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Coyotes In The Eastern Us: Status And Implications --Damage Problems And Economic Losses From Coyotes In The Northeastern U.S.--, Dennis Slate

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Losses of livestock to coyotes (Canis latrans) have historically been a matter of concern to ranchers and Animal Damage Control personnel in the western US. With range expansion of the coyote into the eastern US, coyote depredations on domestic stock and fowl appears to be emerging as an issue that will deserve to be more fully addressed by researchers, policy makers and management personnel in this region of the US. This portion of the panel presentation will review and discuss damage problems and losses from coyotes in the northern states of the Eastern Animal Damage Control (ADC) Region.

Preliminary Testing Of A Selenium-Based Systemic Deer Browse Repellent, T. R. Angradi, W. M. Tzilkowski

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Silviculturists use a variety of techniques, including repellents, to reduce browse damage by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to valuable eastern hardwood seedlings. Systemic selenium, sodium selenite, was evaluated with captive white-tailed deer for its repellency in white ash (Fraxinus americana) and black cherry (Prunus serotina) seedlings. Selenium had no effect in reducing browsing of black cherry. However, there was a reduction (p < 0.05) in the white ash browsing level.

Effects Of Differential Pine Vole Populations On Growth And Yield Of "Mcintosh" Apple Trees, M. E. Richmond, C. G. Forshey, L. A. Mahaffy, P. N. Miller

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Pine voles (Microtus pinetorum LeConte) were maintained as known populations (0, 269, 538 and 1075/ha) in wire mesh-enclosed blocks of 'McIntosh'/M26 apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) for 2 years. There was little measurable effect of the voles on growth and production the 1st year, but during the 2nd year the highest population was associated with the death of one tree; severe reductions in growth, yield, and fruit size; a 78% reduction in crown bark weight, 56% loss of fibrous roots, and a dramatic reduction in the value of the crop. Although the low and the medium populations showed …

Nonpredatory Mammal Damage Research Needs, John L. Seubert

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Nonpredatory mammal damage probably exceeds one-half billion dollars each year in the U.S., in spite of many techniques and programs for controlling such losses. Improved and new control methods are obviously needed. The task of ADC researchers has become increasingly demanding and complex, however. They must not only obtain information to satisfy recurring Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) data call-ins required to maintain and improve existing State and Federal rodenticide registrations, but must develop and register new damage control techniques and strategies. New methods must be highly efficacious, safe, cost effective, and present the lowest possible hazard to nontarget species and …

Avoiding Controversies That Impede Wildlife Damage Control, B. W. O'Gara

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Controversies regarding wildlife damage control often result from incorrect perceptions by the general public or conservation groups. Such controversies can usually be settled to most people's satisfaction by indisputable data. In the past, however, data were often lacking. The ban, by Executive order in 1972, of chemical toxicants for predator control on federal lands and by federal agencies is a good case in point. Indisputable data were not available concerning the level of predation. The only data were derived from questionnaires filled out by livestock producers; Government officials and the public simply would not accept such data as unbiased.

Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control: Research Needs As Perceived By State Directors In The Eastern Adc Region, Dennis Slate

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

This presentation provides a brief overview of wildlife damage-related research needs as they are perceived by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Animal Damage Control (ADC) State Directors in the Eastern ADC Region. There are 23 State Directors in the Eastern ADC Region who are responsible for managing operational and technical assistance animal damage programs in 31 states. Because of their collective experience with a variety of species and control techniques under various environmental circumstances, their imput and insight should be valuable in helping those in the research community more clearly define wildlife damage-related research needs.

Decontamination Of A Histoplasma Capsulatum-Infested Blackbird Roost: Use Of A Sprinkler System To Apply Formalin, A. R. Stickley Jr., J. R. Pruitt, C. E. Hume, T. Pass Ii, C. H. Gayle

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

When disturbed, blackbird/starling roost sites can be sources of locally severe outbreaks of histoplasmosis; therefore decontamination with formalin is sometimes prudent. We describe the use of a $5000 sprinkler system for spraying formalin on a Histoplasma capsulatum-infested roost site. This system precludes direct worker involvement in the application of this hazardous chemical to the area. Analysis of soil samples collected and cultured both before and after formalin treatment confirmed the eradication of H. capsulatum from the 1.3 ha site. Cost was approximately $17,000 with sprinkler system provided at no charge.

Rrs - A Multipurpose Reusable Reentry Satellite, John Givens, Richard Schaupp

Small Satellite Conference

This paper describes a low-cost, multipurpose Reusable Reentry Satellite (RRS) which can carry a variety of experiments into space, remain in orbit for up to 60 days, return autonomously to Earth and be refurbished for reuse. Potential user applications include life science, commercial, and others. As presently conceived, the vehicle is a blunt ballistic entry vehicle with an internal cavity for accommodating user payloads, including those utilizing the STS GetAway Special (GAS) canister. The spacecraft provides payload power, transmits payload data, receives payload commands, and controls payload cavity thermal conditions. A variety of vehicle sizes with base diameters within the …

High Resolution Secondary Electron Imaging In A Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Instrument, J. Liu, J. M. Cowley

Scanning Microscopy

High resolution and high quality secondary electron (SE) images can be obtained in a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) instrument under normal operating conditions. Small gold particles less than 1 nm in diameter can be imaged in the SE mode and fine details on surface morphology can be revealed clearly by secondary electron imaging. Applications of SEM study of surface step structures are presented. Secondary electron image intensity variations of different MgO smoke crystals with electron beam irradiation time are discussed. Contrast mechanisms for secondary electron imaging of specimen surfaces and future improvements in obtaining ultra-high resolution SE images …

Insites, Fall 1987, Utah State University

inSites

Magazine of the Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning

A Possible Site Of Calcium Regulation In Rat Exocrine Pancreas Cells: An X-Ray Microanalytical Study, Norbert Roos

Scanning Microscopy

We analysed four subcellular compartments in rat exocrine pancreas cells, zymogen granules, cytoplasm surrounding the zymogen granules, mitochondria and cytoplasm in the basal part of the cells for sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium and calcium content, using ultrathin frozen-dried cryosections. The highest concentrations of calcium were measured in the zymogen granules and the surrounding apical part of the cell containing Golgi apparatus, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and condensing vacuoles.

Calcium concentrations in the basal part of the cells (mostly rough endoplasmic reticulum) were 60% lower than in the apical part of the cells. The lowest calcium concentrations were measured in …

Utah Science Vol. 48 No. 3, Fall 1987

Utah Science

114 GROWING OLD IN NORTHERN UTAH: AN EVALUATION OF SOCIAL SERVICES FOR THE ELDERLY Y. Kim. M. Wilson and S. Chiba How elderly residents of Cache and Box Elder counties view available services.

117 WILL IT PAY TO PROCESS VEGETABLES IN UTAH? D. L. Snyder. T. F. Glover. L. K. Bond. D. Bailey. J. C. Andersen. W. C. Lewis and H. H. Fullerton Economists say a multi-commodity processing facility might be economically Feasible, but it involves considerable economic risk.

124 EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION G.A.Long Results of a recent survey indicate there are plenty of job …

Clonal Foraging In Perennial Wheatgrasses: A Strategy For Exploiting Patchy Soil Nutrients, L. D. Humphrey, D. A. Pyke

Aspen Bibliography

1 Foraging by means of plasticity in placement of tillers in response to low- and high- nutrient patches was examined in the rhizomatous wheatgrass Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus. Its ability to exploit soil nutrient patches was compared to that of the closely related but caespitose E. lanceolatus ssp. wawawaiensis. 2 Clones of 14 genets of each taxon were planted in boxes consisting of two 30 x 30 cm cells: the 'origin cell' where clones were planted, and the adjacent 'destination cell', with each cell containing soil with either low or high levels of nutrients. 3 The rhizomatous taxon, which can …

Effects Of Hysteresis With Air Entrapment On Water Flow In The Unsaturated Zone, Jagath J. Kaluarachchi, J. C. Parker

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Effects of hysteresis with air entrapment on water content and head distributions, surface fluxes, and water balance components are investigated by finite element simulations of flow in one- and two-dimensional spatial domains. Results of one-dimensional analyses indicate that effects of hysteresis are markedly influenced by surface boundary conditions and to a lesser extent by initial conditions. Stipulation of flux-controlled boundary conditions results in minimal hysteretic effects, while potential-type boundary conditions produce substantial deviations between hysteretic and nonhysteretic simulations. The latter effects are attributable in large part to differences in surface conductivity associated with air entrapment. Predicted water content distributions for …

Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission Spectrometry In Archaeology, C. P. Swann, S. J. Fleming

Scanning Microscopy

Proton-induced x-ray emission (PIXE) spectrometry is fast developing a reputation as a powerful analytical tool in the study of a range of ancient materials, including bronze, iron, gold, glass, faience, and smelting slag. PIXE data allows determination of the primary constituents which would indicate their recipe of production and determine their bulk physical properties (e.g., color of a glass, brittleness in a metal), and of a wide range of trace elements which may indicate the source of raw material s from which an artifact was constituted. Over the past seven years, PIXE spectrometry's primary advantage over other recognized methods now …

Influence Of Cytomatrix Proteins On Water And On Ions In Cells, I. L. Cameron, G. D. Fullerton, N. K. R. Smith

Scanning Microscopy

This review concerns the influence that cytomatrix proteins have on the motional properties of water and on the major inorganic ions in cells. The techniques we used for study of water in cells and on the cytomatrix proteins include: pulsed NMR of water protons, quench cooled ice crystal imprint size, and osmotic behavior. The technique for study of ions involved use of electron-probe X-ray microanalysis of thin cryosections of cells. The cytomatrix was found to play the major role in determining the extent of hydration water in cells, The amount of hydration water varied greatly between cell types (e.g., lens …

Thermal Enhancement Of Cellular Radiation Damage: A Review Of Complementary And Synergistic Effects, G. Peter Raaphorst, J. G. Szekely

Scanning Microscopy

Hyperthermia treatment can kill mammalian cells in a time and temperature dependent manner. Thermal sensitivity varies extensively among various cell lines in culture and cellular molecular and ultrastructural studies have not resolved which cellular mechanisms underlie thermal cell killing and radiosensitization. The response of cells to heat and radiation are complementary under certain conditions found in human tumors, such as hypoxia, low pH, low nutrient and the S-phase of the cell cycle. Thus, hyperthermia can be used as a complementary treatment modality in the radiotherapy of human cancer. Further studies show that heat treatment causes radiosensitization which is in part …

Sertoli Cell Death By Apoptosis In The Immature Rat Testis Following X-Irradiation, David J. Allan, Glenda C. Gobé, Brian V. Harmon

Scanning Microscopy

The importance of the morphological study of cell death has recently been emphasized by the recognition that the ultrastructural features of dying cells allow categorization of the death as either apoptosis or necrosis. This classification enables inferences to be drawn about the mechanism and biological significance of the death occurring in a particular set of circumstances.

In this study, Sertoli cell death induced in the immature testis of three and four day old rats by 5 Gy (500 rads) x-irradiation was described by light and transmission electron microscopy with the objective of categorizing the death as apoptosis or necrosis. The …

The Surface Characterization Of Modified Chrysotile Asbestos, J. K. De Waele, F. C. Adams

Scanning Microscopy

In this paper, results of a semi-quantitative and qualitative leaching study of chrysotile and Chrysophosphate® fibers in oxalic acid and succinate salt buffer solutions with laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) and electron probe X-ray micro-analysis (EPXMA) are presented, which demonstrate clearly the potential of these sensitive surface analytical tools for the analysis of natural physico-chemically modified and depleted fibers. These results are verified with those obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) for the measurement of the leached magnesium and iron concentration in solution. In order to study differences in adsorption behaviour and reaction capability between natural and chemically modified chrysotile, …

X-Ray-Induced Cell Death By Apoptosis In The Immature Rat Cerebellum, Brian V. Harmon, David J. Allan

Scanning Microscopy

The cells of the external granular layer (EGL) of the developing cerebellum are known to be particularly sensitive to radiation. In the past, changes induced in this layer by irradiation have been referred to by non-specific terms such as "pyknotic cells" and the mode of cell death has been assumed to be necrosis. However, in published light micrographs of these dying cells, the appearance is suggestive of apoptosis, a distinctive mode of cell death which occurs spontaneously in normal adult and embryonic tissues and can also be triggered by certain pathological stimuli.

This light and transmission electron microscopic study of …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Early Atherosclerosis In Rabbits Using Aortic Casts, Ralph G. Kratky, Margot R. Roach

Scanning Microscopy

Our research involves measuring the size and location of atherosclerotic lesions on the intimal surface of arteries. To this end we have developed a new method in which scanning electron micrographs of vascular casts with impressions of these lesions on their surface are used. This method is compared with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of tissue with lesions. All three methods are found to detect lesions equally well. We also examine the cellular elements in the lesion to determine how the images are formed.

Response Of Laryngeal And Tracheo-Bronchial Surface Lining To Inhaled Cigarette Smoke In Normal And Vitamin A-Deficient Rats: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study., P. K. Jeffery, A. P. R. Brain, P. A. Shields, B. P. Quinn, T. Betts

Scanning Microscopy

The effects on surface morphology of airway epithelium of cigarette smoke (CS) inhalation alone (experiments one and two) or of CS in combination with hypovitaminosis A (experiment two) was investigated using specific pathogen free rats. Eight morphologically distinct cell types were distinguished overall. Apart from atypical squamous lesions each of the other cell types could be found in varying proportions in all experimental groups. CS alone caused an increase in the frequency with which intra-lumenal mucus was seen and an increase in the occurrence of secretory cells of types IV (i.e.,'merocrine') and V (i.e.,'apocrine'). In experiment one, the area of …

Surface Morphology Of Human Airway Mucosa: Normal, Carcinoma Or Cystic Fibrosis, P. K. Jeffery, A. P. R. Brain

Scanning Microscopy

The study presents preliminary qualitative findings of an investigation of grossly normal main and lobar bronchi at sites distant to well circumscribed tumour (n=15), adjacent to tumour (n=5) or of airways obtained during heart/lung transplantation in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF, n=3). In the normal airways the surface epithelium was on average 50 𝝁m thick, pseudostratified and rested on a roughly contoured basement membrane. A variety of cell types were identified although many were obscured by a dense covering of cilia, occasionally interrupted by foci of squamous metaplasia. Submucosal gland structure was observed in chance vertical fractures of the airway …

The Surface Morphology Of Normal And Atherosclerotic Coronary Arteries In Male Macaca Fascicularis And The Effect Of Coronary Angiography, Dwight A. Bellinger, Jon C. Lewis, Thomas B. Clarkson

Scanning Microscopy

Selective coronary angiography is one of the procedures used frequently in the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease. Macaca fascicularis monkeys were used to study the effects of coronary angiography on coronary artery surface morphology. Fourteen M. fascicularis were fed either an atherogenic diet (0.34 mg of cholesterol/kcal and 40 to 43% of the calories as fat) for six to nine months or a control diet. For six of these animals the Judkin method of selective left coronary angiography was done 24 h prior to necropsy. The ascending aorta, right coronary artery, left circumflex (LCX), left anterior descending (LAD) …

The Versatility Of Scanning Electron Microscopy In Thin Film Device Analysis, D. J. Drake, W. G. Hawkins, R. W. Anderson

Scanning Microscopy

The versatility of scanning electron microscopy is shown for many stages of fabrication of thin film transistor driver matrices for actively addressed liquid crystal displays. Electron channeling and Schottky barrier charge collection modes allow rapid assessment of silicon crystal quality. The secondary electron mode allows examination of conductor lead crossover integrity. A form of voltage contrast is used on the completed array to monitor performance of the array prior to liquid crystal filling.

Image Simulation For Secondary Electron Micrographs In The Scanning Electron Microscope, David C. Joy

Scanning Microscopy

The interpretation of high resolution secondary electron images, and quantitative measurements of micrometer size features on integrated circuits, both require accurate modelling of the process of image formation in the scanning electron microscope. A Monte Carlo model, based on the semi-empirical theory of Salow, has been developed which permits the simultaneous computation of the secondary and backscattered yields. The physical constants necessary to apply this model can be derived from straightforward measurements of the total electron yield as a function of beam energy. On the basis of simplifying assumptions line profiles and images can then be simulated for specimens of …

Trophectoderm: The First Epithelium To Develop In The Mammalian Embryo, Lynn M. Wiley

Scanning Microscopy

The first epithelium to appear during mammalian embryogenesis is the trophectoderm, a polarized transporting single cell layer that comprises the wall of the blastocyst. The trophectoderm develops concurrently with blastocoele fluid production as the morula develops into a blastocyst. The process whereby the morula becomes a fluid-filled cyst is called 'cavitation', which can be regarded as the first functional expression of the trophectoderm phenotype. The outer layer of eel ls of the morula comprise the nascent trophectoderm and are already morphologically polarized prior to the onset of cavitation. A major working hypothesis in the field of mammalian embryogenesis is that …

Extension's Perspective Of Federal, State And Private Animal Damage Control Programs, Gary J. San Julian

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Extension personnel are in a unique position to observe and to be involved in animal damage control (ADC) programs at the federal, state and private levels. In order to offer educational programs, we must interpret regulations and policies to provide a workable interface between ourselves, other agencies and the public. This is not an easy task in such a sensitive and emotional area.

The Inorganic Geochemistry Of Coal: A Scanning Electron Microscopy View, Robert B. Finkelman

Scanning Microscopy

The scanning electron microscope (SEM), equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX), has been widely used to study the inorganic geochemistry of coal. This system was instrumental in establishing that the bulk of most trace elements in bituminous coals are associated with fine-grained accessory minerals. Textural evidence, as observed in the SEM, indicates that many of these minerals are embedded in relatively large organic particles. As a consequence of this association, these minerals, and the elements they contain, can be rafted up into the lighter specific gravity fractions during sink-float separation of the coal. Textural evidence also indicates the …

Scanning Electron Microscopy And Electron Probe Microanalyses Of The Crystalline Components Of Human And Animal Dental Calculi, R. Z. Legeros, I. Orly, J. P. Legeros, C. Gomez, J. Kazimiroff, T. Tarpley, B. Kerebel

Scanning Microscopy

A review of the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalyses in the study of dental calculus showed that such studies provided confirmatory and supplementary data on the morphological features of human dental calculi but gave only limited information on the identity of the crystalline or inorganic components.

This study aimed to explore the potential of combined SEM and microanalyses in the identification of the crystalline components of the human and animal dental calculi. Human and animal calculi were analyzed. Identification of the crystalline components were made based on the combined information of the morphology (SEM) and …