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Chapter 25- Mentoring Programs For Staff Of Educational Institutions: Unm Staff Council Mentorship Program, Amy Hawkins May 2023

Chapter 25- Mentoring Programs For Staff Of Educational Institutions: Unm Staff Council Mentorship Program, Amy Hawkins

Making Connections

In higher education, staff sometimes feel like the third wheel, the step-child, the forgotten ones sitting on the sidelines as students and faculty bask in the warm glow of academia. Administrators in university settings owe duties to (a) faculty and student needs; and (b) staff development, morale, needs, pay, and benefits. The University of New Mexico’s Staff Council was created so that volunteer university staff elected to serve as councilors can advocate for staff by offering recommendations to the university regarding staff development, morale, needs, pay, and benefits. Each can bring constituent concerns to the full Staff Council and its …

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Chapter 27- Networked Mentoring Programs In Academia, Dawn E. Chanland May 2023

Chapter 27- Networked Mentoring Programs In Academia, Dawn E. Chanland

Making Connections

This chapter proposes the value of informal and formalized university networked mentoring programs for the benefit of students, faculty, and staff. As research on networked approaches has proliferated, more university programs that transcend the traditional focus on one-on-one mentoring dyads are also on the rise. Drawing upon the evidence-based and theoretical literatures on networks and formal programs, I discuss four networked approaches that have shown promise to maximize mentoring’s effectiveness in universities. The approaches involve varying degrees of university resource investment. We consider formal program characteristics that predict positive program and relational effectiveness in undertaking networked approaches. In addition, we …

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Chapter 29- Conclusion, David Law, Nora Domínguez May 2023

Chapter 29- Conclusion, David Law, Nora Domínguez

Making Connections

Too often, formal mentoring programs are started at universities without thinking through and addressing the details needed for the program to succeed. As stated at the beginning, the primary purpose of this handbook is to provide a “one-stop shop” resource that guides program coordinators to be intentional and effective in designing, implementing, evaluating, sustaining, and funding their academic mentoring program. In this concluding section, we describe how this book’s chapters and case studies connect to form a comprehensive guide for program coordinators and other stakeholders. Making the chapter’s interconnections explicit makes a needed contribution to the mentoring field, particularly as …

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Introduction, David Law, Nora Domínguez May 2023

Introduction, David Law, Nora Domínguez

Making Connections

This book, Making Connections: A Handbook for Effective Formal Mentoring Programs in Academia, makes a unique and needed contribution to the mentoring field as it focuses solely on mentoring in academia. This handbook is a collaborative institutional effort between Utah State University's (USU) Empowering Teaching Open Access Book Series and the Mentoring Institute at the University of New Mexico (UNM). This book is available through (a) an e-book through Pressbooks, (b) a downloadable PDF version on USU's Open Access Book Series website), and (c) a print version available for purchase on the USU Empower Teaching Open Access page, and …

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Contributors, David Law, Nora Domínguez May 2023

Contributors, David Law, Nora Domínguez

Making Connections

List of contributors for Making Connections: A Handbook for Effective Formal Mentoring Programs in Academia.

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Part I. Mentoring Arena, David Law, Nora Domínguez May 2023

Part I. Mentoring Arena, David Law, Nora Domínguez

Making Connections

The four chapters in Part I of this book practitioners, researchers, and university leaders prepare a firm foundation for their formal mentoring program. Garvey begins chapter 1 with an in-depth synopsis of the origins and meaning of mentoring, beginning with the ancient Greeks and ending with modern developments. Mentoring is differentiated from other developmental relationships such as counseling, coaching, or academic advising. Of great practical importance in chapter 1, Garvey explores the difficulty of creating a singular definition of mentoring in academia and provides an alternative approach to looking at how the dimensions of mentoring can be applied to the …

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Mice As An Animal Model For Japanese Encephalitis Virus Research: Mouse Susceptibility, Infection Route, And Viral Pathogenesis, Jordan C. Frank, Byung-Hak Song, Young-Min Lee May 2023

Mice As An Animal Model For Japanese Encephalitis Virus Research: Mouse Susceptibility, Infection Route, And Viral Pathogenesis, Jordan C. Frank, Byung-Hak Song, Young-Min Lee

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a zoonotic flavivirus, is principally transmitted by hematophagous mosquitoes, continually between susceptible animals and incidentally from those animals to humans. For almost a century since its discovery, JEV was geographically confined to the Asia-Pacific region with recurrent sizable outbreaks involving wildlife, livestock, and people. However, over the past decade, it has been detected for the first time in Europe (Italy) and Africa (Angola) but has yet to cause any recognizable outbreaks in humans. JEV infection leads to a broad spectrum of clinical outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic conditions to self-limiting febrile illnesses to life-threatening neurological complications, particularly …

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Isokinetic Dynamometer Leg Extensor Peak Torque Measurement: A Time-Delayed Reliability And Score Selection Analysis Study, Brennan J. Thompson, Jennifer Xu May 2023

Isokinetic Dynamometer Leg Extensor Peak Torque Measurement: A Time-Delayed Reliability And Score Selection Analysis Study, Brennan J. Thompson, Jennifer Xu

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

The reliability of isokinetic peak torque (PT) has been reported mostly using a short-term ( < ~10 day) inter-trial testing time frame. However, many studies and programs utilize a long-term (several weeks to months) inter-trial testing period. Additionally, the methods by which the PT value is selected and reported from a multiple rep testing scheme have not been well investigated for both reliability and PT absolute performance comparisons. The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term reliability of isokinetic and isometric PT of the leg extensors with an emphasis on the differences among several PT score selection methods. Thirteen men and women (age = 19.5 years) underwent two testing trials separated by 28.8 (±1.8) days. Testing included maximal voluntary contractions of three sets of three reps for two isokinetic contraction conditions of 60 (Isok60) and 240 (Isok240) deg/s velocities, and three sets of one rep of isometric contractions for the leg extensors. The PT score was derived from seven different methods (see text for descriptions). Reliability as assessed from intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) varied widely across contraction conditions and PT score selection parameters. The Isok60 velocity overall had lower reliability (ICCs = 0.48–0.81) than Isok240 (0.77–0.87) across the conditions whereas the isometric PT variables showed moderate reliability (0.71–0.73). Overall the set 1 PT score selection parameters were generally lower (p ≤ 0.05) than those that involved sets two and three. Systematic error (p ≤ 0.05) was shown for 6 out of the 17 PT selection variables. On a subjective interpretation basis, when taking everything into account the best overall combination of time/trial efficiency, reliability, best/highest PT score parameter, and reduced risk of systematic bias appears to be the PT variable that uses the average of the highest two reps of the first two sets of three reps—i.e., averaging the highest two values of the six total reps from the first two sets.

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We're Bringing Spacers Back: Secondary Processing At Utah State University Archives, Kelly Rovegno, Heather Housley, Paul Daybell, Becky Skeen May 2023

We're Bringing Spacers Back: Secondary Processing At Utah State University Archives, Kelly Rovegno, Heather Housley, Paul Daybell, Becky Skeen

Library Faculty & Staff Presentations

Processing can be an iterative process but finding time and resources to re-evaluate existing collections is difficult, especially with backlogs and new acquisitions. However, secondary processing can greatly improve access, discoverability, and the physical condition of the materials. This session examines the process in which Utah State University Archives, as part of a larger cataloging project to modernize University began and carried out an evaluation of collections for secondary processing and rehousing.

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It's Time For An Ead Glow Up! How To Make Finding Aids More Attractive To Users, Paul Daybell, Liz Woolcott, Kelly Rovegno, Andrea Payant, Becky Skeen, Heather Housley May 2023

It's Time For An Ead Glow Up! How To Make Finding Aids More Attractive To Users, Paul Daybell, Liz Woolcott, Kelly Rovegno, Andrea Payant, Becky Skeen, Heather Housley

Library Faculty & Staff Presentations

USU Libraries investigated discoverability of local Encoded Archival Description (EAD) finding aids using different levels of description. The research team created two dueling finding aids of the same collection; one with an MPLP stripped down box level inventory, and the other with a more robust item level of description. Both finding aids were posted online simultaneously and left untouched for over a year. The data was then pulled and assessed for each collection with the more 'glowed up' item level finding aid being, on average, 61x more discoverable than the finding aids described at the file level. Presenters will discuss …

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The Revised Dacs Principles In Action: Applying Modern Practice To Legacy Description, Ryan Lee, Rebecca A. Wiederhold, Becky Skeen, Paul Daybell, Heather Housley, Kelly Rovegno May 2023

The Revised Dacs Principles In Action: Applying Modern Practice To Legacy Description, Ryan Lee, Rebecca A. Wiederhold, Becky Skeen, Paul Daybell, Heather Housley, Kelly Rovegno

Library Faculty & Staff Presentations

Since SAA revised DACS's archival description principles from 8 concepts into 11 reworked value statements in 2019, archivists have wondered how to incorporate the revised principles into existing description practices. Archivists from BYU and USU libraries have undertaken large projects on legacy collections informed by these principles. We invite attendees to learn from our experiences in implementing current DACS principles while grappling with less-than-ideal records. BYU will describe a project to revise the description of a significant collection of Mesoamerican materials after discovering the finding aid had serious problems introduced by previous revisions by archivists. USU will describe an undertaking …

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Swietenia Mahagoni Leaves Extract: Antifungal, Insecticidal, And Phytochemical Analysis, Wael M. Khamis, Ahmed A. Heflish, Sarah El-Messeiry, Said I. Behiry, Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar, Yiming Su, Ahmed Abdelkhalek, Mohamed K. Gaber May 2023

Swietenia Mahagoni Leaves Extract: Antifungal, Insecticidal, And Phytochemical Analysis, Wael M. Khamis, Ahmed A. Heflish, Sarah El-Messeiry, Said I. Behiry, Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar, Yiming Su, Ahmed Abdelkhalek, Mohamed K. Gaber

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

In this study, we investigated the antifungal properties of an acetone extract derived from the leaves of Swietenia mahagoni (SMAL) against two isolated fungi, Fusarium equiseti (OQ820153) and Rhizoctonia solani (OQ820152), from rice sheath. The extract was effective in inhibiting the growth of both fungi at the highest concentration tested, 3000 μg·mL−1. Laboratory tests on the LC20 of SMAL extract (49.86 mg·L−1) versus pyriproxyfen 10% EC (1.96 mg·L−1) were accomplished on Aphis gossypii Glover. The extract potently reduced the survival of the nymphs (49.58%) more than the other treatments. The longevity of nymphs treated …

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Spectral Fits Of Brown Dwarfs: Discovering Trends Across The Spectral Type Sequence, Savanah Turner, Denise Stephens, Conner Scoresby May 2023

Spectral Fits Of Brown Dwarfs: Discovering Trends Across The Spectral Type Sequence, Savanah Turner, Denise Stephens, Conner Scoresby

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Brown dwarfs are substellar objects that form like stars but never achieve the core temperatures and pressures needed to ignite hydrogen fusion. These "failed stars" have been shown to exhibit complex atmospheres similar to those of planets, making them useful analogs for exoplanets. As a brown dwarf cools over time, different cloud species condense or fall below the surface of the atmosphere, causing changes in the resulting spectrum of the object. Comparison of theoretical atmospheric models to real brown dwarf spectra can provide insight into the physical and chemical processes occurring in the atmosphere of the object. We have fit …

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Comparing A 3-D Printed Hemispherical-Head And Rankine Body Probe Shapes For Very Low Speed Air Data Measurements, Stephen A. Whitmore, Zheng Qi C. Case May 2023

Comparing A 3-D Printed Hemispherical-Head And Rankine Body Probe Shapes For Very Low Speed Air Data Measurements, Stephen A. Whitmore, Zheng Qi C. Case

Utah Space Grant Consortium

This study investigates the feasibility of using Flush Air Data Sensing (FADS) System technology for air data measurements at the very low-airspeeds, where many Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) operate. FADS is a non-intrusive alternative to pitot probes, where the vehicle nosecone, wing leading edge, or other aerodynamic surface is configured with multiple pressure-ports distributed along the windward surface. Although FADS technology has been used for a variety of high-speed aircraft, FADS has never been applied to very low-airspeed flight regimes. This study reports on wind tunnel tests of two 3-D printed shapes: 1) a cylindrical body with a hemispherical head, …

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Continuous-Time Trajectory Estimation For Differentially Flat Systems, Jacob C. Johnson, Joshua G. Mangelson, Randal W. Beard May 2023

Continuous-Time Trajectory Estimation For Differentially Flat Systems, Jacob C. Johnson, Joshua G. Mangelson, Randal W. Beard

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Continuous-time estimation using splines on Lie groups has been gaining traction in the literature in recent years due to their ability to incorporate high-frequency sensor data without introducing new optimization parameters. However, evaluating time derivatives and Jacobians of Lie group splines is computationally expensive, limiting their use mainly to offline applications. Motivated by the trajectory planning literature, we develop a new estimation technique that leverages the differential flatness property of many dynamic systems to define the spline in the system's flat output space, which is often Euclidean, and show an example of its use with the unicycle dynamic model. We …

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One-Dimensional Radial Turbomachinery Modeling, Chase Oliphant May 2023

One-Dimensional Radial Turbomachinery Modeling, Chase Oliphant

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Centrifugal flow impellers are commonly used in a wide variety of industrial machines. Predicting the performance of these impellers over the entire operating range is key to the system development during the early design stages. The two element in series (TEIS) and two-zone model can be used to accurately predict impeller performance based on flow physics and empirical correlations. Correlations were made with linear regression on a database of 50 pumps and 75 impellers. These correlations were later found to only apply to designs that are similar to those in the database. This paper proposes a new method to generate …

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A Preliminary Review And Discussion Of Metrics For Origami-Based Deployable Arrays, Katie Varela, Spencer P. Magleby May 2023

A Preliminary Review And Discussion Of Metrics For Origami-Based Deployable Arrays, Katie Varela, Spencer P. Magleby

Utah Space Grant Consortium

When designing deployable structures, there are many things to consider that help the deployment method integrate with the system. Preliminary metrics are proposed to help rate the deployment systems to determine the best methods for each application. The top four metrics that apply to most space applications are mass, usable area, volume, and energy. Additional considerations that are less quantifiable are included for the value they contribute to the system. Trade-offs may be necessary for different applications.

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Experimental Characterization Of Internal Wave Generation By Multiple Peak Topographies, Natasha Wilson, Julie Crockett May 2023

Experimental Characterization Of Internal Wave Generation By Multiple Peak Topographies, Natasha Wilson, Julie Crockett

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Internal waves are generated in the oceans and atmosphere and play an important role in their energy budgets. The semidiurnal oscillation of the tides over topography in the oceans combined with the density stratification can create internal waves that radiate away from their source. The effect multiple peaks on a single topography has on internal wave generation is explored. Three and four topography peaks create three and four crests respectively in the internal wave beams. Five and six peak topographies generate internal wave beams characterized by two bounding crests and several smaller crests in the middle of the beam. In …

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Development, Modeling And Performance Analysis Of An Electric Vtol Aircraft With Tiltable Rotors, Clayton Spencer, Samantha Burton, Tianyi He May 2023

Development, Modeling And Performance Analysis Of An Electric Vtol Aircraft With Tiltable Rotors, Clayton Spencer, Samantha Burton, Tianyi He

Utah Space Grant Consortium

In this paper, the development and modeling of an electric Vertical-Take-Off-and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft with tiltable rotors. The front two rotors have tilting capability for transition flight from vertical take-off to forward-direction level flight. This paper focuses on the design and analysis of an eVTOL aircraft platform. The study includes layout and system architecture, the selections and optimization of components, such as electric motors, batteries, and controllers, as well as the integration of these components into the overall aircraft system. In addition, the dynamical model is derived as a nonlinear differential equation. Afterwards, a linearization-based model and Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) …

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Fabrication Of Metallic Far-Infrared Filters, Jared E. Payne, Joseph Eddy, Hunter R.J. Stevenson, Brad Ferguson, Ryan T. Beazer, Gregory N. Nielson, Stephen M. Shultz May 2023

Fabrication Of Metallic Far-Infrared Filters, Jared E. Payne, Joseph Eddy, Hunter R.J. Stevenson, Brad Ferguson, Ryan T. Beazer, Gregory N. Nielson, Stephen M. Shultz

Utah Space Grant Consortium

A far-infrared filter is fabricated by creating metallic squares on a dielectric substrate. This capacitive metallic filter is fabricated using direct write laser ablation consisting of a femtosecond laser in combination with a high numerical aperture objective. A representative capacitive filter is fabricated on soda-lime glass substrate with a period of 100 µm and separation width of 30 µm. A capacitive filter was also fabricated on a thin film polypropylene substrate with similar dimensions. The filter was tested and the frequency response is discussed.

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Facilitation Of Deployable Antennas Using A Panel Structure Optimization Framework, Nathan Coleman May 2023

Facilitation Of Deployable Antennas Using A Panel Structure Optimization Framework, Nathan Coleman

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Origami has become a popular method for beginning mechanical design due to its ability to stow compactly and deploy to a large area. One common origami pattern is the Flasher, which has a roughly circular shape and aspect ratio, centers around a polygon which can be grounded, and is easily extensible. Because of these advantages, the Flasher is a candidate for many deployable applications, including space-based optical telescopes, LiDaR telescopes, solar arrays, and reflectarray antennas. One of the primary difficulties when implementing the Flasher pattern is that it is not rigid-foldable and is subject to panel interference at high-degree vertices. …

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Optimizing Nitrogen Use For Continuous Recycling In Closed Life Support Systems, Noah J. Langenfeld, Bruce Bugbee May 2023

Optimizing Nitrogen Use For Continuous Recycling In Closed Life Support Systems, Noah J. Langenfeld, Bruce Bugbee

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Nitrogen (N) is needed by plants in the highest amount among root-zone-derived nutrients. Closed life-support systems for space missions will rely on in-situ food production for long-term sustainability, but high resupply and N fixation costs necessitate N recycling to support human nutrition for extended mission durations. We studied combinations of four N forms [ammonium, nitrate, urea, and N-fixing bacteria (protein)] for their use as an optimal N source for lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown in peat moss in two container sizes (1.7 L and 8 L). Plants grown with ammonium nitrate consistently had the highest mass. When ammonium, urea, or microbial …

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Lasso (L1) Regularization For The Development Of Sparse Remote Sensing Models Of Water Quality, Anna C. Cardall, Riley C. Hales, Kaylee B. Tanner, Gustavious P. Williams, Kel N. Markert May 2023

Lasso (L1) Regularization For The Development Of Sparse Remote Sensing Models Of Water Quality, Anna C. Cardall, Riley C. Hales, Kaylee B. Tanner, Gustavious P. Williams, Kel N. Markert

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Remote sensing data (data contained in satellite imagery) are used extensively to monitor waterquality parameters such as clarity, temperature, and chlorophyll-a (chl-a). This is generally done bycollecting in situ data coincident with satellite data collections, then creating empirical water qualitymodels using approaches such as multi-linear regression or step-wise linear regression. Theseapproaches, which require modelers to select model parameters, may not be well-suited for opticallycomplex waters, where interference from suspended solids, dissolved organic matter, or otherconstituents may act as “confusers”. For these waters, it may be useful to include non-standard terms,which might not be considered using traditional methods. Recent machine learning …

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Measuring The Period Of Variable Stars In Ngc 188, Molly Christensen, Connor Smith, Christian Draper May 2023

Measuring The Period Of Variable Stars In Ngc 188, Molly Christensen, Connor Smith, Christian Draper

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Galactic cluster NGC 188 is 1.93 kpc away located in the constellation Cepheus. This cluster is one of the oldest clusters that contain W UMa stars W UMa variables are a type of eclipsing binary butare unique because they share an envelope of materia laround two stars. According to Simbad there are 741 interacting binaries in NGC 188. 70 of these are eclipsing binaries. We chose NGC 188 because it is an ideal place to study the evolution of W UMa stars because it is one of the oldest galactic clusters with this type of star. Despite the overabundance of …

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The First Snap Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances, Mikaela Cowles, Joseph B. Jensen, Brent Tully, John P. Blakeslee, Ehsan Kourkchi May 2023

The First Snap Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances, Mikaela Cowles, Joseph B. Jensen, Brent Tully, John P. Blakeslee, Ehsan Kourkchi

Utah Space Grant Consortium

We have successfully acquired F110W (J-band) images of 68 massive elliptical galaxies inclusters and groups out to 80 Mpc by taking advantage of the efficient Hubble Space Telescope SNAP observing mode. We used the Surface Brightness Fluctuation (SBF) technique to measure distances to 44 of the galaxies so far with a typical uncertainty of ~5% indistance by implementing a new Python-based pipeline to simplify and automate the SBF analysis procedure. This new SNAP sample doubles the total number of IRSBF distances to galaxies beyond 50 Mpc. The new distances will allow for more accurate determination ofthe mass distribution in the …

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Modelling Filter Response Of Galactic Emission Line Spectra, Jessica Johnson, Christian Draper May 2023

Modelling Filter Response Of Galactic Emission Line Spectra, Jessica Johnson, Christian Draper

Utah Space Grant Consortium

The overall goal of our research is to begin to make a map of the universe in order to find evidence for the cold dark matter theory. Dark matter, which is 85% of all matter, does not interact with light, making it invisible to telescopes. However, we know it exists due to its gravitational effects on visible matter, which can be hard to detect.

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Collisional Losses In A Vasimr (Variable Specific-Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket), Benjamin Miera, Philip Matheson May 2023

Collisional Losses In A Vasimr (Variable Specific-Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket), Benjamin Miera, Philip Matheson

Utah Space Grant Consortium

A VASIMR (Variable Specific-Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket) engine is an electrically-powered engine that uses plasma as a propellant for accelerating spacecraft in the vacuum of space. The VASIMR engine is designed to provide higher specific impulse and greater thrust efficiency compared to traditional chemical rockets. The engine works by ionizing a gas, such as argon or hydrogen, and heating it to extremely high temperatures to create a plasma. This plasma is then accelerated and ejected out of the engine at high speeds, producing thrust. VASIMR is seen as a promising technology for future deep space missions due to its potential to …

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Creating A System For Automated Imaging Of Atmospheric Gravity Waves, James Morley, Kim Nielsen May 2023

Creating A System For Automated Imaging Of Atmospheric Gravity Waves, James Morley, Kim Nielsen

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Atmospheric gravity waves are disturbances in the atmosphere and near-space environments caused by displacement of air in a stable environment. These waves transport energy away from the source of the disturbance and can transfer large amounts of energy between atmospheric regions through wave dissipation. One of the regions of most energy transfer is the mesopause region, in the transition between the Earth's atmosphere and the near-space environment. This is a region that is difficult to observe, but the presence of certain atoms and molecules allows for remote sensing of faint emissions called airglow. As the waves pass through the airglow, …

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Characterization, Comparison And Confirmation: Atmospheric Composition Of Wasp-39b With Jwst, Brian Seamons, Joshua Lothringer May 2023

Characterization, Comparison And Confirmation: Atmospheric Composition Of Wasp-39b With Jwst, Brian Seamons, Joshua Lothringer

Utah Space Grant Consortium

In late 2022, astronomers from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team (ERS) observed WASP-39b, an ultra hot (1200 K) planet with a Jupiter-like radius and Saturn-like mass using the JWST Near InfraRed Spectrograph (NIRSpec), which provides broad-wavelength observations between (0.5 and 5.5 μm). Zafar Rustamkulov et al. 2023 revealed that they had not only confirmed previous characterizations of WASP-39b’s atmosphere by the Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes, but found strong evidence for multiple chemicals, such as Na, H2O, CO2, CO, and surprisingly, SO2 .

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A Generative Adversarial Network For Image Reconstruction, Jeremy Tait, Eliza Ballantyne, Ellie Evans, Vern Hart May 2023

A Generative Adversarial Network For Image Reconstruction, Jeremy Tait, Eliza Ballantyne, Ellie Evans, Vern Hart

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Survival rates for most cancers have increased steadily over the past few decades as new technologies have led to better treatment outcomes. However, this process often relies heavily on the detection of cancer in its earliest stages, before symptoms occur or a tumor is visible in a CT or MR image. This is particularly true for diseases such as pancreatic cancer that exhibit almost no symptoms until very late stages and have extremely low survival rates as a result. Even some commonly treatable diseases, such as breast cancer, become far more problematic in later stages. As such, any efforts to …

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