Digital Commons Network^™

The Size Distribution And Shape Of Curd Granules In Traditional Swiss Hard And Semi-Hard Cheeses, M. Ruegg, U. Moor

Food Structure

Curd granule junction patterns in hard (Emmentaler, Gruyere, Sbrinz) and semi-hard cheeses (Appenzeller , Tilsiter, Raclette) were visualized on slices and examined using light microscopy and digital image analysis. Horizontal and vertical sections were cut in different zones of the loaves, in order to obtain information on the orientation of the flattened curd granules.

The frequency histograms of the cross section areas could in most cases adequately be described as a log-normal distribution. The median values ranged from 0.97 to 1.15 mm2 and, from 1.31 to 1.68 mm2 for hard and semi-hard cheeses, respectively.

An elliptical form factor was used …

Western Spruce Budworm, M. H. Brooks, J. J. Colbert, R. G. Mitchell, R. W. Stark

The Bark Beetles, Fuels, and Fire Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Project Reports 1987-1991, Various Authors

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Ionizing Irradiation And Storage On Mushroom Ultrastructure Ii. The Stipe And The Upper Part Of The Cap Of Agaricus Bisporus (Lge. Imbach), A. Keresztes, E. Kovacs

Food Structure

After having investigated t he ultra structural effects of ionizing irradiation used for shelf -life extension , on the gills of Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus previously , it was of interest to examine how other parts of the fruit body were affected by t he same treatment . Samples were taken from the lower and upper parts of the stipe and from the upper part of t he cap of the control , stored , and irradiate d (2.5 kGy ) t he n stored A. bisporus fruit bodies. Transmission electron microscopy sh owed that irradiated samples generally retained …

Effect Of Clotting In Stomachs Of Infants On Protein Digestibility Of Milk, S. Nakai, E. Li-Chan

Food Structure

Differences in clotting between human and cow's milk in the stomachs of infants are discussed. Gastric pH, after ingesting milk, of an infant up to 6 months of age stays at a pH range of 4-5, near the isoelectric point of casein, and never reaches the value of 2, which is found in adults. Pepsin C (or gastricsin) can hydrolyze proteins at this pH range. Gastric emptying time is shorter with human milk than with cow's milk which appears to be correlated to the smaller size of human milk clots. Elimination of a readily coagulable fraction of casein from cow's …

Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, U.S. House Committee On Insular Affairs

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

No abstract provided.

Internal Porosity Of Corn Extrudate Air Cell Wall, Samuel H. Cohen, Charles A. Voyle

Food Structure

Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe structures within the air cell wall of a corn-based extrudate. Modified fixation and embedding techniques were employed to obtain optimum thin sections. Photomicrographs from these sections showed minute air cells measuring approximately 5 um or less. The size of air cells might impose a limiting factor on the infusion of particulate materials throughout the extrudate matrix.

Pesticide Use And Toxicology In Relation To Wildlife: Organophosphorus And Carbamate , Compounds, Gregory J. Smith, U.S. Department Of The Interior, Fish And Wildlife Service

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The use of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides has increased markedly during the past two decades. Currently, more than 100 different organophosphorus and carbamate chemicals are registered as the active ingredients in thousands of different pesticide products in the United States. More than 160 million acre-treatments of these pesticides are estimated to be applied to agricultural crops and forests each year. Clearly, these two groups of chemicals constitute a major portion of all pesticides used today. Organophosphorus and carbamate compounds have histories dating back long before their use as pesticides. Carbamates were developed during investigation of "ordeal" poisons used in Africa …

Container-Grown Ponderosa Pine Seedlings Outperform Bareroot Seedlings On Harsh Sites In Southern Utah, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

Reforestation of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) on the lower elevations of the Dixie National Forest in southern Utah has traditionally been challenging. Replanting has often been necessary, costly, and not always successful. Although this problem is not unique, the low levels of available soil moisture during the spring planting season are probably as critical in the Dixie as anywhere in the Intermountain Region. Until this study was initiated, only bareroot seedlings had been planted.

Ranking Thinning Potential Of Lodgepole Pine Stands, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Forestry

This paper presents models for predicting edge-response of dominant and codominant trees to clearing. Procedures are given for converting predictions to a thinning response index, for ranking stands for thinning priority. Data requirements, sampling suggestions, examples of application, and suggestions for management use are included to facilitate use as a field guide.

A Prototype For Quality: Bryce Canyon National Park Interpretive Prospectus, 1987, United States Department Of The Interior, National Park Service

Parks and Reserves

To ensure maximum coordination of message delivery, personal service efforts should be orchestrated as a result of annual (winter season) planning sessions involving TW Services, Bryce/Zion Trail Rides, and park personnel. Such planning should coordinate general summer season schedules, brainstorm new program ideas and service proposals, and establish procedures for monitoring and evaluation. This is also an opportunity to identify high priority messages regarding resources, events, new services, and park management pertinent in the coming season; in this manner, emphases for seasonal training are established.

Final Environmental Impact Statement: Proposed Resource Management Plan For The Washakie Resource Area, Wyoming, U.S. Bureau Of Land Management

Final Environmental Impact Statements (WY)

The focus of this Final EIS is on the Proposed Plan. This document presents a complet comprehensive Proposed Plan for the Washakie Resource Area in Chapter 2. Because portions of the Draft RMPEIS have not bee reprinted, this document should be used together with the Draft RMP/EIS for a full description of all alternatives considered and their potential environmental impacts.

Aerial Photography Comparison Of 1983 High Flow Impact To Vegetation At Eight Colorado River Beaches, Nancy J. Brian

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy In Food Research: Some Observations, I. Heertje, P. Van Der Vlist, J. C. G. Blonk, H. A. C. M. Hendrickx, G. J. Brakenhoff

Food Structure

Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM) has advantages over conventional light microscopy and electron microscopy. In particular the possibility to perform optical sectioning, allowing the disturbance free observation of the three-dimensional internal structure, offers new possibilities in microstructural studies of food systems. The technique is further considered to be very valuable in the study of dynamic processes and transport phenomena. Preliminary results are discussed of an investigation into the microstructure of fat spreads, mayonnaise, cheese and rising dough using this CSLM technique.

The Morphology Of Black Tea Cream, R. D. Bee, M. J. Izzard, R. S. Harbron, J. M. Stubbs

Food Structure

The colloidal precipitate known as tea cream, which separates when a hot aqueous infusion of black tea is cooled, is investigated by electron microscopic (EM) techniques of shadowing, sectioning, freeze-etching and scanning and also by optical microscopy. These indicate tea cream to be an association colloid, the morphology of which depends on overall solids concentration. Dilute infusions (0.1% w/w) produce macromolecular aggregates of about 50 run, but at higher tea solids concentrations secondary aggregation of the initial particles results in ill-defined clusters of approximately 1 um in diameter. At 5% w/w, clear , spherical liquid droplets, typically 1-2 um in …

The Microstructure And Rehydration Properties Of The Phoenix Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Sajor Caju) Dried By Three Alternative Processes, Brigitte Li-Shing-Tat, Pavel Jelen

Food Structure

The aim of this investigation was to observe the effects of three drying methods on the microstructure and rehydration properties of the Phoenix Oyster mushroom. Mushrooms were dried at 55C by air-, freeze- and vacuum-drying pilot plant processes. At the microstructural level, the hyphae of the air-dried samples were more flattened and collapsed than the vacuum - and freeze dried samples. The Basidia were distorted by all three treatments to a certain extent, but there seemed to be less damage on the gill surface of the vacuum-dried samples. Appearance, rehydration time and capacity were similar for freeze- and vacuum-dried mushrooms; …

Microbial Cell Division And Separation: Effect Of Citrate On The Growth Of Group N Streptococci, S. Ito, T. Kobayashi, K. Ozaki, T. Morichi, M. Saitoh

Food Structure

In the presence of citrate, some strains of lactic streptococci grow as long chains of innumerable cells. The results with citrate-negative and citrate-resistant variants suggest that citrate is involved in the cell separation system of the streptococci. Observations of the long chains under scanning and transmission electron microscopes suggest that citrate inhibits a certain step near the final cell separation, or that citrate can stimulate initiation of cell division at multiple sites, thereby leading to the cells in long chains.

Colorado River Salinity Control Program Final Environmental Impact Statement For Big Sandy River Unit, Sublette And Sweetwater Counties, Wyoming, United States Department Of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service

Environmental Assessments (NV)

No abstract provided.

Physical And Molecular Properties Of Lipid Polymorphs - A Review, K. Sato

Food Structure

The physical and molecular properties of the polymorphism of stearic acid, oleic acid and SOS (1.3-distearoyl-2-oleoyl glycerol) are comparatively discussed. Temperature dependence of Gibbs energy (G-T relation) of three polymorphs of stearic acid; A, B and C, revealed close relationships to each other. The molecular structures subtly differed in these polymorphs. In contrast, three plymorphs of oleic acid, b , and y exhibited remarkably different characteristics. G-T relation showed more diversified features: in particular, the melting points of 9 and B differ by 3 C. An order-disorder transformation occured between 9 and y, as a result of conformational disordering the …

Utah Science Vol. 48 No. 4, Winter 1987

Utah Science

154 FARMING WITH MICROCOMPUTERS: ESTIMATED COSTS AND BENEFITS D. L. Snyder and J. Gibney Survey results indicate that farmers' use of and expenditures for computers varied with gross farm income. So did the benefits they attributed to computer use.

159 VINES FOR THE LANDSCAPE W. A. Varga A review of the attributes of selected vines.

164 POPULATION GROWTH AND NET MIGRATION IN UTAH W. F. Stinner and I. AI-Masarweh Both metropolitan and non metropolitan areas in Utah have recently experienced a net migration loss. Sociologists compare these trends to patterns in other regions of the country and during previous decades. …

Influence Of Rufuging Consumers (Pikas: Ochotona Princeps) On Subalpine Meadow Vegetation, Nancy J. Huntly

Biology Faculty Publications

Talus slopes in western North America frequently are bordered by vegetation that differs in biomass, cover, height, and species composition from vegetation located farther from talus. These areas are grazed by pikas (Ochotona princess, which nest in that talus. Foraging theory predicts that pikas will produce a gradient of grazing pressure, which could produce the observed vegetational zonation. In a subalpine meadow in west-central Colorado, pikas produced the predicted gradient of grazing pressure, along which plant groups varied clinally in abundance. The effects of pikas on talus-border vegetation were tested by excluding pikas from small plots at several distances from …

Importance Of Predation By Adult Trout On Mortality Rates Of Fingerling Rainbow Trout Stocked In East Canyon Reservoir, Utah, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Personnel from Utah State University, working in cooperation with the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources and the Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, are attempting to determine various sources of mortality of fingerling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) stocked into mid-elevation reservoirs in the State. Returns of planted fish are often much below desired levels. Angler surveys indicate that in East Canyon Reservoir, fishermen harvest only about 30% of the fingerling trout stocked, and this is a much higher return than in many other waters.

Characteristics Of Successful Competitors: An Evaluation Of Potential Growth Rate In Two Cold Desert Tussock Grasses, Eissenstat D. M., Caldwell M. M.

Aspen Bibliography

Within the first few weeks after seedling emergence, Agropyron desertorum, a more competitive tussock grass, had a much higher mean relative growth rate (RGR) than Agropyron spicatum, a very similar, but less competitive species. However, beyond the early seedling stage, the two grasses had a remarkably similar whole-plant RGR in hydroponic culture and aboveground RGR in glasshouse soil, if root temperatures were above approximately 12° C. At soil temperatures between 5 and 12° C, A. desertorum exhibited a 66% greater aboveground RGR than A. spicatum (P < 0.05). Both species responded similarly to warming soil temperatures. In the field, however, tiller growth rates were generally similar. Neither species showed marked tiller elongation until a couple of weeks after snowmelt, by which time soil temperatures, at least to a depth of 10 cm, were above 12° C for a significant portion of the day. Above-ground biomass accumulation over a three-year period indicated that both grasses had similar potential growth rates whereas Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana, a common neighbor planted in the same plots, had a much greater potential growth rate. The greater competitive ability of adult A. desertorum, as compared to A. spicatum, cannot be attributed to appreciable differences in potential growth rates.

Bear River Water Quality: Phosphorus Control And The Impacts Of Exchanging Water With Willard Reservoir, Darwin L. Sorensen, Craig Caupp, Kenneth W. Barker, Jean M. Ihnat

Reports

No abstract provided.

Engineering Treatment Of Hazardous Wastewaters Utilizing Dye-Sensitized Photooxidation, Betty-Ann Naeger, R. Ryan Dupont, William M. Moore

Reports

Studies were conducted to determine the applicability of photooxidation for the degradation of selected hazardous and refractory organic compounds. These photochemical oxidation reactions occur through the transfer of energy from electronically excited sensitizer molecules which attain excited states by absorbing visible light energy. Optimum conditions for photooxidation were established based on sensitizer concentration and reaction pH for four polynuclear aromatic pollutants. The rate of photooxidation was found to be independent of the initial substrate concentration for methylene blue-sensitized reactions, and dependent on substrate concentration for solutions without a sensitizing dye. Photolysis of substrate mixtures established acridine and anthracene as photochemically …

A Mathematical Model For The Fate Of Hazardous Substances In Soil: Model Description And Experimental Results, W. Greeney, C. Caupp, Ronald C. Sims

Biological Engineering Faculty Publications

A mathematical model (VIP) was developed and implemented for evaluating the fate of a hazardous substance in the unsaturated zone of the soil. The model simulates vadose zone processes including volatilization, degradation, adsorption/desorption, advection, and dispersion. Four physical phases in the vadose zone are considered including water, oil, soil grains, and soil-pore air (unsaturated pore space). The Vadose Zone Interactive Processes (VIP) model is appropriate for sites under RCRA and CERCLA (Superfund) categorization since site-specific soil-waste processes affecting transport of hazardous chemicals through the vadose zone are incorporated in the model. A RCRA land treatment system was chosen as the …

The Rate Of Benzo[A]Pyrene Apparent Loss In A Natural And Manure Amended Clay Loam Soil, M. P. Coover, Ronald C. Sims

Biological Engineering Faculty Publications

A study was conducted to evaluate the rate of Benzo[a]pyrene apparent loss from a previously uncontaminated agricultural clay loam soil and to determine the effect of cow manure, as organic substrate amendment, on B[a]P apparent loss. Soil microcosms were spiked with 10 μg/g B[a]P and incubated at 20°C. Triplicate sets of microcosms were periodically removed from incubation and solvent extracted. Concentrations of B[a]P in the soil were determined by HPLC analysis of the extracts. Under the conditions of this study manure was an ineffective amendment for increasing the rate of B[a]P apparent loss in the Durant clay loam soil. In …

Human Health Effects Assays, Ronald C. Sims, J. L. Sims, R. R. Dupont

Biological Engineering Faculty Publications

Health risk assessment of individual environmental chemicals, risks of drinking water supplies, methods for evaluating toxicity, and structure-activity relationships and response-surface methodology represent the focus for 1986. A report of the Steering Committee on Identification of Toxic and Potentially Toxic Chemicals for Consideration by the National Toxicology Pro gram found that, for the majority of substances they examined, data essential for human health hazard assessment were lacking.¹ Milestone publications concerning human health effects aspects include works by Mortelmans et al,² Busch et al,³ Hartman et al,⁴ Rein,⁵ Gentile,⁶ Hodgson,⁷ and Tagashira and Omura. …

The Effect Of Temperature On Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Persistence In An Unacclimated Agricultural Soil, M. P. Coover, Ronald C. Sims

Biological Engineering Faculty Publications

A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature on the persistence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) incubated in an unacclimated agricultural sandy loam soil. Soil microcosms were spiked with 16 priority pollutant PAHs and placed in incubation chambers at 10, 20, and 30°C. Triplicate sets of microcosms at each temperature were periodically removed from incubation over the 240 day study period and solvent extracted. Concentrations of PAHs in the soil were determined by HPLC analysis of the extracts. Substantial loss of three-ring compounds was observed at all temperatures whereas there was very little apparent loss of five …

Old-Field Succession On A Minnesota Sand Plain, R S. Inouye, Nancy J. Huntly, D Tilman, J R. Tester, M Stillwell, K C. Zinnel

Biology Faculty Publications

Vegetation and soils were sampled in 22 old fields ranging in age from 1 to 56 yr since abandonment. Soil nitrogen concentration increased significantly with field age. Vegetation cover, total aboveground plant biomass, and litter cover increased significantly with soil nitrogen. Light penetration to the soil surface was negatively correlated with total plant biomass. Field age and soil nitrogen concentration were used as independent variables in simple regression and partial correlation analyses to determine the relative importance of such time—dependent processes as dispersals vs. the availability of a limiting resource (nitrogen) as predictors of patterns in species richness or the …