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Interrelationships Between Benthic Macroinvertebrates And Habitat In A Mountain Stream, John M. Payne

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study to determine habitat differences of benthic macroinvertebrates was conducted on the upper Strawberry River, Utah. The investigation was part of a large scale project to determine minimum stream flow requirements for trout. The effects of time, habitat, depth and velocity on the distribution of benthic fauna were evaluated.

Samples of benthic invertebrates (146 total) were collected every 2 months at 8 stations on the river from November, 1975 through August, 1976. Representatives of 59 taxa were collected. Eight taxa comprised 90 percent of the mean annual community standing crop in numbers. Biomass was not dominated by any group …

Spectral Signature Studies For Application In Deer Census Using Remote Sensing Techniques, Maran C. Pate

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was performed to determine the spectral signatures of deer and their natural background elements for censusing purposes. Consideration was given to atmospheric transmittance, acceptable flying weather, and terrain. Possible spectral bands between 0.3 and 14.0 μm were obtained (over a pathlength of 1500 feet at an altitude of 5000 feet) based upon atmospheric transmittance using the LOWTRAN 3B computer program. They are: 0.30 - 1.33, 1.49 - 1.79, 2.00 - 2.50, 3.00 - 3.16, 3.38 - 4.10, 4.59 - 5.05, and 8.00 - 13.33 μm, for transmittance greater than 75%. Weather conditions are favorable for flying and taking …

Effects Of Forage Availability On Voluntary Intake And Feeding Behavior Of Grazing Heifers, Anastasios S. Nastis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forage intake by animals is an important factor in determining production of livestock products from rangelands. However, relatively little is known of effects of such forage variables as availability and distribution in space upon intake. Even less is known about how the grazing animal modifies its feeding tactics when confronted with diminishing or limited supplies of available forage and how such altered behavior may affect the animal's energetic cost for existence. Forage intake, body weight gain, grazing time and biting rate of Angus heifers was related to forage availability and plant height on semiarid crested wheatgrass rangeland during the late …

Two Basic Methodological Choices In Wildland Vegetation Inventories: Their Consequences And Implications, Donald Alan Shute

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In designing inventories of wildland vegetation, two of the many basic methodological choices are: 1) whether data are collected, reduced, and stored in discrete classes or as continuous variables, and 2) whether data are gathered as general purpose variables to bear upon many questions, or as specific purpose variables optimized for only one type of prediction. The effects of these two choices on accuracy of vegetation inventories to predict plant community production were examined by comparing regression models built upon differing sets of independent variables "inventoried" from a common data base. Contrary to expectations, discrete variables of classified community types …

Changes In Spider Community Attributes Along A Subalpine Successional Gradient, Gerald Norman Waagen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The spider communities of four stages of a successional sere leading to and including spruce forests were studied in northern Utah. Four seral stages were recognized. These include: meadows, aspen (Populus tremuloides) stands, subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) forest, and the climax Engelmann spruce (Pica engelmanii) forests.

During the snow-free periods of 1976, 1977 and 1978, 15,987 spiders were collected by three methods including: pitfall traps, by beating vegetation, and with sweep-net samples. Additionally, 1600 15-second intervals of behavioral observations, and measurements of 182 web locations were made.

Of 99 species collected, 44 were considered …

The Toxicity, Metabolism And Distribution Of Carbaryl In Three Species Of Labops With And Without Piperonyl Butoxide Treatment (Hemiptera:Miridae), Deifalla H. Osman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Carbaryl toxicity, metabolism, and distribution in adults of three species of grass bugs from the genus Labops were studied in relation to species, sex, and treatment with piperonyl butoxide. LC₅₀ values for 8 hour exposure periods ranged from 0.02-0.14, 0.03-0.3, and 0.2-0.7 μg carbaryl/vial for L. utahensis, L. hirtus, and L. hesperius respectively. The males were more susceptible to carbaryl than females. Males of L. utahensis were more susceptible than L. hirtus and L. hesperius respectively.

The synergist difference values (LC₅₀ of carbaryl alone - LC₅₀ values of carbaryl after piperonyl butoxide treatment) were measured. …

Effects Of Acid Fermentation, Dry-Heat And Wet-Heat Processing On The Bioavailability Of Calcium, Iron And Fluoride In Mechanically-Deboned Beef, Tzy-Bin Nancy Tso

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mechanically-deboned beef shank (MDS) and hand-deboned beef shank (HDS) were prepared into thuringer (acid fermented), canned meat (retorted) and bologna (dry-heated). Raw meat and these products were then lyophilized and mixed into balanced diets and fed to weanling male rats for three weeks to evaluate the bioavailability of calcium, iron and fluoride. Bioavailability of calcium from MDS and its processed products was determined by feeding growing male rats with 5.01 to 5.53 g Ca/kg from MDS. HDS diets with 0.18 to 7.13 g Ca/kg added from calcium carbonate were also fed to rats for a relative comparison. The bioavailability of …

Utah High School Sophomore Attitudes Toward Women's Roles And Non-Traditional Vocational Career Choices, Ellen S. Walch

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Role behaviors for men and women in our society are undergoing change. Research data to reveal student attitudes toward these role behaviors and choices were needed for the development of strategies to eliminate sex bias and sex stereotyping in our educational programs and ultimately in the socialization process.

The purpose of the study was to collect research data to determine Utah high school student attitudes toward women's roles and non-traditional vocational career choices. The survey instrument used to collect the data was constructed, pilot tested, factor analyzed, and revised prior to its administration to the sample. The revised instrument contained …

Act Score Declines: Looking For The Source, Thomas Edward Atkin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During the last 15 years there has been a well documented decline in achievement test scores. Declines have been documented on both the American College Testing Program (ACT) and the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). An increased interest in t he score declines and their possible explanations has also taken place in the last 10 years. The explanation for the declines fit under four main headings: (1) problems with the tests, (2) changes in the testing population, (3) changes in society, and (4) changes in the schools. The purpose of this study was to begin with the test itself and check …

A Comparative Study Between Department Of Education Assigned-Marks And Accredited High Schools' Assigned-Marks In Alberta, Douglas Harold Christensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine if there had been a significant change in the academic achievement, as measured by Grade XII grade-point averages, of Alberta's matriculation graduates since the accreditation of Alberta high schools in 1973.

The experimental population consisted of 100, 1971-72 and of 100, 1976-77 matriculation graduates who had graduated from schools in the rural school jurisdictions in Education zone 6; and of 100, 1971-72, and of 100, 1976-77 matriculation graduates who had graduated from schools in the Medicine Hat urban school jurisdiction. All of the students in the experimental population had completed their freshman …

Estimation Of The Pantothenic Acid Content Of Foods Using A Microbiological Assay And A Radioimmunoassay, Joan Howe Walsh

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Seventy-five processed and prepared foods commonly consumed in the United States were analyzed for pantothenic acid. The foods were analyzed using the traditional microbiological assay for the vitamin and using a new radioimmunoassay (RIA).

The preparation of food sample extracts for both assays was modified. After the food samples underwent enzyme hydrolysis, the food-enzyme mixture was dialyzed to obtain a clear extract for use in the assays. Previously, the food-enzyme mixture was poured through filter paper for clarification.

A very high correlation (r²= .937) between the results from the RIA and the microbiological assay was found. There was …

The Incidence Of Lactose Malabsorption Among Cache Valley Young Adults, Eileen Donna Cowles

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty-four young adults, ages 18 to 30, from Cache Valley were studied to determine the incidence of lactose malabsorption. Lactose malabsorption was determined by a two-hour oral lactose tolerance test. The criteria for a malabsorber was a flat glucose curve in which there was a rise in serum glucose less than 20 mg. per 100 ml. above the fasting level. Four of the subjects were found to be lactose malabsorbers. The incidence of lactose malabsorption was determined to be 16.67 per cent. A 95 per cent confidence interval for this study indicated that the actual percentage could be expected to …

Production Of Quick-Cooking Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.): Investigations On Antinutrients And Quality, Vishalakshi G. Iyer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three bean varieties, namely, great northern, kidney, and pinto (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), were subjected to several physico-chemical treatments to reduce their cooking time. Soaking in a combination of salt solutions (sodium chloride, 2.5 percent+ sodium bicarbonate, 1.5 percent+ sodium tripolyphosphate, 1.0 percent + sodium carbonate, 0.5 percent) resulted in 80-85 percent reduction in cooking time. Irradiation (Γ-rays) at 500 Krads of soaked and dehydrated beans caused nearly 50 percent reduction in cooking time. High temperatures (37 and 45°C) and pH (9.0) caused greater water imbibation and total solids loss than room temperature (22°C) and pH 7.0. Organoleptic evaluation of beans …

Investigations On Improvement Of Acceptability And Evaluation Of The Nutritive Value Of Processed Cabbage And Its Effects On The Tumorigenicity In Mice, Chareonsri Srisangnam

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objectives of this investigation have been to study the acceptability and nutritive value of processed cabbage and to elucidate the effects of chronic administration of cabbage on the activity of a colon tumorigen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). The organoleptic unacceptability of cabbage in spite of its high nutritional and economic values governed the choice of this cruciferous vegetable for this work.

Cabbage samples were blanched with steam, chemical solutions, and microwaves. Microwave blanching led to a "burnt spot" effect and to a relatively greater loss in weight of the vegetable. Blanching in solution involved boiling of cabbage with a chemical solution …

Growth Of Phytophthora Infestans Race 1.2.4 And Synthesis Of Steroid Glycoalkaloids By The Fungus In Synthetic Media, Melanie R. Maas

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A chemically defined synthetic medium was developed in which Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary race 1.2.4 grew extensively. This medium consisted of: 90.0 grams maltose, 20.0 grams DL-alanine, 20.0 grams L-proline, 1.0 gram KNO₃, 0.5 gram KH₂PO₄, 0.25 gram MgSO_4. 7H₂O, 1.0 milligram thiamin per liter of distilled water. The average level of growth in this medium was 0.5864 gram dry weight mycelium per 50 milliliters medium.

The glycoalkaloids, solanidine and solanine, were synthesized by Phytophthora infestans in the above medium with 62.5 percent of the samples positive and an overall …

Relationship Of Environmental Chromium And Zinc Levels To Tissue Chromium And Zinc Levels From Individuals With Maturity Onset Diabetes Mellitus In Selected Watershed Areas Of Utah, Carol H. Williams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to determine whether a functional relationship exists between human tissue and environmental levels of chromium and/or zinc and in individuals with maturity onset diabetes.

Three counties of Utah were selected as sites:

1. Wayne County, where a State Health Department screening had shown a 12.7 percent incidence of diabetes, and, where there is very little industry, and an assumed low level of environmental chromium and zinc

2. Utah County, where the diabetic screening had shown an 0.75 percent incidence of diabetes and where there is nearby large industry and an assumed higher level of zinc and …

An Experimental Analysis Of The Alarm Calls Of Captive Uinta Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Armatus), Marion Barch Cherry

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study investigated alarm calls given by Uinta ground squirrels (Spermophilus armatus) in the presence of a ground predator. I observed predator responses of 18 groups of three to four squirrels each for an average of three trials apiece. My objectives were: (1) to describe prey-predator interactions resulting in alarm calls, and (2) to test the following hypotheses:

1. Each Uinta ground squirrel (by sex and age) has an equal probability of giving an alarm call at any time of the season.

2. All Uinta ground squirrels are equally likely to call regardless of their distance to a …

The University, Electrical Engineering And Space Travel, Doran Baker

Faculty Honor Lectures

In this paper, my purpose is three-fold: First, to tell some of the story of the development of the Engineering College at Utah State University; second, to present selected concepts and applications in the evolution of electrical engineering; third, to relate these concepts and developments to our space venture and to the twenty-first century_ My perspective is that of a school teacher, engineer, scientist and historian; superimposed upon this is my imbedment in the system as an administrator of teachers and researchers. I intend to strike a balance between generality and depth, between technology and philosophy, and between perception and …

Utah Science Vol. 40 No. 1, March 1979

Utah Science

1 EFFECTS OF INFLATION AND RECESSION ON THE FARMER-AN EDITORIAL Paul R. Grimshaw Inflation and recession can have drastic effects upon the economic situation of farmers. The Associate Dean of the College of Agriculture talks about what those effects might be and how farmers can best prepare for recession or continuing inflation .

2 WEED CONTROL IN WOODY ORNAMENTALS William A. Varga Weed control consists of more than simply applying an herbicide or mechanical or manual weeding. The type of weed. as well as the extent of weed invasion , must be considered . This article serves as a guide …

Gas Exchange, Carbon Balance And Productivity Of Great Basin Shrub-Dominated Communities, M. M. Caldwell, L. B. Camp, R. S. Holthausen, H. Neuber

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Pine Valley Validation Site Report, C. D. Jorgensen

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Final Progress Reports, U.S. International Biological Program

Progress reports

No abstract provided.

Distribution Of Phytoplankton In Utah Lakes, L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, V. W. Lambou, F. A. Morris, M. K. Morris, W. D. Taylor

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Grazing On Desert Vegetation, B. E. Norton, D. J. Bermant

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Seed Consumers In A Desert Ecosystem: An Integrated Approach, W. G. Whitford

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Biological Processes In Western Deserts, J. Skujins

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Plant Growth And Water Transfer Processes Under Desert Conditions, L. Gay, T. Sammis, D. D. Evans

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Cryptobiosis And Its Effect On Metabolism And Production Estimates Of Desert Nematodes, D. W. Freckman

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Nitrogen Transformation In Rock Valley And Adjacent Areas Of The Mohave Desert, R. B. Hunter, A. Wallace, E. M. Romney

Memorandum

No abstract provided.

Deep Creek Validation Study Report, G. W. Minshall, C. Y. Manuel, R. W. Dunn, R. K. Pace, M. R. Mcsorley, D. A. Andrews

Memorandum

No abstract provided.