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Numerical Study On The Hydraulic Conditions For Species Migrating Downstream Over A Weir, Carsten Thorenz, Michael Gebhardt, Roman Weichert

International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures

The German Waterways and Shipping Administration (WSV) has to replace several weirs in the near future. In addition to maintenance and operation, the WSV is also responsible for the establishment of the ecological continuity, i.e. free migration of species like fish along the river and thus over weirs. The downstream migration over weirs with low to medium heads was a mostly neglected issue and was commonly considered to be an insignificant hazard for fishes. Recently, this assumption was tackled by fish biologists by applying design rules for plunge pools at fish bypasses to weirs. As a consequence, an additional plunge …

Piano Key Weir Research: State-Of-The-Art And Future Challenges, M. Oertel

International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures

Piano Key Weirs (PKW) are non-linear weir structures, which were developed in the late 1990’s. In the following years several structures were investigated in experimental as well as numerical models and were also built in prototypes, especially in France. Thereby, PKWs represent an improvement and further development of so called Labyrinth weirs, but with an additional increase of discharge capacities and a reduced footprint. Two main PKW applications can be separated in research projects: (1) on top of dams (flood release structures) and (2) in-channel applications (replacement of regular weirs). The main difference between Labyrinth and Piano Key Weirs can …

Effects Of Weir With An Opening On Bed Morphology And Flow Patterns, T. Ohmoto, Hirotaka Une

International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures

No abstract provided.

Target Sequence Capture Of Nuclear-Encoded Genes For Phylogenetic Analysis In Ferns, Paul G. Wolf, Tanner A. Robison, Matthew G. Johnson, Michael A. Sundue, Weston L. Testo, Carl J. Rothfels

Biology Faculty Publications

Premise of the Study

Until recently, most phylogenetic studies of ferns were based on chloroplast genes. Evolutionary inferences based on these data can be incomplete because the characters are from a single linkage group and are uniparentally inherited. These limitations are particularly acute in studies of hybridization, which is prevalent in ferns; fern hybrids are common and ferns are able to hybridize across highly diverged lineages, up to 60 million years since divergence in one documented case. However, it not yet clear what effect such hybridization has on fern evolution, in part due to a paucity of available biparentally inherited …

Fish Behaviour In The Vicinity Of A Navigation Lock Complex: The Challenges, J. Vergeynst, Raf Baeyens, Johan Coeck, Ine Pauwels, Ingmar Nopens, Ans Mouton, Tom De Mulder

International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures

Hydraulic structures such as navigation locks, pumping stations and hydropower plants play an important role in navigation, water management and sustainable energy production. However, these structures may severely impact the aquatic ecosystem and freshwater fish in particular. In Belgium, the Albert Canal connecting the river Meuse to the river Scheldt, is an important migration route for European eel (Anguilla anguilla, critically endangered) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, vulnerable). Both species have a downstream migrating phase in their lifecycle (respectively silver eels and salmon smolts), during which they are hampered by hydraulic structures. In the coming years, Archimedes screws are to …

Design Of Auxiliary Water Systems For Fishways, G. Fiedler

International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures

The German Waterways and Shipping Administration (WSV) is responsible for the restoration of upstream migration of fish at the federal waterways. For that purpose a large number of fish passages have to be built in the near future. As federal waterways are usually characterised by large channel widths, it is an important aspect that fish find the entrance of a fishway. The sensory capabilities of fish are manifold. However, it is generally accepted that fish mainly orientate on the flow during their upstream migration. In this respect, the attraction flow of a fishway in the tailwater of a dam becomes …

Flow And Turbulence Measurements In A Diagonal Brush Fish Pass: A Field Study, S. Kucukali

International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures

This study aims to investigate flow and turbulence structure of a diagonal brush fish passage which has been constructed at the existing Small Hydropower Plant (SHP) on İyidere River on the East Black Sea Coast of Turkey. The flow and turbulence characteristics of diagonal brush fish pass were investigated in a 1.1 m wide rectangular flume with a bed slope of 10% for Reynolds and Froude number ranging between 3.45x10⁴-2.4x10⁵ and 0.15-0.16, respectively. By taking into account dynamic upstream water levels (H=101.20 m to H=102.05 m) of fish pass structure throughout the year, the vertical velocity profiles …

Smart Baffles To Assist Upstream Culvert Passage Of Small-Bodied Fish, Joseph Cabonce, Hang Wang, Hubert Chanson

International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures

Current culvert designs are very similar to ancient designs. Some recognition of the ecological impact of culverts on natural streams and rivers led to changes in culvert design guidelines, too often associated with un-economical design recommendations. A simple triangular baffle system, developed at the University of Queensland, may assist upstream passage of small body-mass fish in box culvert structures on very flat bed slope, while inducing little reduction in discharge capacity at design flow conditions and creating sizeable slow flow regions in less-than-design flow conditions. The system was tested systematically in a near-full-scale physical facility, 0.5 m wide and 12 …

Influence Of Inflow And Outflow Boundary Conditions On Flow Situation In Vertical Slot Fishways, Jessica Klein, Mario Oertel Prof. Dr.-Ing. Habil.

International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures

Fishways are of importance for stabilization and regeneration of fish populations. Since most waterways and rivers are anthropogenic modified – e.g. to make them navigable or to produce energy, etc. – the effect on biology and morphology is not negligible. Some fish species are nearly extinct because they cannot reach their natural habitat to spawn or feed or the genetic diversity is lacking due to barriers that cannot be overcome. In the past decades a growing effort was made to decrease the ecological impact. Consequently, several fishways were built to provide migration corridors for various aquatic organisms. Since the 1980’s …

Fresh Marsh Network Modeling For Ecological Continuity, L. Guiot, L. Cassan, Gilles Belaud

International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures

No abstract provided.

Influence Of Density Of Large Stems On The Blocking Probability At Spillways, Paloma Furlan, Michael Pfister, Jorge Matos, Anton J. Schleiss

International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures

Dam safety is strongly linked to the probability of occurrence of large floods. Floods can transport large wood (LW) into reservoirs and towards water release structures as spillways. Due to blocking and clogging, LW may significantly influence the discharge capacity of spillways and thus result in a dangerous rise of the water level in the reservoir. For a better assessment of the related risk, the behaviour of LW in contact with hydraulic structures has to be known. Thus the understanding of LW blockage processes at the spillway and the resulting water level rise in the reservoir is important for the …

Building Resistance And Resilience: Regeneration Should Not Be Left To Chance, James N. Long, Marcella A. Windmuller-Campione, R. Justin Derose

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

Contemporary forest planning has tasked managers with developing goals associated with resistance and resilience. In practice, silviculturists use forest structure and tree species composition to characterize goals and desired future conditions, write prescriptions, and monitor outcomes associated with resistance and resilience. Although rarely discussed in the exploding literature relating to forest resistance and resilience, silvicultural regeneration methods are important and underutilized tools to meet these goals. We propose alternative silvicultural systems for building resistance and resilience to two common large-scale bark beetle disturbance agents in the Intermountain West, United States: mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) and spruce beetle (Dendroctonus …

Four-Wavelength Lidar For In-Situ Speciation Of Aerosols, Michael Wojcik, Alan Bird, Jason Wooden, Jim Peterson, Morgan Davidson, Monte Frandsen

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

The system and mechanical design of a four-wavelength lidar system is described. The system is designed to be maximally adaptive to deployment scenario in terms of both size/weight/power and detection application. The wavelengths included in the system are 266 nm, 355 nm, 1064 nm, and 1574 nm – all generated from Nd:YAG based pump laser sources. The system is designed to have a useful range from 400 meters to 5,000 meters, depending on the wavelength and atmospheric conditions.

Utah State University Names New Engineering Dean | College Of Engineering, Usu College Of Engineering

College of Engineering News

Longtime Utah State University professor and administrator Jagath Kaluarachchi has been selected as the new dean of USU’s College of Engineering.

Tetrel Bonding As A Vehicle For Strong And Selective Anion Binding, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Tetrel atoms T (T = Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) can engage in very strong noncovalent interactions with nucleophiles, which are commonly referred to as tetrel bonds. The ability of such bonds to bind various anions is assessed with a goal of designing an optimal receptor. The Sn atom seems to form the strongest bonds within the tetrel family. It is most effective in the context of a -SnF3 group and a further enhancement is observed when a positive charge is placed on the receptor. Connection of the -SnF3 group to either an imidazolium or triazolium provides a strong halide …

Organic Compound Emissions From A Landfarm Used For Oil And Gas Solid Waste Disposal, Seth N. Lyman, Marc L. Mansfield

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Solid or sludgy hydrocarbon waste is a byproduct of oil and gas exploration and production. One commonly-used method of disposing of this waste is landfarming. Landfarming involves spreading hydrocarbon waste on soils, tilling it into the soil, and allowing it to biodegrade. We used a dynamic flux chamber to measure fluxes of methane, a suite of 54 non-methane hydrocarbons, and light alcohols from an active and a remediated landfarm in eastern Utah, U.S.A. Fluxes from the remediated landfarm were not different from a PTFE sheet or from undisturbed soils in the region. Fluxes of methane, total non-methane hydrocarbons, and alcohols …

Checklist Of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) From Managed Emergent Wetlands In The Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley Of Arkansas, Phillip L. Stephenson, Terry Griswold, Michael S. Arduser, Ashley P. G. Dowling, David G. Krementz

All PIRU Publications

Background

Here we present the results from a two-year bee survey conducted on 18 managed emergent wetlands in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Arkansas, USA. Sample methods included pan traps, sweep netting and blue-vane traps. We document 83 bee species and morphospecies in 5 families and 31 genera, of which 37 species represent first published state records for Arkansas. The majority of species were opportunistic wetland species; only a small number were wetland-dependent species or species largely restricted to alluvial plains.

New information

We present new distributional records for bee species not previously recorded in managed emergent wetlands and …

Congratulations 2018 Graduates, Usu College Of Engineering

College of Engineering News

The College of Engineering at Utah State University congratulates all students who graduated May 4-5.

A 10b Sar Adc With An Ultra-Low Power Supply, Alexander Petrie

Utah Space Grant Consortium

A 0.2V 10-bit 5 kS/s Successive Approximation Register ADC design is presented. This design achieves a very low power consumption due to the ultra-low power supply voltage used. Different aspects in the ADC design are optimized for 0.2V and modified to meet the speed requirements for the ADC. Preliminary Cadence simulations show a 4nW total power consumption with a peak SNDR of 57 dB and a FOM of 1.3 fJ/conversion-step.

Using Combined Microgravity And Radiation To Simulate Skeletal Muscle Damage In Space, Lori Caldwell

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Muscular atrophy, defined as the loss of muscle tissue, is a serious issue for immobilized patients on Earth and in human spaceflight, where microgravity prevents normal muscle loading. Developing countermeasures for atrophy in spaceflight will require extensive screening of pharmaceuticals for efficacy, safety, contraindications, and dosage schedule. Due to the cost of spaceflight and limited crew time aboard the International Space Station, high throughput screening of pharmaceuticals under real microgravity conditions is not feasible. While traditional ground-based atrophy studies using the rodent hind-limb unloading model are effective at inducing physiological changes similar to spaceflight, they are not suited for first …

Hotspot Analysis Reveals Large Landscape Controls Over Cheatgrass (Bromus Tectorum) Persistence Across Arid Landscapes, Tara Bishop

Utah Space Grant Consortium

The invasion of exotic annual grasses during the last century has transformed plant habitats and communities worldwide. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is a winter annual grass that has invaded over 100 million acres of the western United States (Pellant and Hall, 1994. Pellant, 1996). Cheatgrass quickly utilizes available resources especially after a disturbance to the landscape. A major impact of invasion is the increased frequency in fires (D’Antonio and Vitousek, 1992). As cheatgrass is highly successful at invading open and disturbed landscapes at a rapid pace it increases the frequency and severity of fires in arid landscapes (Brooks, 2005). Cheatgrass’ prolific …

Genome Polymorphism Detection Through Relaxed De Bruijn Graph Construction, Stanley Fujimoto

Utah Space Grant Consortium

Comparing genomes to identify polymorphisms is a difficult task, especially beyond single nucleotide polymorphisms. Polymorphism detection is important in disease association studies as well as in phylogenetic tree reconstruction. We present a method for identifying polymorphisms in genomes by using a modified version de Bruijn graphs, data structures widely used in genome assembly from Next- Generation Sequencing. Using our method, we are able to identify polymorphisms that exist within a genome as well as well as see graph structures that form in the de Bruijn graph for particular types of polymorphisms (translocations, etc.)

Assessing Habitability In Rsl And Other Potential Perchlorate-Driven Habits On Mars, Jonathan Shumway, Katelyn Hendricks

Utah Space Grant Consortium

- New evidence in 2011 suggests the presence of liquid water on Mars through a phenomenon called recurring slope lineae (RSL) (McEwen et al., 2011) - RSL are hypothesized to form via deliquescence and are predominantly found in the Martian equatorial region and southern mid-latitudes - Most common salt detected in RSL sites is magnesium perchlorate Mg(ClO4)2, a salt that significantly lowers the freezing point of brines, allowing an aqueous state as low as -68 ℃, perhaps supporting life (Toner, Catling, & Light, 2014) - Subsurface ice has also been revealed via digging by Phoenix Lander and post-crater impacts - …

Water-Mediated Carbon–Oxygen Hydrogen Bonding Facilitates S-Adenosylmethionine Recognition In The Reactivation Domain Of Cobalamin-Dependent Methionine Synthase, Robert J. Fick, Mary C. Clay, Lucas Vander Lee, Steve Scheiner, Hashim M. Al-Hashimi, Raymond C. Trievel

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The C-terminal domain of cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase (MetH) has an essential role in catalyzing the reactivation of the enzyme following the oxidation of its cobalamin cofactor. This reactivation occurs through reductive methylation of the cobalamin using S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) as the methyl donor. Herein, we examine the molecular recognition of AdoMet by the MetH reactivation domain utilizing structural, biochemical, and computational approaches. Crystal structures of the Escherichia coli MetH reactivation domain in complex with AdoMet, the methyl transfer product S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), and the AdoMet analogue inhibitor sinefungin illustrate that the ligands exhibit an analogous conformation within the solvent-exposed substrate binding cleft …

Space Environment Effects: Payoffs Of Unsgc Research Infrastructure Awards, Jr Dennison, Elizabeth Vargis

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Pooling Of Variances: The Skeleton In The Mixed Model Closet?, Philip M. Dixon

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture and Natural Resources

I explore three related issues concerning pooling of error variances: when is it appropriate (or not) to pool, how best to evaluate equality of variances, and whether there is a cost to never pooling. I focus on pooling decisions in a combined analysis of a multi-site experiment. A-priori, sites should have different error variances. My primary question is whether an analysis that ignores unequal variances is wrong.

I find that ignoring heteroscedasticity between sites maintains, or provides slightly conservative, tests of average treatment effects and treatment-by-site interactions. Models with site-specific variances do provide more powerful tests when variances are different. …

Characterization Of An N-Terminal Non-Core Domain Of Rag1 Gene Disrupted Syrian Hamster Model Generated By Crispr Cas9, Jinxin Miao, Baoling Ying, Rong Li, Ann E. Tollefson, Jacqueline F. Spencer, William S.M. Wold, Seok-Hwan Song, Il-Keun Kong, Karoly Toth, Yaohe Wang, Zhongde Wang

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

The accumulating evidence demonstrates that Syrian hamsters have advantages as models for various diseases. To develop a Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) model of human immunodeficiency caused by RAG1 gene mutations, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system and introduced an 86-nucleotide frameshift deletion in the hamster RAG1 gene encoding part of the N-terminal non-core domain of RAG1. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that these hamsters (referred herein as RAG1-86nt hamsters) had atrophic spleen and thymus, and developed significantly less white pulp and were almost completely devoid of splenic lymphoid follicles. The RAG1-nt86 hamsters had barely detectable CD3+ and CD4+ T cells. The …

Reading Female Identity Creation: Self-Realization In Colonial And Postcolonial African Literature, Katie Johnson Jorgensen

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The thesis, Re-defining Madness: Reading Female Identity Creation and Self-realization in Colonial and Postcolonial African Literature, compares female identity creation in three novels by African female authors. It reveals how the colonial texts represent extreme female identity formation (stagnation vs. transcendent life) juxtaposed with the dynamic and interconnected identity formation represented in postcolonial writing. The analysis begins with The Joys of Motherhood by Buchi Emecheta (Nigeria), to detail how identity stagnation results when the protagonist faces oppression in her culturally defined role as mother, yet returns to this role without further opposition. The second section focuses on Efuru by Flora …

Woodland Caribou Habitat Selection Patterns In Relation To Predation Risk And Forage Abundance Depend On Reproductive State, Rebecca Viejou, Tal Avgar, Glen S. Brown, Brent R. Patterson, Doug E. B. Reid, Arthur R. Rodgers, Jennifer Shuter, Ian D. Thompson, John M. Fryxell

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

The ideal free distribution assumes that animals select habitats that are beneficial to their fitness. When the needs of dependent offspring differ from those of the parent, ideal habitat selection patterns could vary with the presence or absence of offspring. We test whether habitat selection depends on reproductive state due to top‐down or bottom‐up influences on the fitness of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), a threatened, wide‐ranging herbivore. We combined established methods of fitting resource and step selection functions derived from locations of collared animals in Ontario with newer techniques, including identifying calf status from video collar footage and seasonal …

Sequential And Differential Interaction Of Assembly Factors During Nitrogenase Mofe Protein Maturation, Emilio Jimenez-Vicente, Zhi-Yong Yang, W. Keith Ray, Carlos Echavarri-Erasun, Valerie L. Cash, Luis M. Rubio, Lance C. Seefeldt, Dennis R. Dean

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Nitrogenases reduce atmospheric nitrogen, yielding the basic inorganic molecule ammonia. The nitrogenase MoFe protein contains two cofactors, a [7Fe-9S-Mo-C-homocitrate] active-site species, designated FeMo-cofactor, and a [8Fe-7S] electron-transfer mediator called P-cluster. Both cofactors are essential for molybdenum-dependent nitrogenase catalysis in the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii. We show here that three proteins, NafH, NifW, and NifZ, copurify with MoFe protein produced by an A. vinelandii strain deficient in both FeMo-cofactor formation and P-cluster maturation. In contrast, two different proteins, NifY and NafY, copurified with MoFe protein deficient only in FeMo-cofactor formation. We refer to proteins associated with immature MoFe protein in …