Digital Commons Network^™

Effects Of Soil Heterogeneity On One-Dimensional Infiltration, Charles Courette, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

A parameter study for heterogeneous infiltration was performed employing a one-dimensional computer program. Soil heterogeneity was defined by linear variations of soil parameters. From the solutions obtained, the instantaneous and accumulative infiltration rates were correlated versus the rate in which the parameters varied in the soil profile. The end result being coaxial graphs from which a relative infiltration rate may be obtained by inputting time and the rates of change of various soil parameters.

Estimation Theory Applied To River Water Quality Modeling, David S. Bowles, William J. Grenney, J. Paul Riley

Reports

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to represent BOD, DO, and nitrogen cycling in a 36.4 miles (58.6 km) stretch in the Jordan River, Utah, under the assumption of steady-state conditions. Approximate minimum variance estimates of the water quality parameters are provided by the EKF filter. These estimates are obtained through a combination of two independent estimates of the state of the river water quality system: (1) predictions of the system state from a "phenomenologically meaningful" process model of the biochemical and stream transport processes; and (2) measurements of the water quality parameters. These two estimates are combined by …

Upgrading Aerated Lagoon Effluent With Intermittent Sand Filtration, Richard P. Bishop, James H. Reynolds, Daniel S. Filip, E. Joe Middlebrooks

Reports

Intermittent sand filtration was evaluated as a means of upgrading the quality of aerated lagoon effluents to satisfy the requirements of PL 92-500. The aerated lagoon in question treats the wastes from a milk and cheese factory located in northern Utah. The treatment system consists of two diffused air aeration ponds followed by a facultative settling pond, were applied to pilot scale intermittent sand filters with 0.17 mm and 0.40 mm effective size sands. The filters were loaded hydraulically from 0.25 million gallons per acre per day to 1.0 million gallons per acre per day. It was found that sand …

Environmental Quality Management In A Region With External Development Pressures, A. Bruce Bishop, Rangesan Narayanan, Lloyd E. Peterson, Roger D. Hansen, Matthew B. Conover

Reports

The objective of this study was to examine the problems of managing residuals and environmental quality in a region facing potentially rapid growth as a consequence of externally made development decisions. The research adapted and applied the residuals environmental management concept which recognizes the need for an integration of physical methods, implementation incentives and institutional arrangements in controlling air, water and solid residuals. The area selected for study, the Uintah Basin in Southeastern utah, has the potential for extensive energy resource and mineral development and could experience a large population influx and accelerated economic growth as a result. in the …

Stochastic Integration, Diane Knipfer

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Differential equations have been used to model physical systems, but in many processes this has not been sufficient due to the presence of random occurrences in the system. One method of dealing with this problem is to model the system as a stochastic or random process.

A stochastic process, x, is a function mapping the product of a probability space, Ω, and a subset of the real numbers, TcR, into the real numbers, x: Ω*T→R. In many physical situations, T can be thought of as representing time and Ω as all possible outcomes of the process. For a fixed t …

Specific Hypotheses In Linear Models And Their Power Function In Unbalanced Data, Seyed Mohtaba Taheri

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

A hypothesis is a statement or claim about the state of nature. Scientific investigators, market researchers, governmental decision makers, among others, will often have hypotheses about the particular facet of nature, hypotheses that need verification or rejection, for one purpose or another. Statisticians concerned with testing hypotheses using unbalanced data on the basis of linear models have talked about the difficulties involved for many years but, probably because the problems are not easily resolved, there is yet no satisfactory solution to these problems

Evaluation Of An Experiment After Analysis Of Variance, Abdullah Sulaiman Atheem

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

If experimental data are obtained according to an experimental design for which analysis of variance (AOV) is appropriate, the result of the analysis is one of the following decisions:

1. A significant difference exists among treatment effects.

2. No significant difference exists.

Interpretation in the first case has been studied very thoroughly by many statisticians resulting, for example, in the multiple comparison procedure. Too often, in the second case, the AOV analysis is thought to be completed with no further attempt to interpret a nonsignificant outcome.

Of the many possible explanations for significance in the first case, the multiple comparison …

Runoff Estimates For Small Rural Watersheds And Development Of A Sound Design Method: Volume I. Research Report, Joel E. Fletcher, A. Leon Huber, Frank W. Haws, Calvin G. Clyde

Reports

Foreword: This report is composed of thee volumes; Volume I is the Research Report; Volume II consists of recommendations for establishing design manuals and Appendices B, C, D, E, F, G, and H, which are the design aids required for establishing design manuals; Volume III consists of Appendix A, and accumulation of the data base used in the study, FHWA chose to arrange the report as described to facilitate distribution of the results. The methods reported herein are designated as the Federal Highway Administration Methods are designed to be applied to watersheds smaller than 50 square miles but may be …

Runoff Estimates For Small Rural Watersheds And Development Of A Sound Design Method. Volume Ii, Recommendations For Preparing Design Manuals And Appendices B, C, D, E, F, G, & H, Joel E. Fletcher, A. Leon Huber, Frank W. Haws, Calvin G. Clyde

Reports

Frequency analyses of more than 1,000 small watersheds in the United States and Puerto Rico were used to develop the estimation method for design of peak flow for ungaged watersheds. This method, called the Federal highway Administration (FHWA) method, is conceptually similar to the Bureau of Public Roads (BRP) method developed by W. D. Potter. The FHWA method relates the runoff peak to easily determined hydrophysiographic parameters and is intended for use on watersheds smaller than 50 square miles. The concept of risk is incorporated inot the design procedure. The risk is the probability that one or more events will …

Mixed Integer Programming Models For Water Resources Management, Brad A. Finney, William J. Grenney, A. Bruce Bishop, Trevor C. Hughes

Reports

A regional water quality control model is developed by linking a steady-state water quality simulation model with an optimization model. The water quality simulation model can be applied to complex river systems with both point and nonpoint loads using multiple interdependent pollution parameters described by either linear or nonlinear equations. Twelve water quality parameters can be modeled simultaneously: four non conservative constituents (or conservative constituents if the decay rate is set equal to zero); coliform bacteria (MPN); phosphorus; biochemical oxygen demand (BOD); ammonia (NH3); nitrate (NO3); dissolved oxygen (DO); temperature (°C); and algae. The water quality model is used to …

Biomass And Nutrient Content Of Green Material The Size Of Medium And Large Litter, William E. Miller

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Utah Science Vol. 37 No. 4, Decemer 1976

Utah Science

Agricultural Research: Your Dollars Working for You 99

A New Look at Snowmold Rex F. Nielson and Raymond L. Cartee Snowmold no longer has to be endured as an irresistible threat to winter wheat. Properly timed applications of furnace ash give effective protection 100

Cereal Disease Research James A. Hoffmann By attacking the organisms on fronts other than plant resistance, a recently expanded USDA research program may provide the key to a durable control of dwarf smut. 103

Dwarf Smut vs. Winter Wheat in Utah Wade G. Dewey The perennial battle between plant breeders and dwarf smut organisms waxes with …

Leaf Epidermal Transmittance Of Ultraviolet Radiation And Its Implication For Plant Sensitivity To Ultraviolet-Radiation Injury, Ronald Robberecht

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Leaf epidermal transmittance of ultraviolet radiation (280-400 nm) was examined in several plant species to determine the capability of the epidermis to attenuate solar ultraviolet radiation. Epidermal samples were mechanically isolated and examined with a spectroradiometer/integrating sphere for transmittance. A survey of 25 species exposed to natural insolation was conducted. Although the species differed in life form, habitat type, and epidermal characteristics, epidermal transmittance was generally less than 10%. Ultraviolet radiation was attenuated 95 to 99% in more than half of the species. In 16 species, flavonoid and related pigments in the epidermis accounted for 20 to 57% of the …

A Survey Of Archeological And Historical Resources Within The Bonneville Unit Of The Central Utah Project, Frank W. Hull, Craig W. Fuller

Elusive Documents

Four small archeological sites were found but were of insufficient significance to warrant their further study or preservation. Providing the enlargement of Deer Creek Reservoir represents the only alternative, a comprehensive study of the community and its historic resources has been recommended, especially as it relates to the use of land and water. In addition, study has been recommended of the settlement as it relates to the understanding of agricultural development in Utah.

Utah Science Vol. 37 No. 3, September 1976

Utah Science

Focus on Nutrition in the Bicentennial Year R. Gaurth Hansen 67

The Science of Nutrition 1776-1976 William J. Darby 70

Animal Nutrition - Current Research 75

Computerized Rations for Increasing Profits from Dairy Cows M. J. Anderson 80

Feed Analyses - Key to Effective Rations M. J. Anderson 83

Foods Instead of Drugs - To Offset Diuretic Potassium Losses Bonita W. Wyse, Ann Sorenson, Arthur J. Wittwer, R. Gaurth Hansen 86

Growing Old in Utah - The Nutrition Side Deloy G. Hendricks, Sharon Fisher, Flora Bardwell, Arthur W. Mahoney 91

Effect Of Fertilizer And Moisture On Seed Yield Of Onion, N. S. Shasha'a, W. F. Campbell, William P. Nye

All PIRU Publications

Inbred onions, Allium cepa L, were grown with different levels of fertilizer and soil. moisture to determine treatment influence on seed yield. Nitrogen (253 kg/ha) alone or in combination with P (162 kg/ha> reduced plant survival, umbels per plant, pollination index, and seed yield where soil moisture was low but the reduction was nil. or not as severe where soil moisture was high.

Evaluating Parents And Prediciting Performance Of Synthetic Alfalfa Varieties, Thad H. Busbice, Ramzy Y. Gurgis

Bu

One hundred random clones from 'Cherokee' alfalfa (Mediccigo sativa L.) were evaluated by self-(S,), topcross-, and clonal-progeny tests. Clonal progenies were most effective, topcross progenies moderately effective, and S, progenies the least effective in predicting first-cross yield. Forage yield was mostly independent of self-fertility. Nine clones were selected for yielding ability based on the progeny tests. The nine clones, their S, families, the diallel set of single-cross families from the nine clones, and the Syn 1 and Syn 2 generations of 10 synthetic varieties from the nine clones were evaluated. The best single-cross family yielded 150 7c; the best Syn …

Innovative Wind Machines, Executive Summary And Final Report, United States, Energy Research And Development Administration, Division Of Solar Energy

Fuel Sources

The work reported herein was supported by the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration through the National Science Foundation, and represents an initial evaluation of two innovative wind machines. The first is a vortex concentrator, which is a vertical wing placed in the natural wind in a way that a strong wing tip vortex occurs; a turbine is then placed behind the wing tip in the concentrated energy region of the vortex to convert the energy to more directly-useful forms. The second concept involves a vertical axis turbine with straight blades; the blades are composed of special circulation controlled airfoils …

Utah Science Vol. 37 No. 2, June 1976

Utah Science

Snow Flowers Frank B. Salisbury 35

Alfalfa Insects and Nematodes - A New Handbook 41

Subdivision Out In the County Can Be Expensive: An Update Paul A. Randle and Philip R. Swensen 42

County Government Costs and Population Growth . . . . . W. Cris Lewis and Lyle M. Johnson 47

The Great Salt Lake: Problems Potential and Pending Decisions Lois M. Cox 52

How to Figure Crop Production costs Frank Condie 59

Using chemicals to Protect Utah's Bees Lois M. Cox 61

Development Of A Water Quality Simulation Model Applicable To Great Salt Lake, Utah, Craig T. Jones, Calvin G. Clyde, William J. Grenney, J. Paul Riley

Reports

The development of a model capable of predicting the long term (seasonal) . distribution of water quality constituents within Great Salt Lake was undertaken as a portion of the ongoing Great Salt Lake project at Utah State University. The overall goal of the project is the development of a modeling framework to assist relevant decision making bodies in the comprehensive management of the Great Salt Lake system. Phase I of the project provided the overall structural framework for management of the Great Salt Lake system, identified data needs, and established priorities for the development of submodels for incorporation into the …

An Energy Accounting Evaluation Of Several Alternatives For Hydropower And Geothermal Development, J. Clair Batty, J. Paul Riley, William J. Grenney, David A. Bell

Reports

Alternative management strategies for hydropower and geothermal development are myriad. This study does not attempt to evaluate or even summarize the many schemes which are possible. In an era of plentiful natural resources, economic analysis procedures for selecting a particular alternative have been developed which traditionally have tended to optimize on the basis of capital and labor. The approach taken in this study is based on the notion of optimum deployment of finite resources. A legitimate question which this study has attempted to address is: Does the construction of large water management facilities, such as hydropower dams, which involve huge …

The Effects On Agriculture In Utah Of Water Transfers To Oil Shale Development, B. Delworth Gardner, Kenneth S. Lyon, Roger O. Tew

Reports

In Part I the institutional factors affecting water distribution in the Upper Colorado River Basin in general and specifically the Uintah Basin are presented. The historical development of the appropriation doctrine of water allocation is outlined and Utah water policy is examined. These institutional factors are analyzed in light of the prototype oil shale development in the Uintah Basin and potential impact on the area's agricultural sector. Oil shale water estimates are compared with Uintah Basin water availability and examined with regard to population projections and municipal water use. Lastly, Utah water policy and the appropriation doctrine are viewed as …

Triage, Howard B. Peterson

Faculty Honor Lectures

Throughout most of this century Utah State University has been developing its competence to a position of eminence in the science and art of irrigation and related fields of agriculture and engineering. It has accepted the responsibility to train local as well as international students and through a contract with USAID, conduct research in developing countries. Thus, we in irrigation find ourselves an integral part of the U.S. strategy to assist in closing the gap in development and hopefully winning the battle against world famine. To many this seems hopeless, and it may be, but I have a feeling that …

Flood Plain Information- Blacksmith Fork And Spring Creek, Millville, Utah, Gingery Associates, Inc.

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

No abstract provided.

Rodent-Habitat Relationships In Great Basin Desert Shrub Communities, Stephen J. Montgomery

Biology

Rodents were live-trapped in 2.7 ha grids in five Great Basin desert shrub communities in NW Utah during June, July, and August, 1974. The eight species captured, in decreasing order of abundance, were: Dipodomys ordii, Peromyscus maniculatus, Perognathus parvus, Eutamias minimus, Reithrodontomvs megalotis, Onychomys leucogaster, Neotoma lepida, and unknown. For each grid, mean monthly density for each rodent species, species diversity (Shannon-Wiener), and total animals captured were compared to various vegetation and soil characteristics. Densities in the first four species correlate significantly with different environmental variables. Rodent species diversity correlates primarily with shrub …

A Thermodynamic Analysis Of A Primary Waste Stabilization Pond, Will D. Pote

Biology

Traditional design practice for waste stabilization ponds is based upon the premise that sufficient photosynthetic oxygen must be produced within the pond to satisfy oxygen requirements of the incoming waste flow. Thus, because algae production is proportional to pond surface area, surface organic loading rate is a principal design criterion (hydraulic detention time is the other). That a possible adverse energy trade exists in the sequence of coupled reactions (aerobic waste degradation-photosynthesis) has been largely ignored. This work is focused on quantitatively articulating this energy trade, in terms of algae produced vis a vis waste degraded. This is done by: …

Feeding Studies Of Selected Predators On Alfalfa Weevil Larvae, Hypera Postica (Gyllenhal), Bakary Vassery Ouayogode

Biology

Two species of spiders and 10 species of predatory insects were fed alfalfa weevil larvae in the laboratory. Most of the studies used instars III and IV, but some used II. Daily consumption records were kept. Experiments using both weevil larvae alone, and weevil larvae together with pea aphids and lygus bug nymphs, were included. Hippodamia convergens (adults and larvae), Coccinella transversoguttata (adults), Nahis ferus (adults), Nabis alternatus (adults), Chrysopa oculata (larvae), and Collops vittatus (adults) all clearly preferred aphids to either weevil larvae or lygus nymphs. In the absence of aphids, the two coccinellids fed on weevil larvae readily. …

A Comparative Anatomical Study Of Several Sections In The Genus Polygonum, Timothy K. Lowrey

Biology

A comparative anatomical study of fourteen species in eight sections of the genus Polygonum was undertaken. The general anatomy of the stem, leaf, and petiole is described and compared. Qualitative attributes of the cortical and vascular tissue are considered to be taxonomically useful. The section Avicularia is recognized as possessing a number of significant anatomical differences as compared to the other sectlons. The anatomy suggests the widely accepted Linnean classification of Polygonum does not reflect the true relationships existing between the groups in the genus. Possible environmental influences on the anatomic structure are noted. Interesting anatomical structures such as cortical …

Patterns Of Management Thought: The Search For New Perspectives, Howard M. Carlisle

Faculty Honor Lectures

the past several years, I have noticed that the presenters have typically done two things: they have reviewed some of their most significant research or theoretical contributions, and they have engaged in some freewheeling speculations or prescriptions about future trends. I intend to do both of these tonight. I would like to report on several aspects of contingency or situational theories of management where I have done most of my publishing, and I would also like to express some personal concerns and prescriptions I propose to improve the effectiveness of organizations

Soil Inorganic Nitrogen As An Environmental Trigger For Weed Seed Germination, David Jeffrey Schimpf

Biology

A model of adaptive germination was tested by observing germination responses of six annual weed species with respect to soil nitrate levels. Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubbard, Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., and Amaranthus retroflexus L. were selected as species for which it would be adaptive to increase germination percentages when soil nitrate was high. Avena fatua L., Brassica nigra (L.) Koch, and Medicago lupulina L. were selected as species for which it woμld be adaptive to decrease germination percentages when soil nitrate was high. A controlled environment was used for the experiments, except for one field experiment with M. lupulina. Emphasis …