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Assessment Of Esterases Variation In Different Strains Of Spotted Alfalfa Aphid Therioaphis Maculata (Buckton) (Homoptera:Aphididae), With Special Reference To Endosulfan Susceptibility And Synergism, Nazar Nowman Hama

Biology

Endosulfan susceptibility and synergism with DEF (S.S.S-tributylphosphorotrithioate) and PB (piperonyl butoxide) for different strains of adult apterous spotted alfalfa aphids were examined in addition to evaluating the correlation between esterases and the aphid's tolerance or resistance to endosulfan. Unsynergized endosulfan LC50 values for populations of spotted alfalfa aphids from near Delta, Utah, Nampa, Idaho or Nyssa, Oregon, were 57.56, 37.51 and 45.60 µg/vial, respectively, while pretreatment with DEF reduced the LC50 values to 3.32, 3.2 and 4.73 µg/vial respectively. PB had either little synergistic or antagonistic effects on the endosulfan toxicity. Senergistic data suggested the dominance of esterases as detoxifying …

Sunlight And Plants, Some Pursuits In Physiological Ecology, Martyn M. Caldwell

Faculty Honor Lectures

A physiological ecologist, as the name suggests, focuses on the interface between plant physiology and the ecology of individual organisms. Yet, one in this field should know something about disciplines ranging from physiology, or in the case of the subject of this lecture, even photochemistry, to the study of entire ecosystems.

Utah State University Commencement, 1984 – Main Campus, Utah State University

Commencement Programs

Ninety-First Annual Commencement of Utah State University

Aerosol Stability Of Reovirus, Alan Jeff Mohr

Biology

Reoviruses type 1 Lang, type 2 Jones and type 3 Dearing were aerosolized with a Collison nebulizer and aged for two and a half hours in an environmentally controlled Dynamic Aerosol Toroid to determine reovirus inactivation rates. Results from this study were used to evaluate reoviruses as indicators of viral aerosol pollution. Reovirus viability was determined at three temperatures (2°C, 14°C and 27°C) and four relative humidities [(RH) 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% RH]. After the aging period potentially infectious viruses (PIV), those with a complete outer capsid, were treated with trypsin and transformed into infectious virus (IV) with an …

An Electron Microscopic Study Of The Gill Chamber Of A Dragonfly Nymph (Odonata:Anisoptera), Patricia Bohm Trostle

Biology

The respiratory chamber of the dragonfly nymph, Aeshna multicolor, was studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Transmission electron micrographs enable several cellular types, includig two epithelial types, to be distinguished within the individual gill fold. Epithelial cells located basally on the gill fold show features of an osmoregulatory tissue. Cuticle limiting these cells is thinner than-that of typical epithelium, the plasmalemmae are infolded enclosing numerous mitochondria, and a system of extracellular channels is located basally with mitochondria and glycogen seen in the basal cellular outfoldings. Tracheoles are rare. Epithelial cells more distally placed are typical of …

Arthropod Faunas Of Reseeded Rangelands: Effects Of Vegetation Structure, Steve M. Spangler

Biology

Arthropod faunas in different types of reseeded rangeland vegetation were studied in 1980 and 1981, with an emphasis on sap-feeders and predators. Manipulations of grass density and sagebrush presence/absence were performed in 1981 to assess the relative effects of these 2 factors in producing the observed arthropod faunas. Major sap-feeders of crested wheatgrass (Ayropyron cristatum L.) were Irbisia brachycera (Uhler) and Conostethus americanus (Knight) (Miridae), and Oikraneura carneola (Stal) (Cicadellidae). The major sap-feeder of tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum panticum (Podp.) Barkworth & Dewey) was Laccocera obesa Van Duzee (Delphacidae). I. brachycera, C. americanus, and L. obesa showed population patterns related to …

Genetic Manipulation Of Rhodopseudomonas Sphaeroides For Lactose Utilization, Brian Stevenson

Biology

The purpose of this work was to construct a DNA vector containing the Escherichia coli lactose operon and devise a method for the subsequent introduction into Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Expertise in methods for the purification and manipulation of DNA was developed and improvements upon methods were devised. PRSF 1010 proved to be a poor cloning vector due to a lack of selectable resistance markers and useable restriction sites. The lac operon was cloned into pBR 325 using either HindIII or BamHI restriction endonucleases. Restriction maps of the resulting plasmids were constructed. Attempts to transform R. sphaeroides with plasmid DNA by established …

Pedigree Analysis Of The Gardner Syndrome And Other Polypoid Diseases, Scott Ray Woodward

Biology

The purpose of this study was to identify persons at risk for polypoid disease by pedigree and cell culture analysis. A new investigation of the solitary polyp family, Kindred 133 was completed and familial polyposis families, Kindreds 353 and 409, were added to ongoing investigations of Gardner syndrome and familial polyposis coli. Approximatly 130 cell cultures were established from patients at risk and their unaffected sibs. Chromosome analysis showed high levels of random karyotype instability. Sister chromatid exchange analysis demonstrated no statistical difference between affected and unaffected patients in response to challenge by mitomycin-C. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometric …

Development And Evaluation Of Enzyme Labeled Immunosorbent Assays Using Acetylcholinesterase And Its Application To The Study Of Murine Rotaviral Infection Of Infant Mice, Edwin D. Neas

Biology

An enzyme labeled immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which uses the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AchE) as the immunoreactant label has been developed. The AchE was detected by a reaction between the hydrolysed substrate acetylthiocholine (AchS) and 5:5-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoate ion. This reaction was spectrophotometrically followed at a wavelength of 405 nm. The exposed thiol group will also react with a thiol-specific fluorochrome, monobromobimane, to produce fluorescence. AchE was conjugated to immunoglobulin using glutaraldehyde without loss of enzyme or antibody activity. The AchE-ELISA was shown to be equal in activity and sensitivity to two widely used commercial ELISA's at an 8-fold increase in the dilution of …

The Effect Of Reproductive Phase And Hormone Treatment On Receptor Sites For Reproductive Hormones In The Ewe, Jane R. Mole

Biology

Groups of at least six ewes each during the estrous and anestrous seasons were estrus synchronized using progesterone implants and superovulated using follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) or pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), or left as nonsuperovulated controls. Ewes were sacrificed 30 h after removal of implants. The hypothalamus, adenohypophysis and ovaries were removed and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Frozen sections of all tissues were incubated with radiolabeled hormones to determine location and quantity of receptor sites. Slides were dipped in autoradiography emulsion and allowed to self expose 10 days before they were developed and stained. Slides were then examined using …

Petrology Of The Middle Cambrian Ute Formation, North-Central Utah And Southeastern Idaho, Edward James Deputy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Middle Cambrian Ute Formation was studied in the Bear River Range and the Wellsville Mountains of north-central Utah and southeastern Idaho. The depositional textures and sedimentary structures found within the rocks were compared with similar modern sediments and ancient rocks to determine depositional environments, paleogeography, and diagenetic alterations.

The rocks of the Ute Formation were divided into five basic types. These five rock types were formed within four identifiable lithofacies: 1) elastic marine shelf; 2) carbonate marine shelf; 3) agitated shoal; and 4) quiet-water shoal.

The sequence of elastic and carbonate sediments is believed to have been deposited in …

Planned Parenthood And Fertility, Illegitimacy, And Abortion Rates In The State Of Utah, Wayne W. Godfrey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was not to judge the rightness or wrongness of Planned Parenthood. It is an empirical question to ask what influence, if any, Planned Parenthood has had on reproductive behavior in the State of Utah. This was accomplished by gathering data from each county in the State of Utah from 1970 to 1979. The data gathered were for the five dependent variables of General Fertility, General Abortion, General Illegitimacy, Teen Fertility and Teen Illegitimacy. A mean rate for each county and variable was computed. Each county was also weighed per population so as to give counties …

A Look At Some Grandfather Intergenerational Relationships As Perceived By Their Adult Children, Leonard E. Stout

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of grandfather's relationships with his adult child and their oldest child. A questionnaire was used to obtain demographic data, determine some personality and interaction patterns that can be observed as the male adult develops in the parent and grandparent roles, and examine how specific variables affect grandfather relationships and behavior. Data were gathered from 165 Utah State University students and their spouses, of which over 75% belong to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

The results support good intergenerational relationships. Proximity of grandfather and extended family members was …

When The Children Are Gone: Changes In Mental Health And Marital Relations During The Transition To Postparenthood, Kenneth Holland Cannon

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A longitudinal research design was used to determine if parents' personal well-being or marital relations changed after the launching of the youngest child and what variales might affect these potential changes.

Eighty-nine parents whose youngest child was a senior at Logan High School or Sky View High School responded to mail-out questionnaires, assessing parents general well-being, marital relations, marital companionship, personal stress, quality of parenting experiences and degree of parent-child conflict. Approximately one year later, a second questionnaire was sent and twenty-three of the parents who responded had launched their youngest child.

One of the most striking aspects of the …

The Use Of Social Science By The United States Supreme Court In Cases Raising Husband-Wife And Parent-Child Legal Issues, James R. Tanner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This research provides a descriptive study of the use of social science research contained in reported decisions of the United States Supreme Court. The cases were selected from case abstracts contained in two U.S. Supreme Court digests. The author relied on the court reporter's arrangement of abstracts of case decisions (sorted by substantive areas of the law) to identify relevant cases presenting issues of parent -child and husband-wife relations.

The following substantive areas were initially selected using this method: abortion, adultery and fornication, adoption, immigration, exclusion and deportation, bigamy, bastards, dower, death, domicil, divorce and separation, guardian and ward, homestead, …

Synthesis Of 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid-Protein Conjugates For Development Of Enzyme Immunoassay For B-Lactam Antibiotics, Alice Ann Heth

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An enzyme immunoassay specific for several β-lactam antibiotics rather than individual antibiotics was investigated. The goal to develop an enzyme immunoassay for analysis of a whole class of compounds at one time is different than the goal of most enzyme immunoassays which desire specificity for drugs or hormone levels. Detection of the presence of all β-lactam antibiotics is wanted and identification of specific antibiotics is not needed.

6-Aminopenicillanic acid, the common structural moiety of β-lactam antibiotics was used tin this investigation. Methods of preparation of 6-aminopencillanic acid conjugates and antibodies needed for enzyme immunoassays have been developed. 6-Aminopenicillanic acid was …

The Relationship Between Milk Composition And Swiss Cheese Yields, Adnan S. Ba-Jaber

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

From Cache Valley Dairy Association in Smithfield, Utah, milk from two to three cheese vats plus the corresponding Swiss cheese trimmings, salted cheese, and whey were sampled each week from October 1981 to October 1982. The weights of the Swiss Cheese were recorded. Milk samples were analyzed for fat and protein; cheese samples were analyzed for fat, protein, and moisture; whey samples were analyzed for fat.

By using Gauss-Newton nonlinear Least Squares method of iteration, the data was analyzed. Two formulas for predicting Swiss cheese yield were derived. A good relationship was found to exist between Swiss cheese yield and …

Comparison Of Several Forms Of Equations For Predicting Cheddar Cheese Yield From Milk Composition, Craig A. Moore

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate several forms of equations for predicting Cheddar cheese yields based on the fat and protein content of milk and moisture content of cheese. Production and quality control data from a Cheddar cheese plant for one entire year was used. This included the pounds of milk that went into each vat of cheese, yield of cheese from each vat, cheese moisture from each vat, and fat and protein percentages of the milk.

Seven models were derived to predict the yield of Cheddar cheese. The seven models were statistically fitted to the data by applying the …

Analysis Of The Costs And Returns Of Pasturing Irrigated Alfalfa For Beef Production In Utah In 1983, Irvin R. Bowen

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the economics of pasturing feeder steers on irrigated alfalfa and compare this alternative to harvesting, storing, and selling alfalfa hay as well as selling standing alfalfa in the field. Available prices, costs and returns were calculated for fall planted wheat as a rotation crop, alfalfa establishment, alfalfa hay, alfalfa sold standing in the field, and pasturing feeder steers of different weight classifications on alfalfa with side roll irrigation. A case study mode 1 farm was developed to examine the cost and returns of each enterprise option. The pasturing of feeder steers on …

Source Of Inoculum, Yield And Quality Of Tomato As Affected By Leveillula Taurica, Wayne B. Jones

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Tomato transplant stock from southern Nevada served as a source of inoculum and developed disease symptoms of tomato powdery mildew approximately three weeks before Utah-grown transplants. Plants from Nevada and Utah were equally infected seven weeks after planting and no differences in severity or yield were detected at the end of the season due to rapid spread of the fungus. Tomato yields were reduced ca 40% in check plots when compared to plots treated with triadimefon, propiconazol or sulfur. The amount of sunburned fruit in check plots was three to four times greater than in plots where the disease was …

Analysis Of Processes To Determine Site Suitability For A Marina At Bear Lake, Charles J. Houghten

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this thesis was to determine the criteria necessary for an analysis of site suitability for locating a marina at Bear Lake. Once criteria were defined and pertinent resource factors collected, a method to analyze the criteria was utilized to aid in the selection of the best site for locating this marina. Various methods to analyze site suitability were evaluated and the pros and cons of the chosen approach, a cluster analysis of existing resource transect data with hypothetical transect criteria, were discussed. Based on this study, no optimum sites were located at Bear Lake for a marina …

Plant Monoterpenoids As Factors In Diet Selection And Grazing Behaviour Of Sheep, Wilson Kimuti A. Yabann

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Grazing trials were conducted in west-central Utah in August and November, 1983. Sheep were stocked in 0.06 hectare paddocks containing a homogeneous stand of the shrub big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata subsp. tridentata). Stocking rate was 1344 animal-unit-days per hectare. Close observation was made of plants and plant parts of the sagebrush that the sheep consumed or refused to consume. Similar samples were hand-harvested from browsed and rejected plants and plant parts. These samples were later analyzed in the laboratory for monoterpenoid content, crude protein levels and digestible organic matter.

There was large variability of monoterpenoid concentrations from plant …

Effects Of Diflubenzuron When Fed To Adult Female Alfalfa Weevils, Mohamed M. Middib

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this project was to evaluate diflubenzuron ovicidal effects on adult female alfalfa weevils Hypera postica in the laboratory. There was little relationship of weevil mortality to dosage or length of exposure of the adult to the chemical. An indirect result of diflubenzuron was an increase in muscardine fungus (Beauveria Sp.). Other effects of the chemical on the adults were yellow deposits and tissue extending from the tip of the abdomen.

The main effect of dilfubenzuron when fed to female alfalfa weevils was on the eggs. The effects were dosage related, especially on eggs viability. The viability was …

Influence Of Breed Type, Milk Production Potential And Cow Size Upon Maintenance Requirements, Jacqueline Lee Kennedy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two biological types of cows, straightbred Herefords (HxH) and Simmental-Hereford crosses (SxH), of similar body condition were individually fed over a 10 week period to compare the biological types for maintenance and to determine the influence of milk production potential and of size. Cows were nonlactating and in the last part of the first trimester of pregnancy. During the first 5 weeks of the feeding experiment, one-half of each type was fed 75% of estimated maintenance while the other half was fed 125% of estimated maintenance. During the last 5 weeks of the experiment those fed at 75% of maintenance …

An Economic Analysis Of Food Policy In The Ivory Coast, Yao Prao Felix

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ivory Coast covers an area of 124,000 square miles with reasonable rainfall for food crops production. But besides what has been called the economic "miracle," the country relies on increasing food imports (rice, wheat, meat, and milk products). At the same time, the country's earnings from the major export commodities are shrinking. So the primary objective was to identify the main causes and circumstances that have resulted in reductions in food production. The major hypothesis was that the present situation is simply the result of policies that have favored cash crops relative to good products. A formal treatment and an …

Combined Scale Weight, Height At Hips And Visual Condition Score As An Indicator Of Functional Body Size In Range Cows, Patricia B. Davis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Thirty-five range cows of various breeds were obtained for the study. Body measurements taken were live weight and hip height and all cows were condition scored for level of fatness. The cows were slaughtered and the following morning several carcass measurements were taken and the plate was removed from the left side. These plates were boned and the remaining flesh ground for chemical analysis of percent carcass fat. Regression equations were calculated for estimating percent carcass fat from condition score, weight:height ratio and hip height (R²=.765). However, condition score alone is the single best estimator for percent carcass …

Estimation Of Cost And Benefit Of Instream Flow, Parvaneh Amirfathi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Water flowing in streams has value for various types of recreationists and is essential for fish and wildlife. Since water demands for offstream uses in the arid west have been steadily increasing, increasing instream flows to enhance the recreational experience might be in conflict with established withdrawals for uses such as agriculture, industries and households.

It is the intent of this study to contribute to an economic assessment of the tradeoff between maintaining instream flow for river recreation use and offstream uses; that is, to develop and apply a method to measure costs and benefits of water used for recreation …

Detailed Description And Nomenclature Of High Resolution G-Banded Horse Chromosomes And Cytogenetic Analysis Of Hereditary Multiple Exostosis In Horses, Alma Maciulis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A reliable technique for obtaining late prophase, prometaphase and greater numbers of metaphase chromosomes is presented. The increased number of mitoses and high resolution chromosomes were obtained using a modification of the typical three-day blood culture technique in which the cell cycle was temporarily blocked at the G₁-s border with methotrexate. A high resolution G-band idiogram is presented using a system similar to the standardization of human chromosomes. The use of this technique and system of nomenclature will facilitate routine analyses of horse chromosomes and provide a basis for the identification and recording of chromosome aberrations in this …

Energy Analysis Of Flat Water Recreation: An Economic Assessment, Craig Leon Howell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Energy analysts believe that traditional economics and energy markets undervalue the only absolutely limited resource, energy. They have produced methods to supplement or supercede economics.

However, theoretical underpinnings of these methods include an energy theory of value which is shown to be too narrow to support workable economic models or numeraires. Sample rankings of recreational values on four Utah reservoirs, using energy analysis and economic methods, show that the two methods yield opposite rankings.

An Economic Analysis Of Watershed Practices: Impact Of Grazing On Watershed, In-Hwan Kim

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A theoretical analysis for estimating the social cost and benefits associated with the impact of grazing on rangeland watersheds has been made in this study. A dynamic maximization model is used to derive an optimal utilization of forage by grazing, where forage utilization is treated as a decision variable and the hydrologic outputs of water and sediment are considered as a possible impact resulting from grazing.

A modeling approach to predict the quantities of water runoff and sediment yield from watersheds was employed. A water balance equation and a curve number procedure were used to predict water runoff. For the …