Digital Commons Network^™

Efficacy Of Denning In Alleviating Coyote Depredations Upon Domestic Sheep, James A. Till

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Bands of domestic sheep lambing on the open range in south central Wyoming were monitored for predator losses prior to and following coyote (Canis latrans) removals. Experimental treatments, including 1) no removal (control), 2) removal of 2 adults and their pups, and 3) removal of pups only, were replicated 15 times each. Number of predation incidents (events) was reduced 98.2% by removing adults and pups. The number of sheep killed was reduced by 98.8%. Removing only litters of pups resulted in a decrease of 87.7% total kills decreased 91.6%. in predation incidents, while Overall, 23 of 30 predation …

Pharmacokinetic Assessment Of The Influence Of Dietary Fiber On The Absorption And Disposition Of Selected Model Xenobiotics As It Relates To Colon Cancer, Joseph Donald Debethizy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Selected drugs are being utilized as models of putative colon carcinogens in a study of the influence of major types of dietary fiber upon drug pharmacokinetics. Adult, male Wistar rats were pretreated with standardized, isocaloric hydrated gelatin diets containing no fiber or 15% (w/w) cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose (metamucil), or pectin for 30 days. An additional group was fed lab chow ad libitum as a reference control.

The pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen, FD & C Red No. 2 and mirex were examined following oral administration in three separate experiments. Among fiber types, pectin and hemicellulose (Metamucil) caused higher peak plasma concentrations of …

Evaluation Of Heme And Free Iron Binding Agents As Substitutes For Sodium Nitrite In Cured Meat, Farzaneh Vahabzadeh

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) gases, alone or with oxalate, phytate, or ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) were tested for antibotulinal activity as substitutes for sodium nitrite in ground pork inoculated with spores of Clostridium botulinum, then abused by storage at 277°C. Nitric oxide with 250 ppm oxalate or phytate was most inhibitory, while NO alone was as effective as 156 ppm sodium nitrite for inhibition of gas and botulinal toxin production in the meat system. All swollen samples contained very low levels of residual nitrite, but nitroso heme and soluble iron content did not change compared with unswollen samples …

Improved Fermentation Process For Producing Methane From Cheese Whey, Abdulraman Y. Awad

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two methods of single-stage fermentation were used to produce methane from whey. The first method involved batch fermentation in which the pH was automatically controlled at 7.0. In addition to pH control, the second method was characterized by introducing the substrate continuously into the fermenter along with dilution water to keep the organic acids at a non-toxic level.

The first method did not improve the production of methane compared to the batch fermentation in which a pH control system was not used (41). However, the second method showed that the concentration of organic acids has a major effect on limiting …

Assay, Purification, And Characterization Of A Pantetheine Hydrolyzing Enzyme From Pig Kidney, Carl Thomas Wittwer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A microsomal glycoprotein hydrolyzing pantetheine to pantothenate and cysteamine has been solubilized and purified to homogeneity as determined by sodium dodecylsulfate electrophoresis. Four rapid, independent assays of pantetheine hydrolysis are described and compared along with a method for localizing enzymatic activity on polyacrylamide gels. The enzyme is solubilized on exposure to butanol and purified by heat treatment, (NH4)₂SO₄ fractionation, hydrophobic chromatography, and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The glycoprotein, purified 5600-fold in 22% yield, has a specific activity of 14 μmoles pantothenate produced/min/mg of protein, 35 times that previously reported. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 9.0-9.5 and a …

Genesis Of A Vertisol And An Associated Palexeroll In Northern Utah, Robert C. Graham

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The genetic relationship between a Vertisol and an associated Mollisol with an argillic horizon was studied. These soils are taxadjuncts of the Hawkins and Ostler series, respectively. They occur in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah and have similar parent materials, altitudes, and slope percentages. Ostler soils have a dense cover of Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) and occur preferentially on north aspects. Mule's ear (Wyethia amplexicaulis) is the dominant vegetation on Hawkins soils, which are most frequent on south aspects. Erosion is prevalent on Hawkins soils because the mule's ear does not adequately cover the soil …

Seed Case Studies On Atriplex Gardneri (Moq) Dietr.: Bracteole Cell Wall Composition And Enzymatic Degradation, Priscilla Woolley Burton

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Clarification of the bracteole restraint on germination and the development of an improved seed pre-treatment were the objectives of this study. Bracteole cell walls were isolated and hydrolyzed with 72% sulfuric acid followed by dilution and further hydrolysis. Individual monosaccharide yields were monitored with gas chromaixtography and colorimetry. Lignin was determined as the acid insoluble residue . Cell wall composition on a dry weight basis was 17.0% lignin, 32 . 75% glucose, 28.77% xylose, 7.21% arabinose, 1.11% galactose and 0.35% mannose. Linear xylans and glucans represent a large portion of the cell wall . The quantity of lignified tissue is …

Muskrat Population Levels And Vegetation Utilization: A Basis For An Index, Thomas R. Mccabe

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) are associated with marshlands throughout North America. Their impact on marsh vegetation is well documented. In recent years, research pertaining to marsh ecosystems has emphasized the role of interspersion of marsh vegetation to higher faunal diversity and productivity. Muskrats can provide a natural control of aquatic emergents if managed properly. Experimentation at Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge, Utah, has attempted to ascertain whether vegetation-utilization index could be used for determining muskrat population levels and to evaluate the impact of muskrats on their primary food resource, Olney's bulrush (Scirpus americanus).

Three known populations of …

A Study Of Drought Effects On Livestock Feeds And Products In The Western United States, Robert E. Blakeslee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Through the use of a regionalized Linear Programming model, a profit maximized optimal solution was obtained for livestock feed and product production for a selected base year (1979). Production data, seasonality, transfer activities, and herd liquidation are developed for ten feeds and seven livestock products and incorporated within the model. Two drought induced simulations were imposed affecting feed production and feed prices, procuring new optimal results. Drought is simulated by the use of crop-weather indexes and range response equations.

Results are discussed and presented in tables for the base year and drought simulations. Results include profits, costs, feed and livestock …

Estimating Esterase And Monooxygenase Detoxication By Bioassay, Electrophoresis And Metabolic Studies In Pea Aphid, Acrythosiphon Pisum (Harris) Populations (Homoptera: Aphididae), Deifalla H. Al-Rajhi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The role of esterases and monooxygenase in the detoxication vii processes of field populations of pea aphids was studied in relation to seasonal changes, developmental stage, and treatment with DEF and piperonyl butoxide. LCSO values for 12 hour exposure periods in glass vials ra nged from 0.04-2.3 micrograms / vial and 820-4871 J.Jg/vial for paraoxon and carbaryl, respectively. Topical bioassays showed the adults to be more tolerant to paraoxon (LDSO of 1. 4-12.3 ng/aphid) toxicity than nymphs (LDSO of 0.13-4. 7 ng/aphid).

Treatment with DEF® (S,S.S-tributylphosphorotrithioate) enhanced paraoxon toxicity against the pea aphid whereas piperonyl butoxide had little …

Utah Science Vol. 43 No. 1, Spring 1982

Utah Science

1 GRAZING FEES FOR PUBLIC LANDS: WHAT'S FAIR? D. B. Nielsen Formulas and fees help set the price of beef. They also are factors in rancher survival rates. Learn how the process works in this article.

7 BUR BUTTERCUP: A WEEDY IMMIGRANT M. E. Barkworth Whys and hows of plant transfers between regions and countries are solved by special detective work. A USU scientist wants to help in keeping track of Bur Buttercup migrations.

10 BUR BUTTERCUP: IT WILL GET YOUR SHEEP IF YOU DON'T WATCH OUT J. D. Olsen, T. E. Anderson, and G. Madsen Although not a true …

Analytical Scanning Electron Microscopy For Surface Science, Olive Lee-Deacon, Claude Le Gressus, Daniel Massignon

Scanning Electron Microscopy

To correlate an electron image with surface properties requires thorough understanding of electron-solid interaction, secondary electron emission mechanism and operation functions of image detectors. We emphasize the importance and usefulness of combining electron spectroscopy with scanning electron microscope in interpreting electron image contrast. Linear relationships among secondary electron image (SEI) brightness, total emission current and the integration of electron energy distribution were measured. We propose that channeling effect, instead of primary electron diffraction, is the crystallographic cause of SEI contrast. Secondary electrons contribute most to SEI brightness because of their high constituent in total yield, not because of high efficiency …

Land Use Inventory Of Salt Lake County, Utah From Color Infrared Aerial Photography 1982, Kevin P. Price, Reynold D. Willie, Douglas J. Wheeler, Merrill K. Ridd

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Salt lake County, Utah's major population center, continues to experience rapid urban growth. The Impacts of urbanization on land use patterns and natural resources in the county are of particular Interest to both state and local policy makers and planners. The effect of urban development on a dwindling agricultural land base and water resources must be assessed to allow a rational basis for future water allocation and land use planning .

Protein Bodies In Dormant, Imbibed And Germinated Sunflower Cotyledons, R. D. Allen, H. J. Arnott

Food Structure

Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology and structure of protein bodies in dormant and imbibed sunflower cotyledons and to document the morphological changes in protein bodies during germination and seedling growth. In order to clearly visualize dormant seed structure, anhydrous fixation techniques were employed. Definite differences in cellular structure are seen in comparisons of dry and imbibed seed tissues. As germination proceeds, protein bodies lose their smooth spherical shape and become indented and pitted. Protein body coalescence and fusion precedes the formation of a central protein vacuole. As protein is hydrolyzed, protein vacuole density decreases, and its …

Grain Structure And End-Use Properties, Y. Pomeranz

Food Structure

Practical implications of grain structure relate to every step from grain development and production through market ing to processing, utilization, and consumption . The structure and adherence of the hulls may contribute to protection of grain during germination or malting and protection against insect infestations . Germ retention during threshing and separation during processing depend on the germ structure and location in the kernel. The subaleurone and central endosperm layers differ in cell size, shape, and structure and in composition, especially with regard to protein contents and quality. The main factors in grain hardness are the intrinsic hardness of the …

A Transport Equation Theory Of Electron Scattering, D. J. Fathers, P. Rez

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The use of the Boltzmann transport equation to describe electron scattering in electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis is discussed. A method of solution is given in which the transport equation is divided into angle and energy intervals. This gives rise to a number of coupled first order differential equations. Separation into forward and backward travelling components of the electron flux distribution enables the correct boundary conditions to be imposed. Solutions are derived which take the form of matrix operators analytic in both depth and target thickness. These matrices allow derivation of other physical quantities such as X-ray or Auger …

Electron Microscopy Of Milk And Milk Products: Problems And Possibilities, D. G. Schmidt

Food Structure

Milk and dairy products have frequently been studied by transmission- and scanning electron microscopy. The specimen preparation procedure may considerably influence the final result, and formation of artefacts is frequently observed. In this respect, formation of ice crystals during cryofixation is a well-known phenomenon. But dehydration, to an extent such as is required for embedding procedures, also appears to be harmful to dairy products. Micrographs of thin sections of plastic- embedded samples of casein submicelles show threadlike material, whereas in freeze-etched specimens only spherical particles are found. Similar observations are made when samples of cheese and of concentrated milk are …

Fluorescence Microscopy Of Cereals, R. G. Fulcher

Food Structure

The fluorescence microscope is one of the most sensitive instruments available for morphological and microchemical analysis of biological material, and especially of cereal grains. Recent innovations in illuminating systems, fluorescence chemistry, and specimen preparation have combined to provide significant improvements over conventional bright-field microscopy in both specificity and sensitivity. A variety of relatively specific fluorescent markers has been devised for routine and high resolution detection of all major cereal components. Several examples of useful fluorescent markers are described, including appropriate methods for specimen preparation, fluorescence analysis, and photography.

Monte Carlo Calculations On The Spatial And Angular Distributions Of High Energy Electron Beams In Amorphous And Polycrystalline Films, J. L. Balladore, J. P. Martinez, J. Trinquier, B. Jouffrey

Scanning Electron Microscopy

We study the plural scattering of electrons in amorphous and polycrystalline films. The incident electron energy ranges from 0.1 to 3 MeV. The cross sections are obtained by measuring the transmission coefficient for targets of gold, silver, aluminium and carbon. The partial elastic cross section is calculated from Lenz's theory using a Wentzel-Yukawa model for the atomic potential of the scattering atom. In the case of inelastic interactions, we take into account either scattering by a free atom (Morse's approximation) or scattering by plasmon creation (relativistic theory of Ashley Ritchie). From these results, we solve the problem of electron transport …

The Role Of The Background In Auger Electron Spectroscopy, H. E. Bishop

Scanning Electron Microscopy

In Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) the characteristic Auger peaks are superimposed on a relatively high continuum of back-scattered electrons. In the commonly used differential mode of recording Auger spectra, the influence of the background appears through its contribution to the noise and the enhancement of the Auger signal that makes a backscattering correction necessary in quantitative AES. With the increased use of low incident beam currents to achieve high spatial resolution, the direct spectrum is increasingly used, so that a better understanding of the background is desirable. In this paper the variations of the background with atomic number, incident beam …

Monte Carlo Simulation Of Electron Scattering In Resist Film/Substrate Targets, Kenji Murata

Scanning Electron Microscopy

First the fundamentals of resist modelling required to implement an analysis of developed resist patterns were studied, which represents the relationship between the energy deposited by incident electrons and the solubility characteristics of a positive or negative resist. Next, two models of single elastic scattering and fast secondary (knock-on) electron production were studied for Monte Carlo simulation of electron scattering in resist film/substrate targets, and the statistical errors of Monte Carlo results were evaluated. Finally, problems in electron beam lithography were investigated with the simulation. The exposure intensity distribution was studied with the two models. A comparison between Monte Carlo …

Food Microstructure: An Integrative Approach, E. A. Davis, J. Gordon

Food Structure

The integration of information at all levels of organization in a food system - atomic and molecular through macroscopic properties is illustrated with cake batters as an example of a formulated food and bovine muscle as an example of a biologically intact, non-formulated food. Direct examples are given using macroscopic data collected in heat and water transport studies followed by integration of microscopical data for interpretive purposes.

The contribution of starch gelatinization to the characteristics of water loss in batter is related to events such as loss of brief ringence as seen by polarizing microscopy , differential heat input as …

Aspects Of Sample Preparation For Freeze-Fracture/Freeze-Etch Studies Of Proteins And Lipids In Food Systems. A Review, Wolfgang Buchheim

Food Structure

To select optimum specimen preparation methods and to correctly interpret freeze-fracture/freezeetch micrographs of food systems a detailed knowledge of the individual steps of preparation -- i.e. chemical fixation of samples, their cryoprotective pretreatment, cryofixation, freeze-fracturing and -etching, and replication -- and of their influence on the appearance of different constituents, especially proteins and lipids, is necessary. Food systems show great variation in composition, structure and especially in their content of water -- e.g. molecular and colloidal solutions, oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, gels suspensions, semi-solid systems such as cheese, dried systems such as milk powders -- thus requiring a careful variation …

General Catalog 1982-1984, Utah State University

University Catalogs

General Catalog of 1982-1984

Contains course descriptions, University college calendar, and college administration.

Control Of Iron Chlorosis, Terry A. Tindall

Archived Gardening Publications

Publication discusses the causes of iron deficiency in plants and how to best control it.

Ground-Water Reconnaissance Of The Central Weber River Area, Morgan And Summit Counties, Utah, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

A reconnaissance of ground water in the central Weber River area obtained data to help State administrators devise a policy for acting on applications to appropriate ground water resulting from recent and future influxes of residents.

Paradox Basin Site Characterization Report Preparation Papers Gibson Dome Location, United States Department Of Energy

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, not any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the …

Modeling Of Depth Distribution Of X-Ray Production, J. D. Brown

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Knowledge of X-ray production as a function of depth by electrons (𝜙(𝜚z) curves) is important in quantitative electron probe microanalysis and other electron beam technologies. Extensive measurements of such curves have been made for electron energies between 6 and 30 keV and for many X-ray lines and matrix elements. Two experimental techniques based on measurements on sandwich or wedge shaped specimens have been used.

A number of expressions have been used to model 𝜙(𝜚z) curves from a square function through complicated polynomial expressions. Recently, a Gaussian model has been proposed which accurately reflects the shape of the 𝜙(𝜚z) curves and …

Some Applications Of The Electron Backscattering Diffusion Model, W. Czarczyński, Z. Radzimski

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Starting from a simple diffusion theory extended to oblique angles of incidence some empirical correction coefficients for electron backscattering have been found. These empirical coefficients have been used in calculations of backscattered electron surface density distribution, and good agreement with experimental data has been obtained.

Backscattering Of Electrons From Complex Structures, M. Kisza, Z. Maternia, Zbigniew Radzimski

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The backscattering of electrons from complex targets (for example, metal layer on a semi-infinite substrate with a polymer resist film above) has been studied both theoretically and experimentally. The experimental structures were exposed with an electron beam in a "spot mode". The experimental observations of developed disc radius vs. exposure time and metal layer thickness support the simple theory of scattering in such structures. The theory assumes that the backscattering causes enlarging of the exposed area by a constant value. This value is derived from the proposed scattering model based on the Archard's and Kanaya and Okayama's diffusion theories. The …