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Sprinkler Application Of So2 - Treated Groundwater At The Sandarosa Farm, Snowville, Utah, V. Dean Adams, Craig S. Criddle

Reports

Sulfur is recognized as one of the essential elements for plant growth. It has also been used in agriculture for reclamation of saline and sodic soils. During the reclamation process there is the potential benefit of increased availability of phosphorus and certain micro-nutrients for plant uptake. There is also potential for increased infiltration thus increasing water utilization efficiency.

Sulfur has been applied to soils in a flake or nodule form, by the addition of sulfuric acid and most recently by the application of sulfurous acid. The raw sulfur addition technique is accomplished by spreading raw sulfur on the soil and …

Cross Sections For Inelastic Scattering Of Electrons By Atoms - Selected Topics Related To Electron Microscopy, Mitio Inokuti, Steven T. Manson

Scanning Electron Microscopy

We begin with a resume of the Bethe theory, which provides a general framework for discussing the inelastic scattering of fast electrons and leads to powerful criteria for judging the reliability of cross-section data. The central notion of the theory is the generalized oscillator strength as a function of both the energy transfer and the momentum transfer, and is the only non-trivial factor in the inelastic-scattering cross section. Although the Bethe theory was initially conceived for free atoms, its basic ideas apply to solids, with suitable generalizations; in this respect, the notion of the dielectric response function is the most …

Electron Scattering And Energy Losses As A Function Of The Incident Energy: Application To Chemical Analysis, Bernard Jouffrey

Scanning Electron Microscopy

This paper gives a rapid overview on the use of the energy losses suffered by an incident electron beam. General approximations are remembered. Then some recent results on inner shell excitations as a function of energy (in high voltage electron microscopy) are given, and the problem of thick samples is rapidly discussed.

The problem of the observation of sensitive materials in electron microscopy is discussed. A simple model is proposed to determine some orders of magnitude on the inelastic mean free path and the elementary volume of defects created during the irradiation with electrons of different energies. This model can …

The Microscopic Structure And Chemistry Of Rapeseed And Its Products, S. H. Yiu, H. Poon, R. G. Fulcher, I. Altosaar

Food Structure

The location and distribution of some of the storage constituents in the structures of rapeseed and its products were investigated. Hand-cut or glycol methacrylate-embedded sections were stained with dyes or fluorochromes of known specificities and examined using fluorescence, bright-field and/or polarizing microscopy. Results obtained from the study were based upon observations of characteristics of the various stainings, birefringence, induced fluorescence and autofluorescence. The effects of enzymatic hydrolysis, solvents and processing on the cellular structures and their affinity for certain dyes/ fluorochromes were also investigated. Major and minor storage constituents were tentatively located in the structure of rapeseed. Lipids and proteins …

Effect Of High Hydrostatic Pressure On Meat Microstructure, E. A. Elgasim, W. H. Kennick

Food Structure

Bovine longissimus muscle was prerigor pressure treated at 103.5 MNm- 2 at 37 °C for 2 min and immediately sampled, fixed and examined by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Parameters like pH, Warner-Bratzler shear force values and sarcomere length were measured and related to the microscopic observations. Pressure treated samples have shorter sarcomere length, lower pH and W-B values. Physical changes include separation of sarcolemmal and endomysial sheath, contraction bands, disruption of myofibrillar structure and increased interfibrillar and intermyofibrillar spaces. At the subcellular levels, disappearance of glycogen granules, appearance of swollen mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum and in some cases …

Light Microscopy Preparation Techniques For Starch And Lipid Containing Snack Foods, F. Olga Flint

Food Structure

Many processed foods lack the structural integrity associated with biological tissue so that the conventional methods of preparation and staining used in light microscopy may introduce misleading artifacts.

Taking as examples of starch-based processed foods, potato chips (UK potato crisps) and three distinct potato snack foods, methods for preparing and demonstrating the constituents present in cryosections of whole and masticated products are discussed. To show constituents in their true relative locations vapor staining and polarized light are used. Iodine vapor staining indicates the extent of starch gelatinisation in the dry snack and it is also used to show the structural …

Freeze-Etch Of Emulsified Cake Batters During Baking, J. D. Cloke, J. Gordon, E. A. Davis

Food Structure

Cryofixation, freeze-etch techniques were used to study the structure of cake batters made from a lean cake formulation before heating and after heating to temperatures up to l00-l02°C. Batters were prepared without added emulsifiers and with saturated and unsaturated monoglycerides replacing 5 and l 0% of the oil. Unsaturated monoglyceri des were more effective than saturated monoglycerides in dispersing oil droplets through the batter. Saturated monoglycerides formed liquid crystals during baking. The temperature at which starch granules began to swell was slightly higher for saturated monoglyceride containing cakes. The batter matrix between starch granules was more clearly defined in unsaturated …

Microscopy In The Study Of Fats And Emulsions, J. M. Deman

Food Structure

Plastic fats consist of a three dimensional network structure of crystals in which liquid oil is trapped. This crystal network is held together by weak attractive forces, the nature of which is nut definitely e stablished. Crystal size is dependent on temperature history and is subject to polymorphic transitions which greatly affect the microstructure of the system. The microstructure of fats has been investigated by using polarized light microscopy, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis . Recently, a permeametric method has been developed which enables the determination of the specific surface area of the crystals in a fat. This method …

Some Effects Of Lipids On The Structure Of Foods, K. Larsson

Food Structure

The functional properties of different lipids in foods are demonstrated and related to the structure of lipid or lipid-water phases. On the basis of new X-ray data on the crystal structure of the B'-form and the a + B' transition in fats, the polymorphic transitions are considered as different lateral arrangements of triglyceride dimers. The physical properties of fat crystals can be explained from the structures, as well as possibilities to influence the polymorphic transitions.

Molecular interaction between polar lipids and proteins or starch is discussed, and the effect of the amylose-lipid inclusion complex on gelatinization temperature and water penetration …

Ellis-Pahsimeroi Final Grazing Environmental Impact Statement, United States Department Of The Interior Bureau Of Land Management

Final Environmental Impact Statements (ID)

This document will be used to determine the proper level of livestock grazing on the public lands, using the multiple use sustained-yield concept. Its contents exemplify the conflicting demands being placed on pubic lands throughout the West and the concessions necessary to achieve parity between resource needs and resource use. The range land management program selected for the Ellis-Pahsimeroi area will be based upon the analysis presented in this document.

Detection Of Buttermilk Solids In Meat Binders By Electron Microscopy, Miloslav Kalab, Frederick Comer

Food Structure

Nonfat dry milk and buttermilk solids used as ingredients in meat binders can be differentiated by transmission electron microscopy. The meat binders are suspended in water and coarser ingredients such as wheat and mustard flours are separated from the milk solids by low-speed centrifugation (415 g for 30 min). The milk solids thus purified are concentrated by ultracentrifugation (8 x 104 g for 90 min) and the resulting pellets are embedded in a resin, thin-sectioned, stained, and examined by transmission electron microscopy. Buttermilk solids are revealed by the presence of fat globule membrane fragments. In the absence of buttermilk solids …

Ellis-Pahsimeroi, Final Grazing Environmental Impact Statement, United States Department Of Interior, Bureau Of Land Management, Idaho

Range Management Plans (ID)

The Ellis-Pahsimeroi Grazing Environmental Impact Statement analyzes the effects of livestock grazing on 380,458 acres of public land in central Idaho.  Six grazing management alternatives are presented for consideration and are analyzed in terms of their projected economic, social and environmental effects.  Each alternative analyzes a different level of allocating the vegetative resource among competing uses.

This document will be used to determine the proper level of livestock grazing on the public lands, using the multiple use sustained-yield concept.  Its contents exemplify the conflicting demands being placed on public lands throughout the West and the concessions necessary to achieve parity …

In-Situ Measurements Of Wave Electric Fields In The Equatorial Electrojet, R. F. Pfaff, M. C. Kelley, B. G. Fejer, N. C. Maynard, K. D. Baker

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

Electric field wave measurements have been performed on two sounding rockets in the equatorial ionosphere. During a daytime flight from Chilca, Peru, intense elecrostatic waves were detected on the upward directec electron density gradient. Duing a nighttime flight from Kwajalein Atoll, similar waves were detected on a downward directed gradien. These results are in agreement with a gradient drift instability explanation of the generation of the waves. The wave amplitudes were as high as 5 mV/m implying pertubation drifts comparable to the driving drift velocities. Power spectra from the turbulent region show a peak at long wavelengths, followed by a …

Natural Variation In Merchantable Stem Biomass And Volume Among Clones Of Populus Tremuloides Michx, G.A. Lehn, K.O. Higginbotham

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Understory-Overstory Vegetation Relationships: An Annotated Bibliography, Peter F. Ffolliott, Warren P. Clary

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Non-Random Orientation Of Nest Entrances In Saguaro Cacti, R S. Inouye, Nancy J. Huntly, D W. Inouye

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Partial Cutting On Diseases, Mortality, And Regeneration Of Rocky Mountain Aspen Stands, James W. Walters, Thomas E. Hinds, David W. Johnson, Jerome Beatty

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

The Extent And Characteristics Of Low Productivity Aspen Areas In Minnesota, G.K. Raile, J.T. Hahn

Aspen Bibliography

The aspen type in Minnesota occupies about 5.3 million acres, 39 percent of the State's commercial forest land1 Aspen is the State's major commercial species, accounting for 43 percent of all growing-stock removals for products in 1976 (Jakes 1980).

Rates Of Forest Floor Decomposition And Nutrient Turnover In Aspen, Pine, And Spruce Stands On Two Soils, Donald A. Perala, D.H. Alban

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Aspen Community Types On The Caribou And Targhee National Forests In Southeastern Idaho, Walter F. Mueggler, R.B. Campbell, Jr

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Upper Limits Of Standing Crop Density For Woody Species In The Prairie Provinces, E.B. Peterson, V.M. Levson, R.D. Kabzems

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Tree Dynamics In Seral And Stable Aspen Stands Of Central Utah, Roy O. Harniss, Kimball T. Harper

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Volume Tables And Point-Sampling Factors For Aspen [Populus Tremuloides] In Colorado, Carleton B. Edminster, H. Todd Mowrer, H. Todd Hinds

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Response Of Suppressed Conifer Seedlings To Release From An Aspen-Pine Overstorey, A.B. Berry

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Fire Behaviour In Aspen Slash Fuels As Related To The Canadian Fire Weather Index, M.E. Alexander

Aspen Bibliography

The characteristics and short-term results of experimental prescribed fires in 2-year-old trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) logging slash in northern Minnesota have been described by D. A. Perala (1974. Can. J. For. Res. 4: 222-228). The associated burning conditions are expressed here in terms of the weather-dependent numerical fuel moisture codes and fire behavior indexes of the Canadian system of forest fire danger rating.

Scarification Of 3-Year-Old Aspen Suckers: 4- And 6-Year Effects On, And A Preliminary Forecast Of, The Internal Pathological Quality Of The Survivors, J.T. Basham

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Container Size And Harvest Date On The Growth Of Quaking Aspen Populus-Tremuloides Seedlings, L. A. Erhard, J. T. Fisher

Aspen Bibliography

Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux) were
greenhouse grown in four sizes of paraffin-coated containers: 185 cubic centimeters (11 cubic inches), 492 cubic centimeters (30 cubic inches), 1132 cubic centimeters (68 cubic inches), and 1472 cubic centimeters (90cubic inches).

The Extent And Characteristics Of Low Productivity Aspen Areas In Minnesota, Garhard K. Raile, Jerold T. Hahn

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

An Experiment In Biomass Production: Results From Three Consecutive Harvests Of Cottonwood Alder, Constance A. Harrington, Dean S. Debell, Robert F. Strand

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Biomass Equations For Ten Major Tree Species Of The Prairie, T. Singh

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.