakeholders and interest groups who use, manage, and depend on the canyons. Through the work detailed below, the Central Wasatch …

The Impact Of Covid-19 On Utah Women And Work: Caregiver Experiences, Marin Christensen, Susan R. Madsen

Marketing and Strategy Faculty Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–21 has affected workers across the globe, and women in the workforce have been disproportionately impacted, including those who live in Utah. The Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute at the University of Utah reported that from 2019 to 2020, jobs held by women declined at a rate more than double that of men, and unemployment rose more for females than males. One major reason for these discrepancies is likely the disproportionate burden women have carried for childcare and homeschooling children as daycare facilities and schools have been closed in efforts to curb the spread of the …

Close Encounters Of The Feral Swine, Rosanna M. Vail

Human–Wildlife Interactions

In this Back Page article, the managing editor of Human-Wildlife Interactions recalls a close encounter with feral swine on the island of Kauai and addresses the balance needed between wildlife management and localized cultural considerations. The journal's upcoming special issue on Island Invaders will include research and management spanning islands around the world, further contributing to broader applications of management strategies.

New Associate Editors, Terry A. Messmer

Human–Wildlife Interactions

New associate editors for special topic submissions include Aaron B. Shiels, Shane R. Siers, and Marco Restani.

Enhancing Existing Isolated Underpasses With Fencing Reduces Wildlife Crashes And Connects Habitat, Bridget M. Donaldson, Kaitlyn E. M. Elliott

Human–Wildlife Interactions

The impact of wildlife–vehicle collisions on drivers and wildlife populations has been gaining attention in the United States. Given the established success of wildlife crossings with fencing in reducing wildlife crashes and connecting habitat, information is needed on cost-effective means of implementation for departments of transportation. When wildlife crossings are constructed, they are often built into new road projects as a series of 2 or more underpasses and/or overpass structures connected by exclusionary fencing. Given limited transportation budgets and the prevalence of maintenance activities more so than new construction in many states, enhancing existing underpasses on previously constructed roads has …

Temporal Trends And Drivers Of Mountain Lion Depredation In California, Usa, Justin A. Dellinger, Daniel K. Macon, Jaime L. Rudd, Deana L. Clifford, Steven G. Torres

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Increasing human populations and expanding development across the globe necessitate continual progress in understanding and mitigating human–wildlife conflict. California, USA has the largest human population and at least half of the state is suitable mountain lion (Puma concolor) habitat. The juxtaposition of high human abundance within and adjacent to mountain lion habitat make California relevant for understanding human–large carnivore conflict. We compiled 7,719 confirmed incidents of mountain lions depredating domestic animals over a 48-year period (1972–2019) to examine temporal trends in mountain lion depredations as well as factors influencing annual depredation rates at the county level. Linear regressions …

Balancing Food Security And Environmental Sustainability By Optimizing Seasonal-Spatial Crop Production In Bangladesh, Man Li, Zhe Guo, Wei Zhang

Applied Economics Faculty Publications

The intensification of crop production has been identified as one of the major drivers of environmental degradation. While significant advances could still be made with more widespread adoption of sustainable intensification technologies that address the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers, the dynamic use of agricultural land across seasons and associated crop-specific responses to fertilizer applications have so far been largely overlooked. This paper explores the potential for improving the economic-environmental performance of crop production through spatially integrated modeling and optimization, as applied to Bangladesh. Results show that per-billion-Taka nitrogen loss from soil would decline by 83% from the baseline level …

Features Of Direct Instruction: Interactive Lessons, Kristen R. Rolf, Timothy A. Slocum

Special Education and Rehabilitation Counseling Faculty Publications

Direct Instruction (DI) teaches challenging academic content to a range of diverse learners. In order to do so, DI includes a complex system for organizing and directing teacher–student interactions to maximize learning. This system includes: instructional formats that specify the interactions between teacher and student, flexible skills-based groupings, active student responding, responsive interactions between students and teachers, ongoing data-based decision making, and mastery teaching. In this article, we describe each of these main features of the system, define their functions, reveal how they are interwoven throughout all DI lessons, and provide specific examples of their application during instruction. Our goal …

Availability And Structure Of Coarse Woody Debris In Hemiboreal Mature To Old-Growth Aspen Stands And Its Implications For Forest Carbon Pool, Silva Šēnhofa, Guntars Šnepsts, Kārlis Bičkovskis, Ieva Jaunslaviete, Līga Liepa, Inga Straupe, Āris Jansons

Aspen Bibliography

European aspen deadwood is extensively studied as a habitat for saproxylic species, while less is known of its dynamics and role in carbon sequestration. We studied unmanaged mature (41–60 years), moderately overmature (61–80 years), overmature (81–100 years), and old-growth (101–140 years) and managed mature and moderately overmature aspen stands on fertile mineral soils. In unmanaged stands, marginal mean CWD volume was from 67.3 ± 12.1 m³ ha⁻¹ in moderately overmature to 92.4 ± 5.1 m³ ha⁻¹ in old-growth stands, with corresponding marginal mean CWD carbon pool 8.2 ± 1.6 t ha⁻¹ and 12.5 ± 0.7 …

Bill Cosby And Rape Culture, Rachel Robinson-Greene

Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications

In 2018, comedian, television personality, and serial rapist Bill Cosby was convicted and sentenced by a jury of his peers to three to ten years in prison for drugging and sexually assaulting Temple University employee Andrea Constand in 2004. The Constand rape was the crime for which Cosby was convicted, but he was accused of very similar crimes by no fewer than 60 women, including two who were underage girls at the time of their alleged assaults. Cosby’s conviction was hailed as a major success for the #MeToo movement, which aims at long lasting change when it comes to misogyny …

Coarse Woody Debris Decomposition Assessment Tool: Model Validation And Application, Zhaohua Dai, Carl C. Trettin, Andrew J. Burton, Martin F. Jurgensen, Deborah S. Page-Dumroese, Brian T. Forschler, Jonathan S. Schilling, Daniel L. Lindner

Aspen Bibliography

Coarse woody debris (CWD) is a significant component of the forest biomass pool; hence a model is warranted to predict CWD decomposition and its role in forest carbon (C) and nutrient cycling under varying management and climatic conditions. A process-based model, CWDDAT (Coarse Woody Debris Decomposition Assessment Tool) was calibrated and validated using data from the FACE (Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment) Wood Decomposition Experiment utilizing pine (Pinus taeda), aspen (Populous tremuloides) and birch (Betula papyrifera) on nine Experimental Forests (EF) covering a range of climate, hydrology, and soil conditions across the continental USA. …

Professional Education To Reduce Provider Stigma Toward Harm Reduction And Pharmacotherapy, Sandra H. Sulzer, Suzanne Prevedel, Tyson Barrett, Maren Wright Voss, Cassandra Manning, Erin Fanning Madden

Extension Research

Aims: A novel professional training was developed to reduce stigma toward harm reduction and pharmacotherapy for substance use disorders.

Methods: The training was delivered over three sessions to n = 147 health professionals in Utah between 2019 and 2020, including n = 40 substance use disorder treatment professionals. Pre and post-training survey measures provided evaluation information on knowledge, attitudes, and planned action regarding harm reduction and pharmacotherapy. Items were grouped into a stigma score, and multilevel modeling, regression analyses, and McNemar tests were used to quantify changes in overall stigma toward harm reduction interventions both before and after the training. …

Practicing Self-Regulation Of Cognition And Motivation During Problem Solving In Engineering And Mathematics, Oenardi Lawanto

Funded Research Records

No abstract provided.

Digital Innovations For Youth Farm Safety Education And Certification Instructors - A Professional Development And Training Program, Michael L. Pate

Funded Research Records

No abstract provided.

The Utah Statesman, July 5, 2021, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

Experimental And Numerical Analysis Of The Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin And The Downstream Scour Depth, L. J. Miranda, R. Sánchez

International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures

This paper presents a study of a tridimensional low-head hydraulic jump stilling basin by using both physical and numerical models. Laboratory tests up to 15 hours in duration were carried out in a 1.9 m wide and 14 m long flume. Four gates produced a jet with a submerged hydraulic jump in a positive-step stilling basin, after which scour developed in a nearly uniform sand bed. Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter, piezometers and image processing were used to collect the hydrodynamic data, and Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations developed in OpenFOAM were tested for validation purposes. Then, the study focused on (1) the …

Three-Dimensional Characterization Of Laboratory Scour Holes Around Bridge Piers, Ana Margarida Bento, Teresa Viseu, João Pedro Pêgo, Lúcia Couto

International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures

The presence of a bridge foundation leads to the formation of a scour hole, from which entrainment and transport of sediments are controlled by the turbulent structures therein developed. Hence, once formed, these scour holes interfere significantly with the scouring process in several ways, for instance, by modifying the incoming flow patterns. Therefore, a three-dimensional survey of the scour hole and the characterization of the deposition features is essential for prevention and safety control purposes. To investigate this, scouring experiments around two oblong bridge piers were performed in a tilting flume of the Portuguese National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (LNEC), …

Scour Downstream Of Log-Frame Structures In The Presence Of Rigid Vegetation, Deep Roy, Simone Pagliara

International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures

Recently, various low-head environment friendly structures have been used to control the sediment transport and preserve river navigability. Among these structures, double winged log-frames are effective for concentrating the flow by decreasing channel width. Moreover, they create scour holes which can be used by fishes as resting spots. Usually, log-frames are placed in mountainous curved channels where there is natural growth of various types of in-stream vegetation in the downstream stilling basin of the structure which influences scour geometry and depth. Therefore, the current study aims to analyze the impact of rigid woody vegetation, placed downstream of double winged log-frames, …

Estimation Of The Efficiency Of Hydraulic Pumps, A. Martin-Candilejo, D. Santillán, L. Garrote

International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures

A sustainable design of water supply systems needs to account operational costs. When pumping is required, the energy consumed by the pumps plays a major part in the operational costs, and the efficiency of the pumps can greatly affect the energy expenses. How to properly estimate the value of pump efficiency is hence of great importance. The aim of this study is to study in depth the efficiency of hydraulic pumps, in relation with the other design variables (flow rate, pumping head, power, etc.). For that, 400 hydraulic pumps were analysed. A strong relationship between the flow rate and the …

Streamflow Duration Curves: Focus On Low Flows, E. Carcano, M. Betasolo

International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures

Flow duration curves (FDCs) express the link between a selected streamflow and the percentage in time such value is exceeded. The curves provide a graphical insight into hydrological regimes, though, the absence of time-series data is a significant shortcoming. Conversely to what happens with hygrograms, flows in FDCs are represented without regard of sequence of occurrence. This paper explores FDCs of 19 catchments for which, at least, 10 years of daily discharges are available. FDCs can be built for any temporal scale (i.e. daily, weekly, monthly). In this study daily discharges have been adopted because daily scale better represents the …

Flow Distribution In Slotted Pipe Bottom Outlets, Felipe Azevedo Paulo, Eder Daniel Teixeira

International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures

Reservoir sedimentation is a major threat to dam operation. It can reduce water storage capacity, clog water intakes, and damage turbine components. Flushing operations by bottom outlets are a mitigation measure that allows removing sediment deposited near the dam. Unfortunately, the effect of such structures is localized if no water level draw down takes place; therefore, investigations of new designs that improve sediment removal have emerged recently. In this work, we present our current results on the investigation of the slotted pipe bottom outlet obtained through numerical modeling. The flow patterns were characterized for different water levels, showing that discharges …

Calibration Of A Hydraulic Model For Seasonal Flooding In A Lowland River With Natural Diversions And Bathymetric Uncertainty, For Dam Downstream Impact Assessment, Getachew E. Mamo, Davide Motta, Martin Crapper

International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures

A method is developed to generate bank-full river main channel geometry, to complement an open-source Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and produce a calibrated hydraulic model reproducing the extent of historically observed overbank flooding. This approach relies on limited surveyed cross section and flow rate information and is potentially suitable for projects in developing countries where the availability of measured data is limited. The method presented is applied to the case of the seasonal flooding of the Baro River in the Gambela floodplain in Ethiopia, modelled with a two-dimensional hydraulic model. The simulated flooding extent for the 1990 wet season is …

Particle Image Velocimetry (Piv) Investigation Of Local Scour Around Emergent And Submerged Circular Cylinders, P. Williams, R. Balachandar, V. Roussinova, R. Barron

International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures

Analysis of the velocity field surrounding a circular cylinder under equilibrium of local scour has been restricted due to practical limitations of commonly used measurement techniques. This investigation summarizes select cases in the literature which have attempted to circumvent such limitations and presents flow field measurements using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Scour tests were conducted in a horizontal flume fitted with a sediment recess containing erodible bed material. Tests were conducted with both emergent and submerged circular cylinders for a period of 24 hours, after which equilibrium was achieved and planar PIV measurements were obtained in the streamwise-vertical symmetry plane. …

Comparison Of Pressure Distribution In 2d And 3d Jet-Driven Scour Processes, Simone Pagliara, Deep Roy

International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures

Water jets impacting on a non-cohesive granular bed cause a dynamic pressure distribution on the surface of the scour hole. Such distribution greatly differs from the hydrostatic one, especially in proximity of the impact zone, where the kinetic energy of the jet is dissipates due to the shear stresses acting on the scour surface. Here, the excess of shear stress causes the erosion of the bed material and can lead to the failure of hydraulic structures. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the forces acting on the scour surface is fundamental to understand the erosion mechanisms. Experimental tests were conducted under …

Modelling Velocity Profiles Of Aerated Flows Down Grassed Spillways, H. Cui, S. Felder, M. Kramer

International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures

The ecological and environmental benefits of grassed spillways present a green solution to the construction of low head conveyance structures. On a grassed spillway, the aggregate of the grass canopy and root structure may alter flow resistance, velocity distribution and other flow properties. While subcritical flows in vegetated open channels have been extensively researched, only little is known about flow properties in supercritical high-velocity flows, which are typically characterized by self-aeration. The current study explores the application of a velocity superposition to supercritical aerated flows on a spillway with artificial grass. Velocity measurements were conducted with a Pitot tube and …

Large-Scale Morphodynamic Impact Of Groups Of Piers On Low-Land Rivers, Abdelrahman Abdou, Daniel Valero, Alessandra Crosato

International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures

This study explores the morphodynamic impact of groups of piers with different configurations (i.e., span characteristics, number of piers, and different reach locations) in a river cross section. It focuses on sandy low-land rivers presenting steady alternate bars and low Froude numbers. A 2DH (vertically integrated) numerical physics-based model (Delft3D) is used to simulate a straight channel, which is inspired from a Nile River reach in Egypt, downstream of the High Aswan Dam. The results show the formation of a forced bar upstream and downstream of the piers and increased deposition over the existing steady bars with different intensities. The …

A Critical Analysis Of Jet-Induced Scour Formulas, J. Di Nardi, M. Palermo, S. Pagliara

International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures

Many studies investigate erosive processes occurring in non-cohesive granular materials downstream of grade-control structures, dam spillways, headcuts, and other hydraulic structures. Because of the complexity of the scour mechanism, the analysis of the scour phenomenon caused by plunging jets is generally conducted by using physical models and particularly for specific structure geometries. In this regard, many researchers proposed empirical approaches to estimate the main scour lengths, but their contributions are limited to tested conditions and cannot be generalized. This lack of generality has been (partially) overcome by other, more recent, approaches, that are either semitheoretical or fully theoretical. Previous works …

Numerical Simulation Of Fish Passage Over A Weir, Linus Kaminski, C. Thorenz, R. Weichert

International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures

Downstream migration over weir structures has been a mostly neglected element of ecological continuity in the last decades. The guidelines currently applied in Germany to prevent damage to fish do not sufficiently consider the conditions present at weirs. To improve knowledge of the risks of fish passage over a weir due to physical strike, pressure changes and shear stress, a numerical method using the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics package OpenFOAM® was developed to simulate fish passage over a weir by tracking passively transported particles. In this study, the method is tested on an overshot and an undershot weir and the …

Effect Of Boundary-Layer Development On The Water-Surface Fluctuations Of Supercritical Flow Below A Sluice Gate, Ryugen Satoh, M. Takahashi, I. Ohtsu

International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures

Hydraulic structures with a sluice gate are commonly used for control of the flow. In supercritical flow below a sluice gate, an accurate estimation of the water depth and boundary layer thickness is important for the hydraulic design of a horizontal apron. The relation between water-surface fluctuations and boundary-layer development has not been clarified. The aim of this paper is to experimentally demonstrate the effect of boundary-layer development on water-surface fluctuations of supercritical flow below a sluice gate. It is shown that water surface begins to fluctuate slightly upstream of the critical point. The water-surface fluctuations and turbulence intensities downstream …

Cfd Simulation Of Supercritical Flow In Narrow Channels Including Sediment Bypass Tunnels, Subhojit Kadia, Elena Pummer, Nils RüTher

International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures

Secondary currents, turbulence characteristics and bed shear stress distribution are the crucial parameters for specifying sediment transport. Hence, to understand the sediment transport in sediment bypass tunnels (SBTs), we performed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of supercritical flow in a narrow straight channel. The results of the steady state simulation (Froude number ≈ 1.8) were compared with experimental results. The commonly used two-equations linear eddy-viscosity models are limited to isotropic turbulence closure and hence could not replicate the desired secondary currents. Therefore, the LRR Reynolds Stress Model was used, and predicted the flow features and the secondary currents (three kinds …