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On The Existence Of Global Variational Principles, Ian M. Anderson, T. Duchamp

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

In studying physical phenomena one frequently encounters differential equations which arise from a variational principle, i.e. the equations are the Euler-Lagrangequations obtained from the fundamental (or action) integral of a problem in the calculus of variations. Because solutions to the Euler-Lagrange equations determine the possible extrema of the fundamental integral, the first step in the solution of a given problem in the calculus of variations is to obtain the appropriate Euler-Lagrange equations. This state of affairs suggests the so-called inverse problem, viz. does a given differential equation arise from a variational principle and, if so, what is the Lagrangian for …

Effect Of Fish Size On Prey Size Selection In Gambusia Affinis, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Joseph J. Cech Jr., James Compton

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Food size selection of the mosquitofish , Gambusia affinis affinis. was measured in aquaria using juvenile stages of the mosquito, Clllex tarsalb;, as prey. Fish size varied from recently born fry to large adult females. Food size selection was positively correlated with fish size. Mosquitofish fry (6-8 111m standard length) attacked and ate primarily first and second instar larvae. Fry attacked larger instars, but attack success on these was low (0 - 50%). Fish larger than 20 mm attached primarily pupae and third and fourth instar larva. No first instar mosquitoes were eaten. Attack success for these fish was above …

Mass Marking Of Mosquitofish: Preliminary Results, Bruce Vondracek, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Joseph J. Cech Jr.

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Three marking techniques were tested to determine their applicability for mosquitofish. Tetracycline drugs and DC Ar administered in the diet successfully marked laboratory-cultured mosquitofish, but exposure to direct sunlight in outdoor tanks resulted in the rapid disappearance of the marks. Preliminary data on fluorescent marks from a polystyrene pigment in a melamine-sulfonamide-formaldehyde resin forced into the dermal ,tissue with compressed air are more promising.

A t an optimal deliver pressure of 7.3 m Hg (140 p.s.i.) and spraying time of 15 sec., marking percentage is maximized and fish mortality is minimized. Mark retention time was up to 80 days in …

Ute Self-Determination In Setting Tribal Resource Development Policy, Herbert H. Fullerton, Mac Mckee, Roger D. Hansen

Reports

The Ute Indian Tribe of northeastern Utah has large land holdings rich in water and energy resources. Revenues from these sources have created capital that can potentially be used by the Tribe to further develop its resources and expand its agricultural and business enterprises. Realities, however, complicate this simple scenario in that the Tribal goals are broader than pure economic gain and that increased incomes may mean sacrifices in terms of these other goals. The Tribe faces the problem of how best to develop its water resources in a way that best meets its multiplicity of needs.

The research team …

Chemical Trends In The Ice Springs Basalt, Black Rock Desert, Utah, W. C. Lynch, W. P. Nash

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The Holocene Ice Springs volcanic field of west-central Utah consists of 0.53 km3 of tholeitic basalts erupted as a sequence of nested cinder cones and associated lava flows. Whole rock x-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption analysis of ninety-six samples of known relative age document statistically significant inter- and intra- eruption chemical variations. Elemental trends include increases in Ti, Fe, Ca, P, and Sr and decreases in Si, K, Rb, Ni, Cr, and Zr with decreasing age. Microprobe analyses of microphenocrysts of olivine, plagioclase, and Fe-Ti oxides and of groundmass olivine, plagioclase, and clinopyroxene indicate limited chemical variation between mineral assemblages …

Utah Science Vol. 41 No. 2, Summer 1980

Utah Science

37 SYMBIOSIS-A MARRIAGE OF CONVENIENCE W. F. Campbell, C. Barnes, and D. C. lanson A type of bacteria that lives in the roots of legumes converts nitrogen from the air into a form useable to host plants, and may aid in revegetating strip-mined lands.

40 ALCOHOL FUEL FROM SUGARBEETS D. L. Doney and J. C. Theurer Sugarbeets, once a major crop in Utah, may regain acreage as a possible source of fuel to supplement our increasingly expensive petroleum.

44 OIL SHALE-POTENTIAL RESOURCE AND POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM R. J. Wagenet, D. F. Fransway, and C. M. McKell The development of Utah's …

Singing Behavior Of The Black-Headed Grosbeak, Pheuticus Melanocephalus, With Emphasis On The Function Of Singing By Females, Gary Kenneth Ritchison

Biology

Although song in passerines typically is limited to males, there are many reports of singing by females. This study was undertaken to ascertain the incidence and possible functions of such singing in the Black-headed Grosbeak, Pheucticus melanocephalus. The singing of grosbeaks is expressed in a series of syllables lying between about 1.5 and 4.0 kHz. The number of syllables in the repertoires of the birds studied ranged from 14 to 37 in males and 4 to 28 in females. Within the most extensively studied population, an average of one-third of any male's syllables also were sung by another male. However, …

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Probe Of Ultraviolet-B Photoinhibition Of Primary Photoreactions In Intact Leaves, Robert S. Nowak

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Damage to primary photosynthetic reactions caused by environmental stress can be assessed by measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence induction in intact leaves. This approach was applied in studies of ultraviolet-B photoinhibition of photosynthesis in Pisum sativum L. and Rumex patientia L. leaves. At ultraviolet-B dose rates insufficient to cause inhibition of net photosynthesis, changes in the magnitude of fluorescence transients did occur, which suggested direct effects on chloroplast pigments in Pisum and inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport between the photosystems in both species. Leaves of these two species subjected to a much higher dose rate had a significant reduction of net …

Production Of Mountain Whitefish (Prosopium Williamsoni) In Altered And Unaltered Reaches Of Two Intermountain Streams In Their Alluvial Flood Plains, Michael J. Ottenbacher

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Estimates of production and related parameters (growth rate, density, standing crop) were made for populations of mountain whitefish in altered and "unaltered" areas of the Blacksmith Fork and Logan River, Utah from spring 1975 through summer 1976. Capture records of marked whitefish were also analyzed to describe fish movement and check on assumptions implicit in the population estimator.

Mean weights and instantaneous growth rates of whitefish were similar at all sites for comparable size/age groups. Among sites, differences in production per sampling interval and annual production were due mainly to differences in standing crop and/or age structure.

Estimates of mountain …

Relationship Between Rainfall And Storm Runoff For Selected Arizona Watersheds, Robert James Anderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The relationship between rainfall and runoff was examined for twelve selected Arizona watersheds. Expedient runoff volume model coefficients and runoff curve number model parameters were examined using standardized structure, with modifications to adjust the model for small initial abstractions and large watershed storage capacity.

Forest-land management practices were examined for their effects on curve number coefficients. The effects of rainfall characteristics were also evaluated with respect to changes they induce in curve number populations.

Evaluations included a runoff fraction, a simple multiplier of storm volume to produce runoff volume. The accuracy of this model is promising for more permeable watersheds.

A Confidence Interval Estimate Of Percentile, How Coung Jou

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The confidence interval estimate of percentile and its applications were studied. The three methods of estimating a confidence interval were introduced. Some properties of order statistics were reviewed. The Monte Carlo Method -- used to estimate the confidence interval was the most important one among the three methods. The generation of ordered random variables and the estimation of parameters were discussed clearly. The comparison of the three methods showed that the Monte Carlo method would always work, but the K-S and the simplified methods would not.

Resource Partitioning In Breeding Populations Of Marsh Hawks And Short-Eared Owls, Susan C. Linner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

During the 1979 breeding season four pairs of northern harriers, or marsh hawks (Circus cyaneus) and four pairs of short-eared owls (Asio flammeus) were studied in Cache Valley, Utah. The study was concerned solely with diurnal resource utilization, and did not examine the owls' nocturnal activities. The home range of each harrier pair overlapped substantially with that of an owl pair. Percent habitat overlap for hawk-owl pairs varied from 39 percent to 72 percent. Observations were made to determine if differences existed in their utilization of habitat and food resources, or in their daily and seasonal …

Effects Of Host Plant Patch Size And Surrounding Plant Type On Insect Population Dynamics, Lynn A. Maguire

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of the present study was to investigate how plant spatial patterns and insect behavior interact to influence the population dynamics of insects using the plants. The study included three phases: l) field experiments using collards (Brassica oleracea) and the crucifer insect fauna; 2) simulation models representing the population dynamics of an insect herbivore as functions of insect dispersal behavior and host plant patch size; and 3) model-field syntheses integrating model predictions and field variability estimates to choose an appropriate spatial scale for future field experiments or applications.

In field experiments on surrounding plant type, collards were …

Vector Optimization Decision Convergence Algorithm (Vodca), Thomas Ward Morgan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Many professions occasionally involve the selection of an alternative from among many problem solutions which have impacts in multiple-interest areas; however, due to the very nature of his work, the practicing engineer, regardless of specialty, is unavoidably engaged in this selection process. The emergence of national concern for environmental and social consequences of technical enterprises, as reflected through legislative action, has accentuated the need for multicriteria design methodologies in some areas of engineering (i.e., automotive). Consequently, interest in the development of pragmatic and theoretically sound approaches to multi-impact design situations has been keen. Any approach to multicriteria design/decision problems involves …

Determining Initial Values For Stiff Systems With Incomplete Initial Data, Yech-Kuang Ning

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Stiff differential equations frequently arise in physical problems due to the existence of greatly differing time constants. One way of solving stiff differential equations is taking the step size very small, another way is using an A-stable or stiffly stable implicit method. The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the method of determining initial values for stiff systems. The algorithm was motivated by a problem from ionospheric physics in which some of the initial values are unknown. If we give those unknown initial values an arbitrary number and integrated with those values, we have an initial transient. However, if …

Exact Analysis Of Variance With Unequal Variances, Noriaki Yanagi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper was to present the exact analysis of variance with unequal variances. Bishop presented the new procedure for the r-way layout ANOVA. In this paper, one and two way layout ANOVA were explained and Bishop's method and Standard method were compared by using a Monte Carlo method.

A Comparison Of Employer Hiring Practices And Career Opportunities Between Two-Year And Four-Year Accounting Graduates Who Have Full Time Positions In The Work Force Within The State Of Utah, Anita Weston

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to determine if employers were inclined to discriminate between two-year and four-year educated accountants in making hiring and promotional decisions. In addition, accounting graduates of two-year and four-year institutions were studied to see if there were differences between these two groups in regard to educational programs taken, perceptions of the benefit received from the courses taken, salaries received, and views concerning employer hiring and promotional practices.

This study included three different groups consisting of 39 employers in the private business sector as well as 43 two-year accounting associate degree graduates and 43 bachelor accounting degree graduates. …

Economic Impacts Of Irrigation Technologies In The Sevier River Basin, Theodore R. Frickel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The economic well-being of the semi-arid intermountain area requires efficient use of available water supplies. Agriculture, the major water-consuming industry, depends on irrigation water. The adoption of sprinkler systems that increase irrigation "efficiencies" and increase water available for irrigation upstream may interfere with the "tenure" of downstream water rights. The farmers would like to use the water saved to irrigate additional acreages or crop to provide greater profits.

The problem in letting farmers expand their irrigated acreage is that the individual farmer increases his profits through increased consumptive use. The consequent reduction in return flows reduces the water available to …

An Assessment Of Faculty Understanding And Attitudes Toward General Education At Utah State University, Scott H. Gittins

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The data used for the following thesis were collected from tape-recorded interviews of a sample of U.S.U. faculty, and from a course evaluation list which each of these participating faculty members were asked to fill out. Thirty-six faculty members were selected for the in-depth interviews, which was slightly more than five percent of the faculty. The study was done in conjunction with the Provost's General Education Evaluation Committee, as part of a larger evaluation of general education at U.S.U. Thirty-four of the U.S.U. professors were interviewed and 28 of these completed the course evaluation lists.

This thesis evaluates faculty conceptualizations …

A Comparison Of Bookkeeping And/Or Accounting Tasks Performed By Entry-Level Employees In Selected Utah Businesses And Bookkeeping And/Or Accounting Tasks Taught In Utah Public Secondary Schools, Robert B. Jenkins

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare the bookkeeping and/or accounting tasks being performed by entry-level workers with bookkeeping and/or accounting tasks being taught in Utah secondary schools.

The study was limited to entry- level employees in 24 randomly selected Utah firms in three size classifications. Standard Industrial Classifications were used to provide a diversity in type of business surveyed. Bookkeeping and/or accounting supervisors were contacted and interviewed in each of the selected businesses. Entry-level employees performing bookkeeping and/or accounting tasks were identified and questionnaires were distributed to them. Usable questionnaires were secured from all businesses.

From a list …

The 160-Acre Limitation And Economies Of Size: A Case Study In The Uintah Basin, Thomas C. Hatch

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the economies of size in farming in the Roosevelt-Myton area of the Uintah Basin and to assess their impact on the financial viability of different size farms. This information will be useful in recommending changes to reclamation law.

Farmer interviews were used to obtain costs of production for 160, 320, 640, and 1280 acre farms. The field data were entered into the Oklahoma State Budget Generator to provide the necessary cost breakdown. This in formation was used to derive a curve approximating the long run average cost curve and to determine the …

A Computer Simulation Study Of Blood Cholinesterase Inhibition In Parathion Treated Rats, Scott Christopher Hennes

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A computer simulation model of blood cholinesterase inhibition in rats resulting from a single oral or dermal dose of parathion was developed and tested. The model consists of a set of non-linear differential equations describing the absorption, distribution and metabolism of parathion and the kinetics of inhibition and reactivation of erythrocyte and plasma cholinesterase. The equations are numerically integrated to produce the time-course of each of the cholinesterase activities of the blood. The model was tested for validity by a comparison of the activities predicted by the model to values determined experimentally in male rats. The model successfully simulated plasma …

Structure And Petrology Of Tertiary Volcanic Rocks Near Etna, Utah, Kent W. Smith

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three volcanic domes and related volcanic rocks of Tertiary age are located near Etna, Utah, in Box Elder County. The domes follow a north-south trend and are fault controlled. Flow structure indicates a change from a less viscous, flow-forming lava which produced an exogenous dome to a more viscous lava which formed endogenous domes. Associated pyroclastic deposits are negligible. The volcanic rocks are composed of porphyritic rhyolite and rhyolitic vitrophyre having phenocrysts of quartz, sanidine, plagioclase and biotite with minor amounts of Fe-Ti oxides, hypersthene, allanite and calcic amphibole. Quartz and sanidine phenocrysts are generally embayed whereas plagioclase phenocrysts are …

Common Use Grazing Studies On Southern Utah Summer Range, Al F. Schlundt

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two common use grazing trials were conducted during two summer grazing seasons (1978-1979) on a typical shrubby grassland site on the Kolab Terrace, about 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Cedar City, Utah, at an elevation of about 8500 feet (2600 m). Two animal units of ewes with lambs, or cows with calves, or both were stocked in each of six, one-acre (0.39 ha) pastures. A five to one substitution ratio provided two single-species and one mixed (five ewes with lambs and one cow with calf) livestock treatments replicated twice. The pastures were grazed for nine days during which time …

Growth, Morphology, Habit And Habitat Of Selected Brachiopod And Mollusc Species From The Meade Peak Member Of The Phosphoria Formation, Permian, Northeastern Utah - Southeastern Idaho - Southwestern Wyoming, Scott Lewis Russell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Permian Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation was examined at four localities in this investigation. Fossils were collected at each locality. The four collecting localities visited in this investigation are: Brazier Canyon, Utah, Montpelier Canyon, Idaho, Coal Canyon, Wyoming, and Cokeville, Wyoming.

The environment of deposition of the Meade Peak Member in the study area is inferred to have been an outer shelf or basin characterized by moderately deep and quiet water. This has aided reconstruction of life habits, population dynamics, and growth characteristics of the examined species.

The articulate brachiopod Leiorhynchoidea weeksi is inferred to have attached …

Primary Representational Systems As A Basis For Improved Comprehension And Communication, Alan Thomas "Chip" Mattar

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this dissertation was to determine the usefulness of primary representational systems (prs) as a basis for improved comprehension and communication. Primary representational systems were discussed as being cognitive representations of experience which are revealed through auditory (A), visual (V), or kinesthetic (K) language.

Specifically, this study tested Bandler and Grinder's assumption that an identified A, V, or K individual would better comprehend a communication which contained predicates representative of that individual's prs. Comprehension was operationalized into general information (GI) and specific predicate usage (SPU) segments in order to isolate possible group differences on this dimension.

A total …

Effects Of Pesticides On Immune Competency: Influence Of Methyl Parathion And Carbofuran On Immunologic Responses To Salmonella Typhimurium Infection, Anna M. Fan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Immunologic competence is correlated with resistance to infectious disease which may be affected by exposure to certain compounds. Methyl parathion (MP) and carbofuran (CF) have been reported to affect the development of active immunity in the rabbit and the present research was conducted to quantify the dosage relationships of these two pesticides to both host resistance and acquired resistance in the mouse.

Preliminary study was made on the virulence of Salmonella typhimurium in mice. Mortality rates among infected animals fed Purina Laboratory Chow diet providing 0.08, 0.7 3.0 mg MP/kg/day or 0.1, 0.6, 1.0 mg CF/kg/day along with untreated controls …

Geology, Characteristics, And Resource Potential Of The Low Temperature Geothermal System Near Midway, Wasatch County, Utah, James F. Kohler

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Recent awareness of the finite nature of fossil-fuel resources has resulted in an increased interest in alternate sources of energy such as geothermal. To evaluate the geothermal energy potential of the hot-springs system near Midway, Wasatch Co., Utah, consideration was given to heat flow, water chemistry, and structural controls.

Abnormal heat flow was indicated qualitatively by snow-melt patterns and quantitatively by heat-flow measurements that were obtained from two of four temperature-gradient wells drilled in the area. These measurements indicated that the area north of the town of Midway is characterized by heat flow equal to 321.75 mW/m², which …

Evaluation Of Multivariate Homogenous Arma Model, Lucy Chienhua Tseng

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to study a restricted multivariate AFRMA model, called the Homogeneous Model. This model is defined as one in which each univariate component of the multivariate model is of the same order in p and q as it is in the multivariate model.

From a mathematical respect, multivariate ARMA model is homogeneous if, and only if, its coefficient matrices are diagonal. From a physical respect, the present observation of a phenomenon can be modeled only by its own past observation and its present and past "errors."

The estimation procedures are developed based on maximum likelihood …

Extreme Value Distribution In Hydrology, Bill (Tzeng-Lwen) Chen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The problems encountered when empirical fit is used as the sole criterion for choosing a distribution to represent annual flood data are discussed. Some theoretical direction is needed for this choice. Extreme value theory is established as a viable tool for analyzing annual flood data. Extreme value distributions have been used in previous analyses of flood data. However, no systematic investigation of the theory has previously been applied. Properties of the extreme value distributions are examined. The most appropriate distribution for flood data has not previously been fit to such data. The fit of the chosen extreme value distribution compares …