Digital Commons Network^™

Changes In Quality Of Bone Mineral On Aging And In Disease, M. D. Grynpas, D. Holmyard

Scanning Microscopy

This paper reviews the changes in the quality of bone mineral with age and in disease. After a brief review of morphological changes with aging in mammalian bones, microradiography is compared to backscattered electron imaging and their use in bringing out subtle changes in bone mineralization outlined.

Changes in the quality of bone with disease is described using osteoporosis as an example. Chemical changes in the skeleton are then discussed and related to morphological changes. Finally, some examples of localized and generalized changes in bone mineral are given. This paper emphasizes that understanding the nature of the mineral phase in …

Quantitative Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis Of Lead-Sequestering Organelles In Earthworms: Technical Appraisal Of Air-Dried Smears And Freeze-Dried Cryosections, C. Winters, A. J. Morgan

Scanning Microscopy

Much of the current knowledge of Pb sequestration in earthworm chloragosome granules stems from quantitative and semi-quantitative Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis (EPXMA) of unfixed, air-dried tissue smears. Fully quantitative EPXMA was used in this study to assess the validity of smearing by comparison with unfixed, freeze-dried cryosections. Samples were obtained from two earthworm species, Lumbricus rubellus (L.r.) and Dendrobaena rubida (D.r.) collected from a Pb and Zn polluted soil (confirmed by XRF). A number of conclusions emerged :- (a) the element compositions of whole worms, determined by EPXMA of sprayed microdroplets of wet-digested tissues, were different …

Quench Cooled Ice Crystal Imprint Size: A Micro-Method For Study Of Macromolecular Hydration, Ivan L. Cameron, Keithley E. Hunter, Gary D. Fullerton

Scanning Microscopy

Quench cooling (rate > 4000°C/sec) of biological specimens limits growth of ice crystals by processes different from slow cooling methods. Quench cooling in liquid propane cooled in liquid nitrogen induced ice crystal segregation compartments, as imaged by scanning transmission electron micrographs of freeze-dried cryosections of tissues and protein solutions. The observed imprints of ice crystals were relatively small and roughly spherical. The size of these ice crystal imprints increased with distance from the specimen/quenchant surface. Beyond a depth of 150 microns the size of the imprints was constant but differed among subcellular compartments. The size of the imprints was found to …

Low Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy: Advantages And Applications, J. A. Sargent

Scanning Microscopy

Cryo-preparation of specimens for scanning electron microscopy can be completed within a few minutes. Chemical fixation and contact with solvents is avoided, levels of specimen hydration are maintained, low melting-point materials are stabilized, volume changes are minimized and internal structure can be revealed by freeze-fracture. Elements are not lost or substantially relocated prior to X-ray microanalysis and specimen luminescence is enhanced. The displacement of internal structure and material subject to X-ray microanalysis by the growth of ice crystals in hydrated samples can be minimized by adopting fast freezing methods designed to limit ice crystal growth. The technique enables a wide …

Elemental Microanalysis Of Biological Specimens, Godfried M. Roomans, Joanna Wroblewski, Romuald Wróblewski

Scanning Microscopy

Although X-ray microanalysis in the electron microscope is the most common method for microanalysis of biological specimens, other methods of elemental microanalysis (electron energy loss spectroscopy, scanning Auger microanalysis, and proton, ion, and laser microprobe analysis) may provide important complementary information and help overcome some of the limitations of electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Despite differences in physical principles and instrumentation, the various microanalytical methods have much in common with regard to specimen preparation, quantitative analysis, and interpretation of analytical data. A common approach to microanalytical problems in the biological sciences, irrespective of the analytical techniques used, seems therefore indicated.

X-Ray Microanalysis Of Cartilage And Chondrocytes, Joanna Wroblewski, Anne-Marie Makower

Scanning Microscopy

The elemental content of differentiating chondrocytes in situ and in vitro was studied by X-ray microanalysis. The in situ studies were carried out on semi-thick cryosections and on thin sections of freeze-dried low-temperature vacuum-embedded rat rib growth plate. Resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic cells were analyzed separately. The in vitro studies were carried out on cultured cell fractions isolated from rat rib growth plate. The cell fractions were relatively homogeneous and contained resting - early proliferative, proliferative or hypertrophic cells, respectively. Data from cells in vitro are generally not comparable to data obtained from cells in situ. Chondrocytes in situ …

Application Of Electron Microscopy To The Electrorefining Of Copper, T. T. Chen, J. E. Dutrizac

Scanning Microscopy

Electron microscopy was used to characterize the fine-grained products formed during the electrorefining of copper and to elucidate the chemical processes occurring during this metallurgical process. Copper anodes and the anode slimes from the electrorefining of copper at three Canadian refineries are studied to determine the behaviour of lead and selenium and the formation of various silver-copper selenides during the electrorefining process. Silver occurs in solid solution in the copper metal and dissolves with the copper. Silver then reacts with Cu₂Se to form Ag-Cu selenides. Lead is present in the anode mostly as complex Pb-As or Pb-As-Sb-Bi oxides. …

The Aging Cochlear Hair Cell, Matti Anniko

Scanning Microscopy

Specimens from the organ of Corti were taken from regions which appeared normal in the cytocochleogram as evaluated with the Nomarski optics. Ultrastructural, qualitative analyses of aging cochlear hair cells in the guinea pig showed, however, principally five distinct types of pathological changes: (1) disintegration of the cuticle; (2) increased amounts of intracellular lamellar structures and submembrane cisternae; (3) aggregations of electron optically dense particles; (4) lysosome-like structures; and (5) vesiculation of cytoplasm. Stereocilia remained intact also in cells where the cuticular plate showed severe degeneration. Outer hair cells showed more extensive cytological changes than inner hair cells. The ultrastructural …

The Retention Of Contractility Of Rabbit Myofibrils During Storage At 25 C, Makoto Nakamura, Michio Muguruma, Toshiyuki Fukazawa, Mamoru Yamaguchi

Food Structure

During postmortem storage of muscle at 25 degrees C, myofibrils retained the ability to contract for more than 400 hours under experimental conditions used to prevent bacterial contamination of the meat surface. During t his time, rapid breakdown of troponin T was observed. Storage beyond 500 hours resulted in rapid loss of contractility correlating with proteolysis of the heavy chain of myosin, an din this stage some granules were observed along the whole A-band within the sarcomere.

"We Gather Together" Food And Festival In American Life, Theodore C. Humphrey, Lin T. Humphrey

All USU Press Publications

No abstract provided.

Proposed Record Of Decision Fo Rteh Aptus Industrial And Hazardous Waste Treatment, Tooele County, Utah, Bureau Of Land Management; Salt Lake District Office; United States

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

8th Biennial Cheese Industry Conference, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

No abstract provided.

Food Microstructure

Food Structure

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Transmission Electron Microscopy To Study The Composition Of Pseudomonas Fragi Attachment Material, Paula J. Herald, Edmund A. Zottola

Food Structure

Electron microscopy techniques were used to study the attachment matrix of Pseudomonas fragi used to demonstrate the presence of attachment fibrils of P. fragi adhered to stainless steel. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine thin sectioned cells strained with ruthenium red or alcian blue. Extracellular substances surrounding cells stained with ruthenium red or alcian blue had a mat- or spike-like morphology. This indicated that these substances were acidic mucopolysaccharides that may be involved in the attachment of P. fragi to food contact surfaces.

Changes In The Ultrastructure Of Emulsions As A Result Of Electron Microscopy Preparation Procedures, M. Liboff, H. D. Goff, Z. Haque, W. K. Jordan, J. E. Kinsella

Food Structure

Various methods of preparing emulsions for electron microscopy were examined with peanut oil/protein and ice cream mix emulsions. For transmission electron microscopy {TEM) , fresh peanut oil/bovine serum albumin emulsions were mixed with 2% agar , fixed in phosphate-buffered (pH 7 . 0) 4% glutaraldehyde solution and postfixed in phosphate-buffered (pH ? . 0) 1% osmium tetroxide alternatively , the glutaraldehyde- fixed samples were briefly rinsed in acetone prior to postfixation . Both preparations yielded satisfactory fat globule preservation. Similar emulsions were prepared on loops and suspended over vapors of 25% gJ nt.RrBl r'lehyr'le Rnc'l 1% oRmi urn tetroxide . …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Cellular Structure Of Granny Smith And Red Delicious Apples, Gassinee Trakoontivakorn, Max E. Patterson, Barry G. Swanson

Food Structure

Immature and mature Granny Smith and Red Delicious apples (Malus domestica Borkh . ) were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Parenchyma cells were observed to form a net-like pattern in sections transverse to the stem-calyx of the apple. Bundles of about six intact cells were connected, creating large intercellular spaces. The intercellular spaces were different in shape from different perspectives to the cut surfaces ; round in stem-calyx transverse sections and elliptical in stem-calyx cross sections. Cell areas, cell lengths and intercellular space areas were determined with image analysis. The patterns of mature apple cell structure of both cultivars …

Dolores Project Colorado, Final Supplement To The Final Environmental Statement, United States Department Of The Interior

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This Final Supplement to the Final Environmental Statement (FES) to the Dolores Project describes project modifications since completion of the 1977 Final Environmental Statement on May 9, 1977, (FES 77-12) and a Finding of No Significant Impact approved May 11, 1981, for the addition of two hydroelectric powerplants to the project. The project modifications include adding salinity control and changing the alignment of the Towaoc Canal from west of Cortez, Colorado, to the east of the city. In addition, refinements would be made to the project plan by deleting Monument Creek Reservoir and the Cortez-Towaoc Municipal and Industrial Pipeline from …

Sample Holders For Solid And Viscous Foods Compatible With The Hexland Cryotrans Ct 1000 Assembly, Miloslav Kalab, Paula Allan-Wojtas, Ann Fook Yang

Food Structure

A brass block., 3 .7 mm high and 10 mm in diameter, which has three openings to accommodate rivet-type or plain tubular specimen holders for scanning electron microscopy at low temperature, has been designed to fit the Hexland Cryotrans CT 1000 assembly in place of the original aluminum disc. Viscous food samples are placed in two-piece tubular holders (0.9 mm inner diameter, 1.2 mm outer diameter) made from sterling silver, and rapidly frozen. The holders are inserted into the brass block under 1 iquid nitrogen and tightened with individual setscrews. A handle screwed into the central hole of the block …

The Application Of Cold Stage Scanning Electron Microscopy To Food Research, J. A. Sargent

Food Structure

Host foods and associated microorganisms contain water which in the vacuun of an electron microscope would rapidly evaporate at ambient temperature . In addition constituent fats may melt under the electron beam. Cryopreservation and examination at low temperature avoids these problems. The structure of emulsified or foamed products can be revealed by freeze-fracture techniques. Products such as ice cream which are not stable even under normal pressures at ambient temperature can be prepared rapidly and examined for prolonged periods.

Encapsulation Of Viscous Foods In Agar Gel Tubes For Electron Microscopy, Miloslav Kalab

Food Structure

Viscous food is aspirated into a glass capillary tube with the inner diameter of approximately 0.5 mm if the food is to be examined by transmission electron microscopy. If the sample is destined for examination by scanning electron microscopy, it is aspirated into a Pasteur pipette having the diameter of 1.0 mm. In each case, the lower end of the glass tube is sealed with a droplet of 40°C warm 3% agar sol. After the sol solidifies, the pipette is dipped in the same agar sol and a coating, 0.2 to 0.5 mm thick, is formed around the glass tube …

Food Microstructure

Food Structure

No abstract provided.

Pocket Gophers, Terry A. Messmer

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Douglas-Fir Beetle (Dendroctonus Pseudotsugae Hopkins, Coleoptera : Scolytidae) Brood Production On Douglas-Fir Defoliated By Western Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura Occidentalis Freeman, Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) In Logan Canyon, Utah, S E. Fredricks, M J. Jenkins

The Bark Beetles, Fuels, and Fire Bibliography

Douglas-fir beetle brood production was studied on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) trees defoliated by the western spruce budworm between 1983 and 1985. Tallies were made of the number of attacks, total length and number of egg galleries, number of eggs deposited, number of larval tunnels, number of pupal chambers, and number of emerging beetles (per female and per unit area). Data analysis showed no significant differences among the three years studied. The number of emerging beetles per female parent was 0.59, and emergence per 90 cm2 was 2.32 beetles. Egg, larval, and pupal survivals were 47.5%, 30.0%, and 15.5%, …

Lodgepole Pine Vigor, Regeneration, And Infestation By Mountain Pine Beetle Following Partial Cutting On The Shoshone National Forest, Wyoming, Gene D. Amman, Gene D. Lessard, Lynn A. Rasmussen, Curtis G. O'Neil

The Bark Beetles, Fuels, and Fire Bibliography

Lodgepole pine stands were thinned in the Shoshone National Forest of northwestern Wyoming in 1979 and 1980 using different forms of partial cutting. Average losses of trees 5 inches diameter at breast height and larger to mountain pine beetles during the 5 years following thinning ranged from less than 1 percent in spaced thinnings to 7.4 percent in the 12-inch diameter limit cut, compared to 26.5 percent in check stands. Residual trees increased radial growth significantly, but change in growth efficiency is slow. Regeneration 5 years after thinning ranged between 1,160 and 3,560 seedlings per acre, with pine being favored …

Insites, Winter 1988, Utah State University

inSites

Magazine of the Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning

National List Of Plant Species That Occur In Wetlands: 1988, Nevada, Porter B. Reed, Jr.

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 (National List) represents the combined efforts of many biologists over the last decade to define the wetland flora of the United States. The National List has undergone a number of revisions resulting from intensive review by regional ecologists. National, regional and State lists are being distributed to provide users with the most current information. We welcome and encourage modification and improvement of the National List. Refinement of the National List will occur continually, reflecting increased knowledge in Indicator assignments, taxonomy, and geographic distribution. We anticipate that further refinement of …

Index To Information On Insects Associated With Western Wildland Shrubs, U.S. Forest Service

Range Management

Provides brief summary of available information on insects associated with wildland shrubs; also provides index system to access information from published literature and insect collection records.

A Seasonal Comparison Of Metabolic And Water Loss Rates Of Three Species Of Grasshoppers, Lynn J. Forlow, James A. Macmahon

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

1. 1. Seasonal differences in metabolic and water loss rates were examined in three related species of grasshoppers collected from shrub-steppe communities in Utah: Arphia conspersa, A. pseudonietana and

2. 2 cohorts of Trimerotropis pallidipennis. 2. No significant differences (P = 0.05) in metabolic rates were observed between seasons (early vs late), between genera (Arphia vs Trimerotropis) nor among species.

3. 3. Early season (spring) grasshoppers had a higher (but non-significant) mean water loss rate (±X ± SD in mg.g−1-hr−1) (4.81 ± 1.53) than late season (summer) grasshoppers (4.43 ± 1.43).

4. 4. Among species, early season A. conspersa had …

Pear Sawfly, Vincent P. Jones

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

Final Environmental Impact Statement Aptus Industrial And Hazardous Waste Treatment Facility, U.S. Department Of The Interior

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The environmental impact statement for the proposed aptus industrial and hazardous waste treatment facility analyzes the environmental impacts of the proposed transfer, storage, and incineration facility, and the the transportation and utility corridors through construction, operation, and closure.