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Alteration Of Availability Of Heavy Metals To Aquatic Microflora By Complexation With Organics Associated With Oil Shale Development, Bruce S. Mok, Jay J. Messer

Reports

Leachates from both raw (unretorted) and Paraho retorted oil shale show the ability to bind copper, and perhaps cadmium, strongly enough to mitigate the inhibitory effects of these metals on the growth of the test algal,

Reconnaissance Of Sediment-Phosphorus Relationships In Some Utah Reservoirs, Jay J. Messer, Jean M. Ihnat

Reports

Introduction: Phosphorus inputs to lakes and reservoirs from tributary streams and non-point sources are well-known contributors to nuisance algal growths that degrade water quality for potable and recreational uses in lakes and reservoirs. However, phosphours inputs to the euphotic zone may also occur from within the lake itself, as a result of releases from both oxic and anoxid sediments. Such releases may originate from phosphorus inputs to a lake or reservoir during high runoff periods in the previous winder or spring, or they may represent phosphorus trapped in the sediment many years earlier, when phosphorus contributions from natural or anthropogenic …

Adapting Water Services To Urban Growth: A Case Study Of Salt Lake County, Dean T. Larson, Kirk R. Kimball, Calvin W. Hiibner, Jay M. Bagley

Reports

Urbanizing areas thorughout the nation are considering governmental reorganization or consolidation to coordinate planning and improve the cost effectiveness of the delivery of public services. More efficient water supply and wastewater services may become important in the political debate over reorganization. However water factors figure politically, accomplished reorganizations must carefully plan for efficent provision of water services. This study profiles the structure and interactions of municipalities and water service agencies in Utah's Salt Lake County during the 1970s. Both 1975 and 1978 attempts to consolidate Salt Lake City and the unincorporated areas of the county failed. The voting patterns, interest …

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Are They A Problem In Processed Oil Shales?, David L. Maase, V. Dean Adams

Reports

Organic residues from processed oil shales were characterisized with specific attention to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Oil shale development in the White River Basin (Utah and Colorado) was projected and hydrological and geological parameters pertinent to estimations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) flux were focused. Oil shale samples from the Union B, Paraho, and Tosco II processes were extracted by using organic solvents in a soxhlet apparatus and by mixing shale samples with water (characterization in

Adapting Appropriation Water Law To Accommodate Equitable Consideration Of Instream Flow Uses, Jay M. Bagley, Dean T. Larson, Lee Kapaloski

Reports

The increasing public interest in naturally flowing streams has fostered efforts to obtain their protection under existing state water laws. In this study, the water laws of Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming were examined and compared 1) with each other, and 2) against a set of aleitn criteria, to assess shortcomings in accommodating instream flow protections. It was determined that the appropriation system has the essential features of and ambodies legal principles that should allow the accommodation of instream flow values but, at this time, purchase of existing rights or the exercise of governmental reservation/withdrawal/appropriation …

Impediments To Effective Interactions Between Multipurpose Water Districts And Other Governmental Institutions In Urbanizing Areas, Jay M. Bagley, Frank W. Haws, Wendell B. Anderson, Daniel H. Hoggan, Lee Kapaloski

Reports

Water institutions are highly diffused throughout society. These institutions interact with one another in various ways. As water needs and services expand, collaborative and cooperative arrangements are commonly sought as a means of meeting common goals of providing a safe, dependable adn least cost water supply to particular constituencies. Of the many different institutions involved in the development, managment, distribution, and use of water, perhaps the most significant in terms of extensive interactions with other institutions is the kind that is typified by Water Conservancy Districts and Metropolitan Water Districts in Utah. The statutory and operating framework of counterpart organizations …

Aquatic Resources Management Of The Colorado River Ecosystem, V. Dean Adams, Vincent A. Lamarra

Reports

The Colorado River system has often been referred to as "the most regulated river system in the world." The Colorado River Basin serves millions of people through agricultural, energy, municipal and industrial uses, fish and wildlife activities, and recreation. The symposium was conceived and organized to allow researchers, private industry, consultants, water users, regulatory agencies, and concerned citizens the opportunity to express needs, desires, and concerns about the vast resources of the Colorado River. We found that there were a diverse number of problems confronting the individuals who are involved in the management of this important ecosystem. A variety of …

Some Lake Level Control Alternatives For The Great Salt Lake, Marvin E. Allen, Ronald K. Christensen, J. Paul Riley

Reports

Fluctuations of the level of the Great Salt Lake cause large changes in both surface area and shoreline. Developments adjacent to the lake have been damaged by both high and low lake levels; and unless measures are implemented to regulate lake level fluctuations or otherwise to protect these developments, damages will continue. Various possible managment alternatives for mitigating potential damages from lake level fluctuations need to be examined and evaluated. In this study, three possible techniques are examined for reducing damages from fluctuating water levels at the lake, namely: 1. Consumptively using an increased proportion of the inflowing fresh waters …

Effect Of Prerigor Pressurization On Bovine Lysomal Enzyme Activity, E. A. Elgasim, W. H. Kennick, A. F. Anglemier, M. Koohmaraie, E. A. Elkhalifa

Food Structure

Longissimus muscle from 8 dairy cows was prerigor pressure (PRP) treated at different pres sure levels (0, 34.5, 68.9 and 103.5 I·INm- ' ). a-Glucuronidase (indicator of lysosomal enzymes) activity in the unsedimentable (U) and sedimentable (S) fractions was fluorometrically assayed at ! ~ , 24 and 168 hr postmortem. At I ~ and 24 hr postmortem, the specific activity of a-Glucuronidase in the U-fraction from PRP treated samples was significantly (P

Infection Of Oriental Mustard By Nematospora: A Fluorescence And Scanning Electron Microscope Study, Richard A. Holley, Beverley E. Phipps-Todd, Suk H. Yiu

Food Structure

Fluorescence light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study penetration by the yeast Nematospora caryli through the seed coat and into the embryonic tissues of oriental mustard seed (Brasslca iuncea).

Infection of the seed was associated with its physical injury; however, it was evident that the yeast was capable of successfully invading healthy plant cells. The pathological process was followed in parallel using both the above types of microscopy. Foci of yeast infection on the seed coat outer surface were characterized by swelling of the infected epidermal cells. Nematospora hyphae were seen in the lumina of the seed …

The Structure Of Fresh Desiccated Coconut, J. F. Heathcock, J. A. Chapman

Food Structure

Light and electron microscopy have been used to study the structure of fresh coconut endosperm tissue and the changes which have occurred when this has been processed to the desiccated form. In fresh tissue, a marked gradation of cell size , shape and contents exists between inner and outer endosperm regions. Adjacent to the brown testa, cells are rigid, compact and lipid-filled while those cells lining the central water-filled cavity have thin, easily deformed cell walls and contain little lipid . Desiccated coconut be ing derived from fresh tissue, is similar in morphology but moisture is reduced from 50% to …

B-Glucans In The Caryopsis Of Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench, C. F. Earp, C. A. Doherty, R. G. Fulcher, L. W. Rooney

Food Structure

Fluorescence microscopy was used to determine the location of B- glucans in sorghum. Sections from three genetically different sorghum cultivars were stained with Calcofluor or Congo Red , fluorochromes which have been reported to react with 13-glucans. Autofluorescence, indicative of ferulic acid in other cereals, was observed in untreated sections. When stained sections were treated with endo -B-glucanase , fluorescence was reduced or entirely eliminated in pericarp, aleurone and endosperm cell walls. 13-Glucans were i so lated from the endosperm of three sorghum cultivars. When reacted with the two dyes, Calcofluoror Congo Red , precipitates formed immediately, a reaction which …

Sensory And Instrumental Texture Properties Of Flaked And Formed Beef, Armand V. Cardello, Ronald A. Segars, John Secrist, Joseph Smith, Sam H. Cohen, Robert Rosenkrans

Food Structure

Four experiments were conducted to assess the sensory textural properties, consumer acceptability and instrumental-sensory correlates of flaked and formed beef steaks. In Experiment 1, the effects of additions of NaCI, TPP and soy isolate on the texture of steaks were examined using a trained texture profile panel, and the texture of these steaks was compared to that of intact muscle (ribeye) steaks. Results showed large differences between the flaked and formed samples and the ribeye steak, as contrasted to small differences among the flaked and formed samples treated with different levels of NaCI, TPP and/or soy isolate.

In Experiments 2 …

Morphometry Of Meat By Scanning Light Microscopy, H. J. Swatland

Food Structure

Morphometric data can be collected from meat by using a scanning stage and a photometer, both controlled by a microcomputer. The passive counting of connective tissue boundaries is g1ven as an example to show that enumerative data may be biassed by the ratio of the width of the subject of measurement to the projected diameter of the photometer aperture. In a second example, the scanning stage is actively directed by the observer and is used to map the radial distribution of succinate dehydrogenase (SOH) activity in different histochemical types of muscle fibers. This is accomplished by the arbitrary fitting by …

Composition And Microstructure Of Soft Brine Cheese Made From Instant Whole Milk Powder, Mohamed M. Omar, Wolfgang Buchheim

Food Structure

Comparative studies were made on the composition, microstructure and organoleptic quality of soft brine cheese made from instant whole miIk powder and from raw miIk. The chemical analysis of young and ripened (one and two month) cheese revealed similarity except for a higher salt content in the cheese made from reconstituted milk at the end of ripening . Electron microscopic studies showed distinct differences in the structure of the protein matrices in the ripened cheese samples , i .e . a very homogeneous structure in the cheese made from raw milk compared with a slightly aggregated state of the protein …

Ultrastructure Studies Of Pasta. A Review., P. Resmini, M.A. Pagani

Food Structure

Freeze-fracturing can be used effectively to study pasta microstructure both in the dry and cooked state. Aft er a walerglycerol soaking. conventional raw wheat pasta shows an uncoagulated protein matrix in which the starch granules are uniformly dispersed. Starch granules appear unswollen with a spherulitic structure. Extensive protein denaturation and starch swelling may occur during processing when a temperature greater than 60°C is attained in drying. Extensive structural transformations take place in cooking. A fibrillar protein network which envelops gelatinized starch is the typical structure observed in cooked durum wheat spaghetti. Whereas. in soft wheat products, there is a less …

Evaluation Of Selected Properties Of Chlorinated Wheat Flours In A Lean Cake Formulation, J. Grider, E. A. Davis, J. Gordon

Food Structure

Cake flours treated with different levels of chlorine were evaluated by use in a Kissell cake formulation. Flour particle size distributions varied with chlorination level, but pH and specific gravity of the batters did not differ. Batter viscosity differences were observed at specific temperatures during heating of total batters. Temperature profiles differed positionally in the cakes, but these patterns of heat penetration were not related to level of chlorine treatment. However, water loss rates differed depending on the level of chlorine treatment indicating a more pronounced effect of chlorination level on the water loss characteristics of the cakes during the …

Field Spectroscopy In The Food Production Chain, E. J. Brach

Food Structure

This paper reviews the application of field spectroscopy in the food production chain, particularly how field spectroscopy aids research and production of agricultural crops , and helps to understand the process of converting these crops into food.

The review discusses the nondestructive application of field spectroscopy such as ultraviolet, reflective , visible, near infrared and fluorescence techniques using conventional or laser light sources, to determine qualitative and quantitative properties of agricultural crops and produce.

Field spectroscopy can provide data on soil constituents and moisture, crop maturity, crop vigor, crop health, variety, variety within crops , and protein and moisture content …

An Indirect Method To Estimate The Aerial Biomass Of Small Single Stemmed Woody Plants, R.D. Fitzgerald

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Growth And Activity Of Juvenile Mosquitofish: Temperature And Ration Effects, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, J. Cech

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

The effects of constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 C) and ration size on the growth rates and activity of juvenile mosquitofish Gambusia affinis (mean wet weight, about 20 mg) were measured in laboratory experiments. On ad libitum rations of Tubifex spp. worms, food-consumption rates of mosquitofish were very high, ranging from 7% dry body weight/day at 10 C to 83%/day at 35 C. Growth increased from 0% dry body weight/day at 10 C to 21%/day at 30 C and declined slightly at 35 C. Gross efficiencies (100 growth/food consumption) increased from 0 at 10 C to …

Aspen Management Guidelines For The Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre And Gunnison National Forest, Aspen Management Task Force

Aspen Bibliography

A task force was formed in late April 1983 for the purpose of developing guidelines for Aspen Management on the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre and Gunnison National Forests.

Xylem Morphology And Discoloration In Bigtooth Aspen (Populus Grandidentata), R.A. Wittberg, R.T. Eckert

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Biodeterioration And Strength Reductions In Preservative Treated Aspen Waferboard, E.L. Schmidt, H.J. Hall, R.O. Gertjejansen, C.G. Carll, R.C. Degroot

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Shearing Restores Full Productivity To Sparse Aspen Stands, Donald A. Perala

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Decomposition Rates Of Aspen Bole And Branch Litter, W.E. Miller

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Recreation (Trampling) On The Forest Floor And Associated Streams Of Aspen And Conifer Forests, M.C. Molles, J.R. Gosz, R.G. Cates

Aspen Bibliography

Heavy trampling significantly reduced the biomass of understory vegetation in aspen stands subject to different management procedures (thinning, fertilization). Light trampling also resulted in lower understory biomass except where it was performed in a fertilized aspen stand which had an understory community dominated by grasses. The grass community appears to be more resistant to trampling. Coverage by the understory was also reduced by both heavy and light trampling in aspen stands. The sparse understory of spruce-fir forests was not significantly changed. Trampling fragmented the forest floor in aspen but not in spruce-fir.

Chemical Characteristics Of Precipitation And Hydrogen Input In Throughfall And Stemflow Under Some Eastern Canadian Forest Stands, M.K. Mahendrappa

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Mapping The Distribution Of Aspen Defoliation Using Landsat Color Composites. (Mapping The Distribution Of Aspen Defoliation Using Landsat Color Composites [Malacosoma Disstria, Canada].), R.J. Hall, G.N. Still, P.H. Crown

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Improved Aspen Mechanical Pulp Through Coarse Grinding And Refining, D.C. Hedquist, J.F. Laundrie

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

The Utilization Of Carbohydrates In Aspen Roots Following Partial Or Complete Top Removal, R.D. Fitzgerald, J. Hoddinott

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.