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Accomplishment Report For Utah's Adaptive Resource Management Greater Sage-Grouse Local Working Groups, Terry A. Messmer, L. Belton, D. Dahlgren, Shandra Nicole Frey, Rae Ann Hart Jan 2014

Accomplishment Report For Utah's Adaptive Resource Management Greater Sage-Grouse Local Working Groups, Terry A. Messmer, L. Belton, D. Dahlgren, Shandra Nicole Frey, Rae Ann Hart

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Incorporating Cold-Air Pooling Into Downscaled Climate Models Increases Potential Refugia For Snow-Dependent Species Within The Sierra Nevada Ecoregion, Ca, Julie K. Young Jan 2014

Incorporating Cold-Air Pooling Into Downscaled Climate Models Increases Potential Refugia For Snow-Dependent Species Within The Sierra Nevada Ecoregion, Ca, Julie K. Young

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

We present a unique water-balance approach for modeling snowpack under historic, current and future climates throughout the Sierra Nevada Ecoregion. Our methodology uses a finer scale (270 m) than previous regional studies and incorporates cold-air pooling, an atmospheric process that sustains cooler temperatures in topographic depressions thereby mitigating snowmelt. Our results are intended to support management and conservation of snow-dependent species, which requires characterization of suitable habitat under current and future climates. We use the wolverine (Gulo gulo) as an example species and investigate potential habitat based on the depth and extent of spring snowpack within four National Park units …

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Greater Sage-Grouse Response To Season-Long And Prescribed Grazing., Seth J. Dettenmaier, Terry A. Messmer Jan 2014

Greater Sage-Grouse Response To Season-Long And Prescribed Grazing., Seth J. Dettenmaier, Terry A. Messmer

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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In The News, Robert J. Lewis, Joe N. Caudell Jan 2014

In The News, Robert J. Lewis, Joe N. Caudell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Nuisance American Alligators: An Investigation Into Trends And Public Opinion, Cord B. Eversol, Scott E. Henke, Jacob L. Ogdee, David B. Wester, Amos Cooper Jan 2014

Nuisance American Alligators: An Investigation Into Trends And Public Opinion, Cord B. Eversol, Scott E. Henke, Jacob L. Ogdee, David B. Wester, Amos Cooper

Human–Wildlife Interactions

The population rebound of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis; hereafter, alligator), with the rapid growth of populations throughout its range, has caused an influx of human–alligator conflicts. We quantified 5,838 nuisance alligator reports from 2000 to 2011 to develop more site-specific strategies of management and to determine where management should be focused to minimize the conflict. We also surveyed the general public’s attitude toward and knowledge of alligators (n = 98) as a technique to better understand human dimensions of nuisance alligator management in Texas. Counties that received the largest numbers of nuisance alligator reports were Jefferson (16%), Fort Bend …

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Influence Of Egg Oiling On Colony Presence Of Ring-Billed Gulls, Travis L. Devault, Paige M. Schmidt, Fred E. Pogmore, John Gobeille, Jerrold L. Belant, Thomas W. Seamans Jan 2014

Influence Of Egg Oiling On Colony Presence Of Ring-Billed Gulls, Travis L. Devault, Paige M. Schmidt, Fred E. Pogmore, John Gobeille, Jerrold L. Belant, Thomas W. Seamans

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Egg oiling is a form of management in which bird eggs are coated with mineral or corn oil, preventing gas exchange through the shell and killing embryos. Unlike other nest disturbance techniques, egg oiling reportedly precludes colony abandonment and, thus, can be advantageous when managers wish to limit dispersal within the breeding season to other locations while stabilizing the population or reducing productivity. However, unintended, indirect effects of egg oiling are not well-characterized. We evaluated the influence of egg oiling on ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) within the Lake Champlain basin, Vermont, during the nesting season to determine whether egg oiling …

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Integrating Mammalian Hazards With Management At U.S. Civil Airports: A Case Study, Kristin M. Biondi, Jerrold L. Belant, James A. Martin, Travis L. Devault, Guiming Wang Jan 2014

Integrating Mammalian Hazards With Management At U.S. Civil Airports: A Case Study, Kristin M. Biondi, Jerrold L. Belant, James A. Martin, Travis L. Devault, Guiming Wang

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Wildlife incidents with U.S. civil aircraft cost an estimated $1.4 billion from 1990 to 2010, with mammals 5 times more likely to cause damage than other wildlife. We surveyed 2 general aviation (GA) airports and 6 Part-139 certificated (i.e., certified) airports to assess efficacy of management practices for mammalian species hazardous to aircraft. We obtained information on mammalian species present on airport grounds, types and estimated effectiveness of management techniques, and effort spent on wildlife management. We evaluated management techniques relative to aircraft–wildlife collisions (i.e., incident) frequencies taken from Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) National Wildlife Strike Database and species hazard …

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Testing Systems Of Avian Perch Deterrents On Electric Power Distribution Poles In Sage-Brush Habitat, James F. Dwyer, Kerrin W. Doloughan Jan 2014

Testing Systems Of Avian Perch Deterrents On Electric Power Distribution Poles In Sage-Brush Habitat, James F. Dwyer, Kerrin W. Doloughan

Human–Wildlife Interactions

In Lincoln County, Washington, USA, greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and Columbian sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus) are managed as reintroduced and augmented populations, respectively. Predation by raptors and corvids is a concern, particularly where utility poles may provide hunting perches near leks (i.e., breeding areas). Perch deterrents may offer a mitigating strategy if deterrents reduce the frequency or duration of perching. To investigate the effects of various perch deterrents, we deployed deterrents on 5 power poles retained for use in this study when 33 poles were removed from occupied grouse habitat. We rotated deterrents among poles every 15 to 28 …

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Identifying People’S Most Preferred Management Technique For Feral Cats In Hawaii, Cheryl A. Lohr, Christopher A. Lepczyk, Linda J. Cox Jan 2014

Identifying People’S Most Preferred Management Technique For Feral Cats In Hawaii, Cheryl A. Lohr, Christopher A. Lepczyk, Linda J. Cox

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Feral cats (Felis catus) are abundant in many parts of the world and pose a threat to native wildlife. Human–wildlife conflicts regarding how feral cats should be managed have increased recently. In Hawaii, previous research has revealed that most residents would like to see the feral cat abundance reduced, but opinions differ regarding which techniques are acceptable for achieving this. This paper describes an analytical hierarchy process that combines rankings of decision criteria by Hawaii’s residents with expert knowledge of the costs and benefits associated with 7 techniques (live-capture and adoption, live-capture and lethal injection, live-capture and lethal gunshot, trap-neuter-release …

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Population Trends Of Resident And Migratory Canada Geese In Relation To Strikes With Civil Aircraft, Richard A. Dolbeer, John L. Seubert, Michael J. Begier Jan 2014

Population Trends Of Resident And Migratory Canada Geese In Relation To Strikes With Civil Aircraft, Richard A. Dolbeer, John L. Seubert, Michael J. Begier

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Canada geese (Branta canadensis) are of particular concern to aviation in the USA because of their large size, flocking behavior, attraction to airports for grazing, and, for the resident population, year-round presence in urban environments. We documented trends in resident and migrant Canada goose populations in North America from 1970 to 2012, and for 1990 to 2012 examined these trends in relation to trends in reported civil aircraft collisions (strikes) with Canada geese. The overall Canada goose population increased 4.5 fold from 1.26 million in 1970 to 5.69 million in 2012. Most of this overall increase was due …

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Wildlife Markets In South China, Alex T. Chow, Szeman Cheung, Peter K. Yip Jan 2014

Wildlife Markets In South China, Alex T. Chow, Szeman Cheung, Peter K. Yip

Human–Wildlife Interactions

China is one of the largest consumers of wild animals for food and traditional Chinese medicine in the world. A large volume of illegal trade has been recorded in the primary cities, such as Hong Kong and Guangzhou, but the wildlife markets in secondary Chinese cities have not been investigated. This study was carried out in 7 cities in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. Wildlife trade data were collected using semi-structured interview, observation, and market survey. The study documented the selling of 97 animal species, >7,000 individuals. The most frequently used animal groups by quantity were reptiles (51%), followed by birds …

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Evaluation Of Eight Repellents In Deterring Eastern Cottontail Herbivory In Connecticut, Scott C. Williams, Michael R. Short Jan 2014

Evaluation Of Eight Repellents In Deterring Eastern Cottontail Herbivory In Connecticut, Scott C. Williams, Michael R. Short

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Herbivory by eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus) can be the source of significant agricultural, nursery, and managed landscape damage. Where cottontails cannot be managed by lethal means or where trap and release is infeasible, repellents may be a reasonable alternative. We tested 8 different repellent formulations (Bobbex Deer Repellent® Canadian formulation concentrate, Bobbex Deer Repellent® Canadian ready-to-use (RTU), Bobbex-R Animal Repellent® concentrate, Bonide Repels All® concentrate, Bonide Deer & Rabbit Repellent® concentrate, Liquid Fence® Deer & Rabbit Repellent concentrate, Plantskydd® soluble powder, and Rabbit Stopper® RTU) on Johnny jump-ups (Viola tricolor), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and …

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Determination Of Residue Levels Of Alpha-Chloralose In Duck Tissues, David A. Goldade, Randal S. Stahl, John. J. Johnston Jan 2014

Determination Of Residue Levels Of Alpha-Chloralose In Duck Tissues, David A. Goldade, Randal S. Stahl, John. J. Johnston

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Alpha-chloralose (AC) is used to capture nuisance waterfowl so that they can be relocated. Concerns for food safety limit its use prior to or during the waterfowl hunting season. To determine its half-life in tissue, we administered AC to adult male (n = 7) and female (n = 5) mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) via oral gavage. A gel capsule containing 100 μCi of radioactive AC (14C-AC) and sufficient nonlabeled AC to produce a dose of approximately 30 mg/kg was given to each duck.The ducks were euthanized at 2, 6, 10, and 18 hours postdosing …

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Forecasting The Spread Of Raccoon Rabies Using A Purpose-Specific Group Decisionmaking Process, Aaron M. Anderson, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Richard B. Chipman, Todd Atwood, Tyler Cozzens, Frank Fillo, Robert Hale, Brody Hatch, Joanne Maki, Olin E. Rhodes, Erin E. Rees, Charles E. Rupprecht, Rowland Tinline, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Dennis Slate Jan 2014

Forecasting The Spread Of Raccoon Rabies Using A Purpose-Specific Group Decisionmaking Process, Aaron M. Anderson, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Richard B. Chipman, Todd Atwood, Tyler Cozzens, Frank Fillo, Robert Hale, Brody Hatch, Joanne Maki, Olin E. Rhodes, Erin E. Rees, Charles E. Rupprecht, Rowland Tinline, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Dennis Slate

Human–Wildlife Interactions

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and USDA Wildlife Services (WS) have been involved in an oral rabies vaccination (ORV) program for raccoons (Procyon lotor) that has slowed the westward spread of raccoon rabies. The objective of this study was to forecast the spread of the disease if an ORV zone was not maintained. A group decision-making process was designed to address the forecasting problem and was implemented using a group of 15 experts and 4 support personnel at a meeting at the USDA National Wildlife Research Center. Ten expansion regions were constructed that described the spread of …

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Scarred For Life: The Other Side Of The Fence Debate, Paul F. Jones Jan 2014

Scarred For Life: The Other Side Of The Fence Debate, Paul F. Jones

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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In The News, Robert J. Lewis, Joe N. Caudell Jan 2014

In The News, Robert J. Lewis, Joe N. Caudell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Reducing The Potential For Human–Snake Encounters In A Recreational Park, Evin T. Carter, Omar Attum, Bryan C. Eads, Andrew S. Hoffman, Bruce A. Kingsbury Jan 2014

Reducing The Potential For Human–Snake Encounters In A Recreational Park, Evin T. Carter, Omar Attum, Bryan C. Eads, Andrew S. Hoffman, Bruce A. Kingsbury

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Parks and outdoor recreation areas often struggle to balance management for outdoor recreation with the protection of native flora and fauna. Additional complications can arise for land managers when recreation occurs in areas shared with wildlife that are perceived by humans to be dangerous. Despite these issues, many parks may inadvertently increase the potential for human–wildlife encounters through the creation of artificial forest gaps used for recreational purposes. We determined the potential for human encounters with venomous copperhead snakes (Agkistrodon contortrix) at a recreational park in southern Indiana before and after several simulated closures of recreational forest gaps. …

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Effects Of Removal On A Lightly Exploited Coyote Population In Eastern Nevada, Patrick J. Jackson Jan 2014

Effects Of Removal On A Lightly Exploited Coyote Population In Eastern Nevada, Patrick J. Jackson

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Coyote (Canis latrans) removal is a common, yet controversial, management practice to increase game populations throughout the West. I studied the effect of removal on coyote populations in eastern Nevada from 2004 to 2008 and reviewed 27 available publications to determine the level of human exploitation on my study populations. Removals were performed by USDA Wildlife Services (WS) to benefit game populations and involved the use of trapping, neck snaring, and ground and aerial shooting. To determine if the removal had an effect on the coyote populations, I measured 3 parameters: the presence or absence of skewed sex …

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A Spatially Explicit Model Of The White-Tailed Deer Population In Delaware, Brian Jennings, Jacob L. Bowman, Elizabeth L. Tymkiw Jan 2014

A Spatially Explicit Model Of The White-Tailed Deer Population In Delaware, Brian Jennings, Jacob L. Bowman, Elizabeth L. Tymkiw

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Population models of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are used by many states to predict population levels and aid in making management decisions. Delaware did not have a deer population model, so we developed one and used it to investigate the implications of changes to the harvest. We modeled 7 changes to the harvest regime and compared these changes to the base line of no changes to the harvest regime. We used survival rates, reproductive rates, harvest data, a population estimate, and spotlight counts to construct the model. The model scenario began in February 2006 and ran until August …

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Effectiveness Of A Simulated Pack To Manipulate Wolf Movements, Christine M. Anhalt, Timothy R. Van Deelen, Ronald N. Schultz, Adrian P. Wydeven Jan 2014

Effectiveness Of A Simulated Pack To Manipulate Wolf Movements, Christine M. Anhalt, Timothy R. Van Deelen, Ronald N. Schultz, Adrian P. Wydeven

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Bioboundaries, also called biofences, are deterrents that attempt to exploit certain innate behaviors to exclude wildlife from target areas. We hypothesized that human-deployed scent marks and playbacks of foreign howls could simulate a territorial gray wolf (Canis lupus) pack impinging on a resident pack, thereby causing the resident pack to move. During summer 2010, we deployed a simulated-pack bioboundary near 3 wolf packs in northern Wisconsin and monitored their movements relative to 3 wolf packs experiencing a sham treatment, to control for effects of human presence. We analyzed wolves’ locations (≥1 location per week) and used linear models …

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Characteristics And Distribution Of Live-Stock Losses Caused By Wild Carnivores In Maasai Steppe Of Northern Tanzania, Batistino P. Mponzi, Christopher A. Lepczyk, Bernard M. Kissui Jan 2014

Characteristics And Distribution Of Live-Stock Losses Caused By Wild Carnivores In Maasai Steppe Of Northern Tanzania, Batistino P. Mponzi, Christopher A. Lepczyk, Bernard M. Kissui

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Agricultural development accelerates the loss of habitat for many wildlife species and brings humans and animals in close proximity, resulting in increased human–wildlife conflict. In Africa, such conflicts contribute to carnivore population declines in the form of human retaliation for livestock depredation. However, little knowledge exists about when and where carnivores attack livestock. Given this need, our objectives were to (1) understand the spatial and temporal variation of human–carnivore conflict and (2) identify conflict-prone areas. We addressed these objectives in 18 Tanzanian villages of the Maasai Steppe using livestock depredation data on lions (Panthera leo), spotted hyenas ( …

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American Black Bear–Apiary Conflicts In Michigan, Beverly K. Mckinley, Jerrold L. Belant, Dwayne R. Etter Jan 2014

American Black Bear–Apiary Conflicts In Michigan, Beverly K. Mckinley, Jerrold L. Belant, Dwayne R. Etter

Human–Wildlife Interactions

American black bear (Ursus americanus) damage to apiaries can result in substantial economic loss. We used records of black–bear apiary conflicts collected by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources to characterize damage in the Upper and Northern Lower peninsulas of Michigan from April 2003 to May 2011. Most conflicts occurred between May and July, and the number of conflicts decreased across years. The number of reported conflicts was directly correlated with bear population size. However, we found no positive association between numbers of reported conflicts with bear condition as indexed by winter severity and hive abundance. Intolerance toward …

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Examining Patterns Of Animal–Vehicle Collisions In Alabama, Usa, Xiongwen Chen, Shuhong Wu Jan 2014

Examining Patterns Of Animal–Vehicle Collisions In Alabama, Usa, Xiongwen Chen, Shuhong Wu

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Animal–vehicle collisions (AVCs) cause animal death, human injury, and vehicle damage. Uncovering the general patterns and related ecological processes of AVCs is useful for developing mitigation strategies. We examined some previous patterns about AVCs from records in Alabama during 2001 to 2011. The results confirm that: (1) there was a seasonal pattern, with >50% of AVCs occurring in winter; (2) AVCs occurred most frequently at dawn and dusk in the diurnal pattern; and (3) most AVCs occurred on county highways. However, interstate and federal highways had higher numbers of AVCs per km of road. Counties within metropolitan areas had more …

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Soil Quality Manipulation To Reduce Bird Presence At Airports, Theresa K. Johnston, Bruce Branham, Jeffrey Brawn Jan 2014

Soil Quality Manipulation To Reduce Bird Presence At Airports, Theresa K. Johnston, Bruce Branham, Jeffrey Brawn

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Aviation safety is an important concern in wildlife management as bird strikes risk human lives and result in costly damage. Habitat management can decrease bird abundances locally at airports. We tested soil manipulation as a technique to reduce local bird presence by establishing experimental plots with either intact topsoil or “stripped” subsoil with the aim of decreasing foraging substrate for birds. We estimated invertebrate abundance, and observed bird presence from 2006 to 2008. More birds visited topsoil plots (151.5 birds/ ha/hour) than subsoil plots (72.7 birds/ha/hour). Topsoil plots supported a greater biomass of invertebrates than subsoil plots ( = 0.39 …

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Efficacy Of Ropel® As A Coyote Repellent, Elizabeth A. Miller, Julie K. Young, Scott Stelting, Bruce A. Kimball Jan 2014

Efficacy Of Ropel® As A Coyote Repellent, Elizabeth A. Miller, Julie K. Young, Scott Stelting, Bruce A. Kimball

Human–Wildlife Interactions

We examined the repellency of a commercially available animal repellent to determine the efficacy of its application to objects that are attractive to coyotes (Canis latrans). Specifically, we aimed to both prevent chewing behavior by coyotes on a nylon-like strapping material, which is used to construct barrier-arresting systems on military airstrips, and determine the ability of the solution to prevent the animals from repeating the undesired behavior. We mixed Ropel® Animal and Rodent Repellent with a liquid latex sticker to form a 2% latex and 98% Ropel solution. We used a 2% latex and 98% water solution as …

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In Defense Of Field Experiments: Response To Askham And Godfrey (2014), Charles D. Dieter, Cody S. Warner, Curiong Ren Jan 2014

In Defense Of Field Experiments: Response To Askham And Godfrey (2014), Charles D. Dieter, Cody S. Warner, Curiong Ren

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Wildlife In Airport Environments: Preventing Animal–Aircraft Collisions Through Science-Based Management, Joe N. Caudell Jan 2014

Wildlife In Airport Environments: Preventing Animal–Aircraft Collisions Through Science-Based Management, Joe N. Caudell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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The Influence Of Mesa Activities On Underrepresented Students Nsf Dr K-12 Proposal 1020019, C. Hailey, Chandra Austin Stallworth, Cameron Denson, Daniel L. Householder Jan 2014

The Influence Of Mesa Activities On Underrepresented Students Nsf Dr K-12 Proposal 1020019, C. Hailey, Chandra Austin Stallworth, Cameron Denson, Daniel L. Householder

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Mathematics, Engineering, Science Achievement (MESA) outreach programs are partnerships between K-12 schools and higher education in nine states. MESA efforts introduce integrated experiences in science, mathematics and engineering to K-12 students from groups that are traditionally underrepresented in the STEM disciplines. This exploratory study examined the influence of selected MESA activities on students' self-efficacy, their perceptions of engineering, and their interest in engineering and other STEM fields. Field trips, guest lecturers, design competitions, hands-on activities and student career and academic advisement were of specific interest in this survey. The project also investigated the relationship between student engagement in MESA and …

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Friction Coefficients For Dried Distillers Grains On Eight Structural Surfaces, G. C. Nyendu, S. Pflum, P. Schumacher, C. J. Bern, T. J. Brumm Jan 2014

Friction Coefficients For Dried Distillers Grains On Eight Structural Surfaces, G. C. Nyendu, S. Pflum, P. Schumacher, C. J. Bern, T. J. Brumm

Biological Engineering Faculty Publications

Static and dynamic coefficients of friction on structural surfaces play important roles in the power requirements and material selection for equipment used in handling and storing agricultural commodities. However, friction data on dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) is limited. Further, lack of a standardized method for determining friction coefficient on grain handling materials presents a challenge. This article describes studies carried out to determine the static coefficient of friction (•_s) and dynamic coefficient of friction (•_d) for corn DDGS at 10%, 8.2%, and 6.5% moisture content (all moistures are % wet basis) on eight structural surfaces: High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), …

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Genetic Mechanisms Underlying The Pathogenicity Of Cold-Stressed Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium In Cultured Intestinal Epithelial Cells, J. Shah, P. T. Desai, B. C. Weimer Jan 2014

Genetic Mechanisms Underlying The Pathogenicity Of Cold-Stressed Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium In Cultured Intestinal Epithelial Cells, J. Shah, P. T. Desai, B. C. Weimer

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Salmonella encounters various stresses in the environment and in the host during infection. The effects of cold (5 C, 48 h), peroxide (5 mM H2O2, 5 h) and acid stress (pH 4.0, 90 min) were tested on pathogenicity of Salmonella. Prior exposure of Salmonella to cold stress significantly (P < 0.05) increased adhesion and invasion of cultured intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells. This increased Salmonella-host cell association was also correlated with significant induction of several virulence-associated genes, implying an increased potential of cold-stressed Salmonella to cause an infection. In Caco-2 cells infected with cold-stressed Salmonella, genes involved in the electron transfer chain were significantly induced, but no simultaneous significant increase in expression of antioxidant genes that neutralize the effect of superoxide radicals or reactive oxygen species was observed. Increased production of caspase 9 and caspase 3/7 was confirmed during host cell infection with cold-stressed Salmonella. Further, a prophage gene, STM2699, induced in cold-stressed Salmonella and a spectrin gene, SPTAN1, induced in Salmonella-infected intestinal epithelial cells were found to have a significant contribution in increased adhesion and invasion of cold-stressed Salmonella in epithelial cells.

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