Digital Commons Network^™

A Cooperative Approach To Resolving A Marmot Damage Problem In An Urban Recreational Site, Layne R. Bangerter

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The United States Army Corps of Engineers (COE) requested that USDA, APHIS, Animal Damage Control (ADC) investigate methods of yellowbelly marmot (Mannota tlaviventris) removal along a parkway and levee system in Lewiston, Idaho. COE biologists determined that burrowing marmots had penetrated and were compromising the integrity of the levee core. In addition to protecting downtown Lewiston from flooding, the levee is used as a popular bicycle and foot path. The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), and other groups and individuals became involved at meetings held to discuss potential methods of resolving the problem. ADC in cooperation …

Long-Term Trial Of An Inflatable Effigy Scare Device Or Repelling Cormorants From Catfish Ponds, Allen R. Stickley Jr., Junior O. King

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Growing winter populations of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) over the past decade have caused serious depredation problems for commercial channel catfish (lctalurus punctatus) growers in the Mississippi Delta (Stickley and Andrews 1989). Stickley et al. (1992) found that cormorants allowed to feed without hindrance took an average of 5 catfish fingerlings per foraging hour, but at times took as many as 28 fingerlings per hour. Obviously, growers have to repel these birds or suffer heavy losses where the cormorants are feeding on catfish fingerlings and not gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) as they at times …

Utah Science Vol. 54 No. 3, Fall 1993

Utah Science

66 USU Aids Search for "Common Ground"

67 New Roles for a Contemporary Land Grant University

71 Fees on Public Lands: Not all Users Pay A Fair Share

75 In the Short Term, Grim Prospects for Extractive Industries in Utah

79 Public Lands Often Not the Key to Rural Economic Development

83 Research in Brief

87 Recipient of 1993 Land Grant Hall of Fame Award

88 Panelists Endorse Objectivity as USU Goal

93 Wilderness Designation: Economic Effects Often Depend on Legal Definitions

98 Cattle Displaced from Rangeland May Find a Home on Irrigated Pastures

Contributions Of Electron Microscopy To The Study Of The Hypertrophic Scar And Related Lesions, C. Ward Kischer

Scanning Microscopy

Prior to 1969, only one study of the hypertrophic scar had been done using electron microscopy, and that one used electron diffraction. Since that time, studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been integral in establishing not only the characteristics of this lesion but in formulating the reasons why the scar develops and how it resolves. The first SEM studies demonstrated a homogeneous, dense dermal matrix which supported the conclusion that the hypertrophic scar and keloid reflected excess collagen. These same studies were integral in identifying the collagen nodule as the basic anatomical unit of …

Step Integration To Taurus First Flight Payload Launch Processing, Stephen Nichols, Don Turner

Small Satellite Conference

The first flight of the Orbital Sciences Corp. (OSC) TAURUS launch vehicle is with a space vehicle developed by TRW and DSI under the Air Force Space Test Experiment Program (STEP) that contains several scientific experiments. The experiments have a demanding cleanliness requirement; the satellite requires status monitoring and battery maintenance during launch operations. OSC developed the TAURUS launch vehicle in response to the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) Standard Small Launch Vehicle (SSLV) program. The Taurus system is composed of a flight vehicle and ground support equipment designed for easy transportability and rapid setup and launch on an unimproved …

Conestoga Launch Services, Jack Koletty

Small Satellite Conference

no abstract available

The Geosat Follow-On (Gfo) Altimeter, D.M. Walker, R.D. Crowley, J.R. Dobrzanski

Small Satellite Conference

The NAVY GEOSAT Mission (1985-1990) demonstrated the ability of an altimeter equipped satellite to provide global measurements of mesoscale ocean features with 3 centimeter precision. The GEOSAT radar altimeter, developed by JHU/APL, was an enormous success. Built with early 1980's technology, the GEOSAT altimeter weighed 191 pounds and consumed 146 watts. The GFO radar altimeter, under development by E-Systems Inc., will achieve the GEOSAT measurement capability, but at one-third the weight and one-half the power (48 pounds, excluding antenna, and 76 watts). The GFO altimeter uses the same proven linear FM waveform, pulse repetition frequency (PRF), pulse compression technique, and …

Elastic Backscattering Lidar For A Msti Satellite, The Lidar Team

Small Satellite Conference

An elastic backscattering lidar is being built for the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) to fly on a MSTI (Miniature Seeker Technology Integration) satellite in low-earth orbit. The purpose of this payload is to demonstrate the capability of a space-based lidar on a small satellite to track Theater Ballistic Missiles (TMDS) in both the boost and post-boost phases. This is a fast-track program to design, construct, and test the lidar payload in a two-year time span. System requirements which are based on calculated and measured plume lidar data will be presented for this approximately 100 kg payload. Details of the …

The Ellipso Mobile Satellite System: An Optimum Approach For Efficient And Flexible Global Mobile Satellite Communications Service, J.W. Brosius, D. Castiel

Small Satellite Conference

Mobile Communications Holdings, Inc is in the process of developing and fielding a new, innovative, satellite-based mobile communications system which will offer global service. This system features broadband code division multiple access, simple satellites, and a constellation design that features elliptical orbits, partitionable subconstellations, and medium earth orbit altitudes. This design permits it to efficiently place satellite capability where and when it is most needed and minimize deployment of capability where and when it is little needed. This design offers a unique opportunity to deploy and operate a commercial mobile satellite system with the least and the most effective use …

Review Of Planning Distribution Model (Pdm) Status And Application Possibilities For The Egyptian Irigation System, Robert W. Hill, Richard C. Peralta, Gary P. Merkley

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The comprehensive water management Planning Distribution Model, or PDM, was developed by the Biological and Irrigation Engineering Department, Utah State University (USU), under contract with the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR). Most of the work was carried out in the Planning Sector, Ministry of Public Works and Water Resources (MPWWR) , in Cairo, under the Planning Studies and Models Component of the USAID funded Irrigation Management Systems Project.

The Calling Network: A Global Telephone Utility, Edward Tuck, David Patterson, James Stuart, Mark Lawrence

Small Satellite Conference

There is a very large demand for basic telephone service in developing nations, and remote parts of industrialized nations, which cannot be met by conventional wireline and cellular systems. This is the world's largest unserved market. We describe a system which uses recent advances in active phased arrays, fast-packet switching technology, adaptive routing, and light spacecraft technology, in part based on the work of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and on recently-declassified work done on the Strategic Defense Initiative, to make it possible to address this market with a global telephone network based on a large low-Earth-orbit constellation of identical satellites. …

Skipper: An American-Russian Space Effort, L.C. Howlett, J. Cantrell, G.A. Popov, G.V. Malyshev, I.N. Goroshkov

Small Satellite Conference

In an experiment that seeks not only scientific information but information about how two very different cultures can work together, the Skipper satellite project is a ground-breaking partnership between Russian and American scientists that will explore the physical mechanisms that produce spacecraft optical emissions. Built jointly by the Americans and Russians, the satellite will be integrated with a Russian Molnia rocket and launched from the Bakinor space center in Kazakhstan. The origins of this unusual project, how its design evolved to meet time and funding constraints, and how the satellite will operate in space are the subject of this paper.

The Miniature Sensor Technology Integration Program: An Overview, Jason Feig, Richard Matlock, Major Scott Yeakel

Small Satellite Conference

The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization Technology Deputate's Miniature Sensor Technology Integration (MSTI) program was established to test in realistic operational scenarios, BMDO developed miniature sensors for missile detection and tracking on low cost, rapidly built and deployed low-earth orbit satellites. With the first MSTI mission launched less than a year after it was initiated, BMDO plans include launching 2-3 satellites per year throughout the five year defense plan. The near term direction of the MSTI program is to perform on-orbit functional demonstration of integrated sensor technologies that support theater missile launch detection and tracking. Embodying a "build a little, test …

Iowa Satellite Project, Leverne Seversike

Small Satellite Conference

With a few exceptions, satellite systems to date have been large and expensive. Over the past decade, there has been a growing interest in small, inexpensive satellites built and operated by universities to provide students with a 'hands on' engineering experience. It was decided that the university would design, build, and operate a satellite called ISAT-1. The primary mission of ISAT-1 is to provide a broad educational experience to Iowa citizens of all age groups and educational backgrounds. The requirements of the project are that ISAT-1 must be a small, inexpensive satellite that can be launched by mid-1996, have an …

Overview Of The Scd1/Pegasus Mission, Jaime Fernandez, Carlos Santana

Small Satellite Conference

An overview of the third operational Pegasus mission, carrying the Brazilian Satelite de Coleta de Dados 1 (SCD1) satellite is presented. Developed by INPE, the 250 Ib, spin stabilized satellite will perform real time repeating of environmental data gathered by automatic ground stations throughout Brazil. The target orbit, 405 nm (750 km) at 25 deg inclination, was chosen to provide coverage of the entire Brazilian territory. A review of the SCD1 design, development and testing highlights the effectiveness of lightsat philosophy complemented by pc-based check-out and control equipment. A six month schedule from go-ahead to launch was achieved in spite …

Gro-Sat: The Development Of An Extended Life Support System For Plants In Microgravity, Kathleen Blizard, Robert Jacobs, Kathryn Chevalier, Brenda Paul

Small Satellite Conference

The effects of a microgravity environment on the entire life cycle of plants is not yet fully understood. A conceptual design for the payload of a Get Away Special canister has been developed to implement a complete life support system for plants. This small satellite is a closed system that must maintain plant life for at least three months. It consists of an innovative lighting system and a complete plant nutrient delivery system. The use of hardware to limit long-term contamination of the nutrient solution in the closed system as well as other considerations are discussed. The design, based on …

Ascorbic Acid Is An Abettor In Calcium Urolithiasis: An Experimental Study, P. P. Singh, R. Kiran, A. K. Pendse, Reeta Ghosh, S. S. Surana

Scanning Microscopy

Two sets of animal experiments using guinea pigs were planned to evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on the lithogenic process. In the first set of experiments, 10, 40, and 60 mg doses of ascorbic acid/100g body weight/day were given for 105 days. Neither of the ascorbic acid doses given induced crystalluria, calcification or stone formation, thereby confirming our previous findings that ascorbic acid in the doses used by clinicians does not cause urolith formation. In the second set of experiments, ascorbic acid was supplemented in hypercalciuric (induced by calcium carbonate feeding) and hyperoxaluric (induced by sodium oxalate feeding) …

The Interaction Between Nephrocalcin And Tamm-Horsfall Proteins With Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate, Sergio Deganello

Scanning Microscopy

Studies of crystals of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) grown by vapor diffusion from solutions contain-ing 5.1 x 10^-7, 1.5 x 10^-6, and 1.0 x 10^-5 M nephrocalcin (NC), indicate that NC profoundly affects COD's habit, size and structure. The decrease in COD size is such that at 1.0 x 10^-5 M NC, the dimensions of the crystals are reduced about five-fold with respect to those of a NC-free control. In addition, the planes of the {101} form disappear, the original habit is lost, and the diffraction pattern deteriorates to such an extent that only …

Record Of Decision Utah Power & Light/American Barrel Site Salt Lake City, Utah, United States Environmental Protection Agency

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This decision document presents the selected remedial action for the Utah Power & Light American Barrel Site in Salt Lake City, Utah, which was chosen in accordance with the requirements of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), as amended by Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), and, to the extent practicable, the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). This decision is based on the administrative record for this site. The Utah Department of Environmental Quality concurs with the remedy selected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Utah Science Vol. 54 No. 2, Summer 1993

Utah Science

38 The Utah Climate Center

48 Program Provides Information About Benefits of Pesticide Use

49 Research in Brief

24 Gender and Housework: Traditional Roles Persist

60 Families Still Share Some Meals

62 The Role of the Land Grant University in Management of Public Lands-Land Grant Days 1993

Evaluation Of Erbium:Yag Laser Radiation Of Hard Dental Tissues: Analysis Of Temperature Changes, Depth Of Cuts And Structural Effects, A. F. Paghdiwala, T. K. Vaidyanathan, M. F. Paghdiwala

Scanning Microscopy

Temperature elevations, depths of cuts and structural changes produced by 2.94 micron pulsed Erbium:YAG laser radiation of hard dental tissues, at different power levels and exposure times of the laser, were studied. The depth of cut produced was found to vary significantly as a function of power level and exposure time on dry teeth. The mean temperature rise with laser radiation was also influenced both by power level and time of exposure. The effect of water flow on the teeth during laser exposure was evaluated; the results indicate that the ablation efficiency was better, temperature elevations lower and structural changes …

Specimen Preparation And Chamber For Confocal Microscopy Of The Ex Vivo Eye, Barry R. Masters

Scanning Microscopy

A chamber is described for maintaining the mechanical and physiological stability of the ex vivo eye during observation with confocal microscopy. The mechanical stability is provided by a plastic ring situated on the limbal region of the eye. The ring and supporting chamber are designed to reduce mechanical motion of the specimen. The ring and chamber size vary with the species and size of the eye under examination. The physiological stability over a period of approximately one hour is provided by immersing the eye in a bicarbonate Ringer's solution that is exchanged every five minutes. This fluid exchange is made …

Japanese Investment In United States Securities: 1980-1985, Eric F. Hinton

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

This paper will deal with the topic of Japanese investment in United States securities during the years of 1980 - 1985. It is my contention that the vulnerable U.S. economic position created an opportunity for Japan to exercise political leverage over the U.S. to affect U.S. policy toward Japan. This paper will outline general and specific hypotheses, a discussion of the case and an explanation of possible methodology.

Protein Inhibitors Of Calcium Salt Crystal Growth In Saliva, Bile And Pancreatic Juice, J. M. Verdier, B. Dussol, Y. Berland, J. C. Dagorn

Scanning Microscopy

The control of the formation of crystals in biological fluids is one of the most exciting field of research involving both organic and biochemical areas. Many organisms have evolved mechanisms which minimize or avoid the effects of nucleation and crystal growth formation. One of the most important mechanism is the interaction of specific proteins, called inhibitors, with crystals which alters their habits and leads to their elimination. This article, focused on saliva, pancreatic juice and bile, reviews our present knowledge on the structure-function relationships existing between these proteins and their ability to inhibit the growth of different calcium salt crystals.

Energy-Filtering Transmission Electron Microscopy Of Biological Specimens, W. C. De Bruijn, C. W. J. Sorber, E. S. Gelsema, A. L. D. Beckers, J. F. Jongkind

Scanning Microscopy

By energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) electrons can be separated by their energy losses. An electron-energy filter, added to the microscope column allows the measurement of the energy distribution of transmitted electrons that have lost energy (< 2,000 eV, with an energy resolution of ~ 1 eV). These filtered electrons, recorded either as a spectrum or as an image, are composed of two parts superimposed on top of each other: (a) the unspecific energy-loss population (= the continuum) and (b) the specific element-related energy-loss population (= the edges). At the edges, electron data in spectra and images are mathematically processed, to obtain the desired element-related net-intensity values or images. These data are related to the total transmitted electron intensity, from the zero-and low-loss spectral region giving the relative spectral-or image intensity ratios (^SR*_x, ^IR*_x), which can be related to the element concentration. The acquisition of the zero-loss and low-loss data is hampered by the restricted dynamic range of the TV camera. By improvements through the introduction of calibrated attenuation filters in the optical path to the TV-camera, more reliable values for ^SR*_x and ^IR*_x can …

A Cationic Protein From A Urate-Calcium Oxalate Stone: Isolation And Purification Of A Shared Protein, J. P. Binette, M. B. Binette

Scanning Microscopy

A protein extracted from a urate - calcium oxalate stone by electrodialysis is also excreted in the urine which served as the source material for its purification by FPLC after separation on an ACA44 column. It has an amino acid composition appropriate for a cationic protein. One peptide obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage has significant (approximately 60%) homology with CD59 protein (protectin). Both proteins have wide distribution, the unknown having been found in bile, cholesterol gallstones, and the wall of the aorta. However, the two proteins appear to be immunologically different.

Comparative Aspects Of Splenic Microcirculatory Pathways In Mammals: The Region Bordering The White Pulp, E. E. Schmidt, I. C. Macdonald, A. C. Groom

Scanning Microscopy

Splenic microcorrosion casts prepared using minimal volumes of material show that most of the flow passes through the region bordering the white pulp. However, the nature of these microcirculatory pathways has received little attention. We have studied these in dog, cat, rat, mouse, and normal versus diseased human spleens. In all 5 species, a marginal sinus (MS) of anastomosing vascular spaces 5-10 μm thick lies between the white pulp and marginal zone (MZ). The morphology differs between species and the MS is absent in immune thrombocytopenia. The MS fills by circumferential flow before blood passes outward to the MZ. Many …

The Syringomycins: Finding Their Role In Nature, Jon Takemoto

Faculty Honor Lectures

About ten years ago, I began looking for a research problem in the field of plant-microbe interactions. As the name implies, this is the study of how plants and microorganisms associate-either for their mutual benefit or at the expense of one partner. An example is symbiotic nitrogen fixation between leguminous plants and root-colonizing bacteria. Both benefit-the plant gains nitrogen in a useful form and the bacteria gain nutrients and protection. A better understanding of a plant-microbe interaction system could be used to benefit agriculture. For example, boosting nitrogen fixation would mean less petroleum-derived nitrogen fertilizers. These interactive biological systems and …

Insights, Spring, 1993, Utah State University

Discovery Magazine

Bi-annual alumni newsletter for the College of Science of Utah State University in Logan.

Growth And Water Relations Of Liquidambar Styraciflua L In An Urban Park And Plaza, Roger Kjelgren, James R. Clark

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Growth and water relations of 10-year-old sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) street trees were studied in sites with low and high potential evapotranspiration to determine how these differences are integrated by growth and water relations over time. The trees were located in the parking strip between the curb and sidewalk at a partially vegetated urban park and an urban plaza in Seattle, Washington. Crown size, and seasonal and diurnal stomatal conductance and water potential, as well as diurnal air temperature and humidity, were measured over 2 growing seasons. Yearly trunk growth since transplanting was measured from increment cores. Vapor pressure …