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Analysis Of The Potential Energy Surface Of Ar–Nh3, G. Chalasinski, S. M. Cybulski, M. M. Szczesniak, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The combination of supermolecular Møller–Plesset treatment with the perturbation theory of intermolecular forces is applied in the analysis of the potential energy surface of Ar–NH₃. Anisotropy of the self‐consistent field (SCF) potential is determined by the first‐order exchange repulsion. Second‐order dispersion energy, the dominating attractive contribution, is anisotropic in the reciprocal sense to the first‐order exchange, i.e., minima in one nearly coincide with maxima in the other. The estimated second‐order correlation correction to the exchange effect is nearly as large as a half ΔE^SCF in the minimum and has a ‘‘smoothing’’ effect on the anisotropy of …

Snow And Avalanche Physics: Physical Analysis Of Factors Affecting The Stability Of A Seasonal Continental Snowpack, James Frankenfield

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Each section in this paper is intended to be as independent as possible. An attempt has been made to avoid references to other sections, and in particular to equations previously used. Hopefully the reader will not find it necessary to page back and forth very much. Figures and footnotes are numbered separately for each section.

A glossary has been included to assist the reader who is unfamiliar with some of the terms used. It includes entries of a qualitative nature (e.g. 'rime', 'graupel') as well as technical terms (e.g. 'Strouhal number').

The text was prepared using Wordperfect 4.1. Certain symbols …

Applied Chaotic Dynamics: An Introduction, James Frankenfield

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

These lecture notes served as the basis for a two credit graduate level seminar offered through the USU physics department during the fall quarter of 1989. It was oriented towards graduate students in physics and engineering and assumed no mathematical background beyond introductory differential equations. All problems were attempted by the students and discussed as a group. The seminar appears to have been successful in that the students enjoyed it and learned a lot.

Survival Of Trout Strains As Affected By Limnological Parameters, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Prior work at East Canyon Reservoir, Utah indicated that adult trout are important predators of stocked juvenile rainbow trout. Brown trout, in particular, were exclusively piscivorous when th~y exceeded 185 mm standard length. Fish became increasingly important in the diet of cutthroat trout greater than 330 mm. The purpose of this study was to further document the effect of adult trout on survival of juvenile rainbow trout in mid-elevation reservoirs. Causey Reservoir was chosen because it was thought to contain large brown and cutthroat trout and had not been intensively studied during the last eight years.

Complementary Surface Characterization Of Chalcopyrite By Electron Microscopy, Electron Spectroscopy, And Optical Reflectance, P. H. Ruzakowski, P. H. Holloway, G. Remond

Scanning Microscopy

Surface oxidation of polished natural specimens of chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) at temperature between 23°C and 300°C in air has been characterized by Auger electron and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The reaction products consisted of an outer iron oxide layer and an intermediate copper rich sulfide layer. Several different oxides and sulfides were consistent with the electron spectroscopy data, so specimens were analyzed as a function of time and temperature at selected 20 μm diameter areas with an optical microreflectometer (OMR). Since the optical properties of a compound are unique, a reflectance model with three homogeneous layers was used to calculate …

Visualization And Analysis Techniques For Three Dimensional Information Acquired By Confocal Microscopy, G. J. Brakenhoff, H. T. M. Van Der Voort, M. W. Baarslag, B. Mans, J. L. Oud, R. Zwart, R. Van Driel

Scanning Microscopy

Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM) is particularly well suited for the acquisition of 3-dimensional data of microscopic objects. In the CSLM a specific volume in the object is sampled during the imaging process and the result is stored in a digital computer as a three-dimensional memory array. Optimal use of these data requires both the development of effective visual representations as well as analysis methods. In addition to the well known stereoscopic representation method a number of alternatives for various purposes are presented. When rendering in terms of solid-looking or semitransparent objects is required, an algorithm based on a simulated …

Monte Carlo Calculations Of Secondary Electron Emission, Suichu Luo, David C. Joy

Scanning Microscopy

Monte Carlo calculations of slow secondary electron (SE) generation have been performed. Construction of a model for SE production involves three distinct steps, determining the trajectory of the incident electron, computing the rate of secondary electron generation along the trajectory of both primary and backscattered electrons, and finally calculating the secondary electron emission by using a hybrid model of the exponential decay law and cascade process. The incident electron trajectory is computed using a plural scattering Monte Carlo model. For secondary electron generation our models take into account all possible creation processes of SE resulting from the interaction of primary …

Dynamic Analyses Of Lymphoblast Membranes Exposed To Alpha Interferon Using Flow Cytometry And Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching, E. Balint, A. Aszalos, P. S. Pine, P. M. Grimley

Scanning Microscopy

Interferons represent a major group of the biologic response modifiers which exert multipotent effects upon cell growth, cytodifferentiation and immune functions. Previous experimental studies with alpha interferon (IFN-𝝰) have suggested that modulation of transmembrane signaling could be a critical determinant in the bioregulatory diversity. To determine whether any initial changes at the plasma membrane would directly correlate with one or more actions of IFN-𝝰, we investigated cultures of Daudi lymphoblasts which are uniquely susceptible to growth inhibition. Complementary biophysical techniques were applied. In one approach, changes in plasma membrane ion flux were measured by flow cytometry, using a fluorescent dye …

Backscattered Electrons And Their Influence On Contrast In The Scanning Electron Microscope, F. Hasselbach, H. -R. Krauss

Scanning Microscopy

The backscattered electron (BSE) induced secondaries (SE2) emerge from an area that is usually many orders of magnitude larger than the area in which the impinging primary probe releases secondary electrons (SE1). These SE2 secondary electrons form a) an undesired background signal in high resolution scanning micrographs and b) are responsible for the well known proximity effect in electron beam lithography. In this paper we focus our attention on the first topic exclusively: we discuss the complex influence of the SE2 on contrast in SEM micrographs (neglecting the components SE3 and SE4). We do this on the basis of our …

The Role Of Energy Deposition Processes In The Understanding Of Laser Microprobe Analysis Mechanisms, Akos Vertes, Peter Juhasz, Marc De Wolf, Renaat Gijbels

Scanning Microscopy

After emphasizing the role of local energy deposition as a common feature of many microanalytical techniques we focus our attention to laser ionization processes in mass spectrometry of solids. Enhancement of ionization in the case of high power density laser pulses can be rationalized in terms of hydrodynamic equations. The mechanism of shock wave generation and plasma ignition as well as excess energy absorption is demonstrated. Model calculations show that a one component - one dimensional (1C-1D) description can account for such important features of the laser ionization process as energy distribution of the produced ions. The role of classical …

Space-Based Tethered Array Radar (Star) - A Distributed Small Satellite Network, Philip Tomlinson, Thomas Brown, Dayamoy Chakraborty

Small Satellite Conference

The Space-Based Tethered Array Radar (STAR) concept evolved from the DoD need for an affordable, launchable, survivable, and expandable Space-Based Radar for wide-area surveillance of airborne targets and for ballistic missile defense applications. Because low-observable threats can undermine conventional large monolithic Space-Based Radar satellite designs by forcing power-aperture products (inversely proportional to target radar cross-section) so high that the resulting heavy and expensive satellite could not be built or launched, innovative solutions are needed. One such solution is the use of a tether concept which derives strength and stability by tension rather than stiffness and bulk. The tether concept avoids …

A Design Template For Gas Satellite Payloads, Daniel Sakoda

Small Satellite Conference

The Naval Postgraduate School has designed a small, low cost, general purpose satellite bus, ORION. An investigation of the structural requirements has been done for ORION as an extended Get Away Special (GAS) canister payload. The structure must be able to withstand the design limit load of 6.0 g's acceleration in ± X and ± Y, and a limit load of 10.0 g's in the ± Z. The structure must also have modal vibration greater than 35 Hz. A finite element analysis in linear bending considers an aluminum stiffened cylinder with two equipment plates and a top plate. Considerable weight …

Application Of Raman Spectroscopy To Small Satellites In Exploring Solar Bodies, James Cantrell, Greg Mccurdy

Small Satellite Conference

Raman Spectroscopy is an active remote sensing method that can map planetary mineral and chemical abundances and their distributions. Raman spectroscopy can also be used to study the chemical composition of various planetary atmospheres. The remote raman technique utilizes a low power laser to stimulate raman scattering at the substance and a spectrometer receives the returned raman spectrum at the spacecraft. The returned spectrum contains the shifts in frequency, shifted from that of the incident laser light, that are characteristic of the substance. The intensity of the raman spectrum lines is proportional to the amount of the substance present. Thus, …

Optimal Conjunctive Use-Sustained Yield Pumping Analysis For Eastern Arkansas, Rosalinda R.A. Cantiller, Richard C. Peralta, Hossein Azarmnia

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The likelihood that irrigated agricultural acreages will increase in eastern Arkansas is high. This results from favorable agricultural soils, climate, and the availability of significant water resources.

Double-Axis Rotary Shadowing For High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy, R. Hermann, J. Pawley, T. Nagatani, M. Müller

Scanning Microscopy

Thin continuous metal coatings and a scanning electron microscope-generated spot size in the range of the visualized particles, are necessary prerequisites if one hopes to extract high-resolution topographic information in the scanning electron microscope. Chemical fixation and dehydration in organic solvents at room temperature lead to severe ultrastructural artifacts which can be avoided by cryofixation and freeze-drying of the specimen. 0.9 to 2.7 nm thick homogeneous layers of chromium and germanium can be deposited onto the surface of cryofixed and freeze-dried specimens at high sub-zero temperatures by electron beam evaporation using "double-axis rotary shadowing". Theoretical calculations of the layer geometry …

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Studies Of Isotope Effect In Diffusion, U. Södervall, H. Odelius, A. R. E. Lodding

Scanning Microscopy

The mass effect of diffusion is of interest in connection with interactions between defects and impurities and with the mechanisms of atomic displacements in the condensed states. The delineation entails the precise measurement of the isotope ratio as function of tracer concentration, varying within several orders of magnitude along the diffusion profile. The measurement by SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry), using stable isotopes, has proved to possess advantages compared to familiar techniques with radiotracers. However, the aims require the utmost counting economy and optimal precision available in SIMS, including the control of the mass fractionation and of some features peculiar …

Defect Detection And Thickness Mapping Of Passivation Layers On Integrated Circuits Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis And Image Processing Techniques, Richard G. Sartore

Scanning Microscopy

The relative thickness of passivation layers has been mapped for integrated circuits by utilizing the penetration voltage method, in conjunction with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), to detect defects and map film thickness. The thickness mapping technique was evaluated for area coverage and correlated to size of defective areas. The purpose of this study was to determine optimal operational conditions for fast and accurate defect detection on an integrated circuit for failure analysis and non-destructive process evaluation. Image processing was required to enhance the acquired map and to obtain a calibrated image for relative …

Studies Of Intestinal Lymphoid Tissue. Xi – The Immunopathology Of Cell-Mediated Reactions In Gluten Sensitivity And Other Enteropathies, Michael N. Marsh

Scanning Microscopy

Computerised image-analysis was used to quantitate small intestinal mucosae from celiac sprue and dermatitis herpetiformis patients, Gambian children with tropical-sprue-like malabsorption, first-degree celiac sprue relatives, and treated celiac sprue patients during challenge with a peptic-tryptic digest of gluten. A wide range of mucosal appearances was observed. Typically, 'flat' lesions (Type 2) revealed a reduced number of epithelial lymphocytes that were large and mitotically active. At the other extreme, mucosal architecture was relatively well preserved (Type 1) but surface epithelium contained an expanded population of small, non-mitotic lymphocytes, with or without crypt hyperplasia. Similar changes were observed in one-third of celiac …

Thermodynamics Analysis Of Refrigeration, Joe Lam

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

In this term paper, I will look indepth at refrigeration. Refrigeration is a rather long and complex topic. Therefore, I will only discuss it as detail as conditions permit. As for the parts where minute details required, I will refer you to the selected references. In discussing refrigeration, I will first look at the Carnot cycle as a fundamental issue for refrigeration.

National List Of Plant Species That Occur In Wetlands: Intermountain (Region 8), Porter B. Reed, Jr., National Ecology Research Center

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

The National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands represents the combined efforts of many biologists over the last decade to define the wetland flora of the United States. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service initially developed the list in order to provide an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (FWS/OBS 79/31) to assist in the field identification of wetlands. Plant species that occur in wetlands, as used in the National List are defined as species that have demonstrated an ability to achieve maturity and reproduce in an environment where all or …

Maximal Rank-One Spaces Of Matrices Over Chain Semirings, Daniel Joseph Scully

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Vectors and matrices over the Boolean (0,1) semiring have been studied extensively along with their applications to graph theory. The Boolean (0,1) semiring has been generalized to a class of semirings called chain semirings. This class includes the fuzzy interval. Vectors and matrices over chain semirings are examined. Rank-1 sets of vectors are defined and characterized. These rank-1 sets of vectors are then used to construct spaces of matrices (rank-1 spaces) with the property that all nonzero matrices in the space have semiring rank equal to 1. Finally, three classes of maximal (relative to containment) rank-1 spaces are identified.

Morphometric Variation In Accipiter Hawks With Emphasis On Western North America, Jeff P. Smith

Biology

Measurements from more than 5,000 Sharp-shinned Hawks, Accipiter striatus, Cooper's Hawks, A. cooperii,, and Northern Goshawks, A. gentilis, trapped on the Goshute Mountains of eastern Nevada, were compiled. New species identification and sexing criteria were derived for accipiters in western North America. Goshute migrants averaged proportionately the longest wings and tails but weighed Jess than migrants from Marin Headlands, CA, Cedar Grove, WI, and Cape May Point, NJ. Interior migrants averaged less weight and longer wings and tails than coastal migrants. It is suggested that low flight-loading might be adaptive for migrating long distances, inhabiting open country, or …

Maternal, Obstetric, And Neonatal Correlates Of Short-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcome In Newborn Infants With Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Richard Elghammer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The attempt to identify risk factors or correlates of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has been constrained by conflicting research findings, changing hypotheses about the etiology of IVH, and by the exceedingly complex nature of this neurological disorder. In addition, few studies have investigated the possibility that antenatal factors might predispose the infant to IVH. Thus, research aimed at identifying IVH correlates from all time periods in which stress could occur to the neonate needs to be undertaken. This study was conducted for the purpose of identifying and quantifying correlates of IVH by constructing an interactive statistical model to predict the occurrence, …

Comparison Of Bootstrap With Other Tests For Several Distributions, Yu-Yu Wong

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper discusses results of a computer simulation to investigate several different tests when sampling several distributions. The hypothesis H₀: μ=0 was tested against H₀: μ≠0, using the usual t-test, trimmed t-test, the Jackkinfe, the Bootstrap and signed-rank test. The p-values and empirical power show that the Bootstrap is as good as the t-test. The Jackknife procedure is too liberal, always obtaining small p-values. The signed-rank is a fairly good test if the data follows the Cauchy Distribution.

Nitrogen And Energy Budgets Of Production Ewes On Summer Range In Southwestern Utah, John W. Halpop

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nitrogen (N) and energy budgets for free-roaming ewes were quantified on mountain summer range in southwestern Utah in 1986 and 1987. Diet quality (%N), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and energy were estimated with the use of five esophageally fistulated ewes. Excretion rates of N and energy to feces and urine were measured by total collection from five nonfistualted ewes.

Total intake N(gN/(MBW*d^-1) tracked intraseasonal changes of dietary N percent but was apparently buffered by fluctuations in dry matter intake. In each year, total urine N was closely related to dietary N concentration, r²=0.97 (1986) …

Parameter Estimation For Generalized Pareto Distribution, Der-Chen Lin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The generalized Pareto distribution was introduced by Pickands (1975). Three methods of estimating the parameters of the generalized Pareto distribution were compared by Hosking and Wallis (1987). The methods are maximum likelihood, method of moments and probability-weighted moments.

An alternate method of estimation for the generalized Pareto distribution, based on least square regression of expected order statistics (REOS), is developed and evaluated in this thesis. A Monte Carlo comparison is made between this method and the estimating methods considered by Hosking and Wallis (1987). This method is shown to be generally superior to the maximum likelihood, method of moments and …

Overall Life Satisfaction Of Ileostomates: Conventional Brooke Ileostomy Versus Modified Kock Pouch, Sandra Sisson Briscoe

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze various aspects of quality of life and to determine if there is a difference in quality of life offered by a conventional ileostomy versus a continent ileostomy.

An instrument was developed to measure several factors thought to influence quality of life as well as several structural/demographic variables. This instrument was designed for persons with a conventional ileostomy and was modified for persons who had undergone conversion surgery from conventional to continent ileostomy.

Analysis of variance was performed to determine differences in quality of life for persons with a conventional, conversion, or original …

Quaternary Geology And Tectonic Geomorphology Of The Pocatello Valley Area, Idaho-Utah, John D. Garr

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Pocatello Valley in southeastern Idaho and northern Utah is a structural and topographic basin bounded on all sides by mountains composed of Paleozoic platform carbonates and elastics. In the late Pleistocene it contained pluvial Lake Utaho, which, prior to 1981, was considered to have been an arm of Lake Bonneville. This study corroborates the finding of Currey (1981) that the two lakes were separate.

The Quaternary deposits examined in this study are divided into two broad groups: those that were deposited prior to the last pluvial lake cycle, and those that were deposited during and after the pluvial lake maximum, …

Shadow Pattern Simulator, Roberto A. Brown

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This paper describes an interactive computer program that can be used as a design tool in assessing the shading effects of trees in relation to buildings. The program determines the area and position of the shadow cast by a tree or group of trees on a surface of a building which can have any orientation. The program outputs numerical and graphical hourly results at any time of the day, for any day of the year, at any location on the earth, for any relative positioning between the tree and building, and estimates percent irradiation reductions on building surfaces resulting from …

Structure-Activity Relationships Of Retinoids In Developmental Toxicology, W. Brian Howard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The teratogenic potency of retinoid analogs was determined in Syrian hamsters and compared to the teratogenic potency of all-trans-retinoic acid (all-trans-RA, ED₅₀ = 10.5 mg/kg). A total of 15 analogs having variations in the cyclohexene ring were evaluated following various amounts of single oral doses on day 8 of gestation. Retinoids containing a five- or six-membered ring were as teratogenic as all-trans-RA, provided they had sufficient lipophilic substituents on the ring. The same pattern emerged for retinoids that had six-membered aromatic ring substitution for the natural cyclohexene ring of vitamin A. Incorporation of a supplementary …