Digital Commons Network^™

Application Of Electron Spin Resonance Techniques To Model Starch Systems, L. E. Pearce, E. A. Davis, J. Gordon, W. G. Miller

Food Structure

Starch model systems were examined by electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques with either 16-DOXYL-stearic acid or TEMPO spin probes in water or hexane. Room temperature starchwater- 16-DOXYL-stearic acid spectra showed strong adsorption occurred between the starch and probe. Starch-water-TEMPO spectra at room temperature did not show strong adsorption between starch and probe, but did show some slowed motion of the probe as a result of different local environments experienced by the probe within the starch granule. Starch-water-probe spectra from systems heated from 45-95° C showed no major differences from unheated samples. Also, no major spectral differences existed for each starch …

Rheological And Scanning Electron Microscopic Examination Of Skim Milk Gels Obtained By Fermenting With Ropy And Non-Ropy Strains Of Lactic Acid Bacteria, S. M. Schellhaass, H. A. Morris

Food Structure

Physical and rheological parameters of skim milk gels fermented with slime producing (ropy) cultures and non-ropy cultures were compared. The skim milk gels were made from steamed reconstituted nonfat dry milk inoculated with 2% of a single strain starter culture and incubated at 32, 37, and 45°C until pH 4. 5 + 0.05 was attained.

Skim milk gels fermented by slime-producing strains of Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus cremoris, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus exhibited similar rheological and physical characteristics. Electron micrographs of the ropy skim milk cultures showed that slime produced by the organisms was associated with the cell surface as well as …

Combining Microscopy And Physical Techniques In The Study Of Cocoa Butter Polymorphs And Vegetable Fat Blends, J. D. Hicklin, G. G. Jewell, J. F. Heathcock

Food Structure

Transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction have been used to study the cocoa butter polymorphs and blends of cocoa butter with a hydrogenated vegetable fat. The results indicate the presence of six polymorphs and confirm observations made by other workers. Vegetable fat addition affects both the molecular structure and the morphology of the crystals observed. After temperature cycling, a blend containing 50% vegetable fat developed two crystal types and differences in the X-ray pattern were apparent. Correlations could be made between the known molecular structure and the morphology observed in most of the polymorphs. In selected cases, …

Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Of Hydrated Wheat Starch Granules, M. Yang, J. Grider, J. Gordon, E. A. Davis

Food Structure

Wheat starch:water (1:2) dispersions were studied by small angle x-ray scatter diffractometry (SAXS), and by light, polarizing microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray scatter data were collected in the 64-661 A range. Radii of gyration (Rg) of spherically shaped regions and d-spacings were calculated for samples that were treated as follows: 25° C and run at 25° C; heated to 88° C and run at 82° C; heated to 88° C, stored at 25° C for 2 h or 3 days and run at 25° C; heated to 88° C, stored at 2° C for 3 days and run …

The Microstructure Of Wheat: Its Development And Conversion Into Bread, D, B. Bechtel

Food Structure

Wheat endosperm development has been studied in numerous laboratories. The genera 1 i zed scheme of protein body formation assembled from these data indicates that storage proteins are initially formed in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The storage proteins in RER may be processed via the Golgi apparatus into vesicles that enlarge by several mechanisms into membrane-bounded protein bodies. The prote in bodies are transported through the cytoplasm to the vacuole where they fuse with the tonoplast and deposit the protein granules into the vacuoles. The protein granules fuse with one another, lose water, and eventually become transformed into the …

Crystal Morphology Of Cocoa Butter, D. M. Manning, P. S. Dimick

Food Structure

The multiple melting points of triglycerides have been known and studied for more than a century by numerous workers. The ability of fat to undergo polymorphic changes is important mainly due to its effect on product texture and appearance. Polymorphic resolidification during storage of cocoa butter into higher melting forms can destroy the smooth glossy appearance of a confectionery product. This manuscript will review the polymorphic characteristics and composition of cocoa butter from Theobroma cacao. A discussion of common fat behavior relative to tempering and bloom formation will be included. Scanning electron microscopy and polarized light microscopy aided in visually …

Properties Of Calcium Caseinates With Disparate Performance In Imitation Cheese, K. Fleming, R. Jenness, H. A. Morris, R. Schmidt

Food Structure

Two commercial lots of calcium caseinate preparations differing in performance imitation cheese were analyzed for various characteristics. A imitation process cheese manufacturing classified the caseinates as good or poor based on appearances of the finished cheese, emulsification of fat, oiling-off during sheeting and melting properties. The sample which exhibited good functional properties in imitation cheese, had slightly higher calcium (16.4 mg/g protein), non-casein protein (2.87%) and y-casein contents, a higher formal titre (8.95 mg free amino N/g protein), lower water absorption (138 mg/100 g protein), and lower stability to added calcium (8.0 min) than did the other sample (14.6 mg/g, …

Comparison Of Proton Transfers In (S2h5)+ And (O2h5)+, L. Bigham, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The energetics and electronic rearrangements associated with proton transfer between S atoms in (H₂S–H–SH₂)⁺ are calculated using ab initio molecular orbital methods and compared with similar data in the first‐row analog (H₂O–H–OH₂)⁺. The full potential energy surface of (S₂H₅)⁺, calculated as a function of the H‐bond length as well as the position of the proton, contains two equivalent minima separated by a small energy barrier, whereas the surface of (O₂H₅)⁺ contains a single minimum corresponding to a symmetric …

Contribution Of Dispersion To The Properties Of H2s‐‐Hf And H2s‐‐Hcl, M. M. Szczesniak, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Ab initio calculations are carried out using a doubly polarized basis set. Dispersion, evaluated by second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), is found to have a profound influence on the stabilities and structures of the H‐bonded complexes. The contribution of dispersion to the H‐bond energies of H₂S‐‐HF and H₂S‐‐HCl is 44% and 69%, respectively, placing this attractive term second in magnitude only to electrostatics. Reductions of the intermolecular distance of 0.17 and 0.34 Å result from inclusion of correlation effects. Nevertheless, the influence of dispersion upon the angular characteristics of the …

Influence Of Basis Set On The Calculated Properties Of (H3n–Hcl), Z. Latajka, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The structure of (H₃N–HCl) is investigated by ab initio calculations using a number of different basis sets ranging from minimal to split valence. The effects of including a diffuse sp shell and d orbitals on Cl are considered as well. The geometries of the complex and the isolated subunits are fully optimized. Minimal basis sets (STO‐3G, STO‐6G, and MINI‐1) lead to an overestimate of the interaction between the subunits. Addition of d functions produces only a marginal improvement. The 3‐21G, 3‐21+G, MIDI‐1, and LP‐31G split‐valence sets erroneously predict an ion pair …

Twenty-Five Years Of Bonjour, Alfred N. Smith

Faculty Honor Lectures

While considering topics appropriate for this lecture, I became encouraged by the thought that my quarter of a century of experience in foreign language teaching would surely suggest some interesting possibilities. Up until this moment, I had never consciously counted my years of service, and frankly when I realized that I had spent two and one-half decades in front of the blackboard teaching French as a second language mainly to Anglo adults, I began to feel within the rumblings of a need to mark this anniversary in some significant way. Several days later in an amusing conversation with a friend, …

Sputtered Thermal Ion Mass Spectrometry As A New Quantitative Method For In-Depth Analysis, G. Blaise

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The Sputtered Thermal Ion Mass Spectrometry method (STIMS) consists of collecting a part of the matter sputtered from a solid by ion bombardment into a heated cell where it is reduced into atoms. A thermal ionization process or an electron impact process taking place in the cell yields ions which are extracted and mass analyzed. The composition of the solid is determined from ion intensities after calibration of ionization coefficients. It has been demonstrated that the method has an absolute quantitative character. Applications to elemental quantitative analysis (identification of new compounds in diffusion couples, dust particle analysis) and in-depth analysis …

Digital Processing Of Electron Energy Loss Spectra And Images, R. D. Leapman, K. E. Gorlen, C. R. Swyt

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Processing in electron energy loss spectroscopy involves both data acquisition and analysis. The interface of an analytical electron microscope to a laboratory computer with a satellite microcomputer dedicated to data acquisition results in a system with a high degree of flexibility. In spectrum acquisition, channels may be selected around specific core edges, or dwell times may be varied continuously as a function of energy loss to reduce the dynamic range of the signal. Data transfer to the host computer allows further analysis such as the removal of plural scattering by spectral deconvolution. Elemental maps and line-scans can be recorded with …

Study By Scanning Electron Microscopy And Electron Spectroscopy Of The Cascade Of Electron Multiplication In An Insulator Submitted To An Electric Field, J. P. Vigouroux, J. P. Duraud, C. Le Gressus, G. Petite, P. Agostini, C. Boiziau

Scanning Electron Microscopy

An original method for revealing the dielectric heterogeneities on an insulating surface has been developed on creation of an electron multiplication cascade inside the insulator placed in an electric field. The steps of the physical process are: (i) excitation of electrons into the conduction band, (ii) electric field acceleration of the conduction electrons, (iii) ionization of the valence levels, (iv) creation of many more new defects in the vicinity of dielectric heterogeneities, (v) charge localization on defects and appearance of a local residual potential. The potential map is observable by scanning electron microscopy after propagation of the ionizing cascade, but …

String Induced Space Compactification, P. G. Freund, P. Oh, James Thomas Wheeler

All Physics Faculty Publications

Motivated by the possibility of a finite theory of gravity provided by superstrings in ten space-time dimensions, we analyze the problem of space compactification in the context of string dynamics. Such an analysis is hampered by conceptual and technical problems, stemming from the existence of the quantum string's own graviton mode on the one hand, and from Witten's observation of anomalies in a not specially chosen curves space-time on the other hand. Still, in the context of a classical local field presentation of string theory à la Nambu and Hosotani, supplemented by gravitational and Kalb-Ramond interactions, we are able to …

Advances In Non-Contact Thermal-Wave Imaging With Infrared Detection, F. H. Dacol, H. Ermert, R. L. Melcher

Scanning Electron Microscopy

We are making further advances in non-destructive and non-contact thermal imaging with infrared detection. We employ a chopped and scanned electron beam as heat source, a cooled HgCdTe infrared detector as temperature sensor, and digital processing of the measured temperature pattern for display and storage. The results give a convincing, high contrast image of subsurface structures.

The Utah Statesman, July 20, 1984, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

The Utah Statesman, July 6, 1984, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

The Utah Statesman, June 29, 1984, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

Utah Science Vol. 45 No. 2, Summer 1984

Utah Science

33 DRAIN ENVELOPES L. S. Willardson Research efforts to improve drainage conditions with the assurance that installed drains will function in a trouble-free manner for a long period of time is continuing at USU.

36 TOUGH TURFS FOR UTAH W. F. Campbell and W. A. Varga Turfs are important in human activities because of their functional, recreational and aesthetic aspects. Although there are hundreds of different species of grasses, learn how to choose the one that is best suited to your region.

41 TRACKING THE SUNFLOWER BEES L. M. Brown and F. D. Parker The USDA Bee Laboratory, situated at …

Correlations Of Phenolic Acids And Xylose Content Of Cell Wall With In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility Of Three Maturing Grasses, Elizabeth A. Burritt, A. S. Bittner, J. C. Street, M. J. Anderson

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

Maturing reed canarygrass, Russian wildrye, and smooth bromegrass cell walls were analyzed for lignin, phenolic acids, and neutral sugars. Linear correlation between in vitro dry matter digestibility and the p-coumaric acid content was −.86. The correlation between in vitro dry matter digestibility and ratio of p-coumaric to ferulic acid was −.84. Samples with high percentages of lignin also contained high ratios of p-coumaric to ferulic acid. Thus, p-coumaric acid may be more important than ferulic acid in crosslinking lignin to structural carbohydrates. Percent xylose and in vitro dry matter digestibility also were correlated significantly in all three species. A Russian …

The Utah Statesman, May 25, 1984, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

The Utah Statesman, May 23, 1984, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

The Utah Statesman, May 21, 1984, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

The Utah Statesman, May 18, 1984, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

The Utah Statesman, May 14, 1984, Utah State University

The Utah Statesman

Weekly student newspaper of Utah State University in Logan.

Xylorhiza Glabriuscula Var. Linearifolia (Asteraceae - Astereae): Stabilized Hybrid Derivative Or Evolutionary Intermediate?, Tamalyn Stockton

Biology

Morphological, ecological, flavonoid, and cytological studies were conducted to determine the origin of Xylorhiza glabriuscula var. linearifolia. These data strongly suggest that X. glabriuscula var. linearifolia (2n = 12, 24) has a hybrid origin, the putative parental taxa being X. glabriuscula var. glabriuscula (2n = 12) and X. tortifolia var. imberbis (2n = 12). Variety linearifolia is intermediate to the latter taxa morphologically and ecologically. In addition, it has a partially additive profile of the flavonoids found in the parental taxa. All the major types of flavonoids found in the parental taxa are represented in variety linearifolia, but it …

Utah State University Commencement, 1984 – Main Campus, Utah State University

Commencement Programs

Ninety-First Annual Commencement of Utah State University

An Electron Microscopic Study Of The Gill Chamber Of A Dragonfly Nymph (Odonata:Anisoptera), Patricia Bohm Trostle

Biology

The respiratory chamber of the dragonfly nymph, Aeshna multicolor, was studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Transmission electron micrographs enable several cellular types, includig two epithelial types, to be distinguished within the individual gill fold. Epithelial cells located basally on the gill fold show features of an osmoregulatory tissue. Cuticle limiting these cells is thinner than-that of typical epithelium, the plasmalemmae are infolded enclosing numerous mitochondria, and a system of extracellular channels is located basally with mitochondria and glycogen seen in the basal cellular outfoldings. Tracheoles are rare. Epithelial cells more distally placed are typical of …

The Use Of Social Science By The United States Supreme Court In Cases Raising Husband-Wife And Parent-Child Legal Issues, James R. Tanner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This research provides a descriptive study of the use of social science research contained in reported decisions of the United States Supreme Court. The cases were selected from case abstracts contained in two U.S. Supreme Court digests. The author relied on the court reporter's arrangement of abstracts of case decisions (sorted by substantive areas of the law) to identify relevant cases presenting issues of parent -child and husband-wife relations.

The following substantive areas were initially selected using this method: abortion, adultery and fornication, adoption, immigration, exclusion and deportation, bigamy, bastards, dower, death, domicil, divorce and separation, guardian and ward, homestead, …