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Challenges Of Implementing The Double-Crested Cormorant Environmental Impact Statement, Kristina Casscles Godwin, Tommy King, Peter Butchko, Richard Chipman Apr 2003

Challenges Of Implementing The Double-Crested Cormorant Environmental Impact Statement, Kristina Casscles Godwin, Tommy King, Peter Butchko, Richard Chipman

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Double-crested cormorant populations have increased over the last 20 years within the continental United States. Problems associated with this increase include impacts to commercial aquaculture, damage to property, vegetation, recreational fisheries, and natural resources, as well as concerns over inter-specific competition. Implementation of the forthcoming Environmental Impact Statement for the management of double-crested cormorants will be a monumental task. Several state and federal agencies, along with private citizens and various interest groups will have parts to play. USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services is expected to have a large part in the implementation of the plan. We discuss the proposed actions to be taken …

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Oral Rabies Vaccination: Unresolved Issues And Data Gaps, Dennis Slate, Thomas Decker Apr 2003

Oral Rabies Vaccination: Unresolved Issues And Data Gaps, Dennis Slate, Thomas Decker

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) represents a potential wildlife management tool that may be applied to contain and perhaps eliminate specific rabies virus variants that persist in several terrestrial carnivore species in the U.S. Increasingly greater use of ORV in the U.S. since 1997 has sparked discussion within the wildlife profession regarding need, cost and effectiveness, as well as the potential for wildlife management and ecological impacts. We identify and present ORV-related issues and data gaps of concern to wildlife managers that should be addressed through research, rabies surveillance and population monitoring.

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Beaver Population Size Estimation In Mississippi, Seth R. Swafford, Dale L. Nolte, Kris Godwin, Charles A. Sloan, Jeanne Jones Apr 2003

Beaver Population Size Estimation In Mississippi, Seth R. Swafford, Dale L. Nolte, Kris Godwin, Charles A. Sloan, Jeanne Jones

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Methods to better quantify beaver (Castor canadensis) population size need to be developed to assist in the direct control methods being implemented by Wildlife Services. Many state game and fish departments rely on lodge counts, cache counts, or fur harvest reports to estimate a statewide or regional population of beaver. However, Wildlife Services is concerned with estimating population size on a per site basis to assist in estimating project costs and to minimize the number of non-target captures. Six sites in Mississippi were selected to test various methods of population estimation. Various methods included indexing population size based on the …

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Characteristics Of Spring And Fall Blackbird Roosts In The Northern Great Plains, George M. Linz, Richard S. Sawin, Mark W. Lutman, H. Jeffrey Homan, Linda B. Penry, William J. Bleier Apr 2003

Characteristics Of Spring And Fall Blackbird Roosts In The Northern Great Plains, George M. Linz, Richard S. Sawin, Mark W. Lutman, H. Jeffrey Homan, Linda B. Penry, William J. Bleier

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

To successfully reduce blackbird (Icteridae) damage to sunflower crops in the northern Great Plains, wildlife damage managers must be able to identify sites where large roosts could form in spring and fall. In 1998 and 1999, we measured several habitat and land-use characteristics of spring and fall blackbird roosts. Our objective was to quantify the relationship between roost formation and wetland habitat and land-use. We used data from 7 spring roosts and 12 fall blackbird roosts to set search guidelines that might increase the efficacy of locating potential roost sites in the Prairie Pothole Region of the northern Great Plains. …

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Charismatic Mega-Fauna Or Vermin Vertebrate - Where Are You?, Gary J. San Julian Apr 2003

Charismatic Mega-Fauna Or Vermin Vertebrate - Where Are You?, Gary J. San Julian

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Wildlife populations throughout much of the United States were decimated by the end of the 1800s. Many states established game agencies to protect wildlife and generate revenue through the sale of hunting licenses. These efforts were successful, populations grew, and citizens enjoyed seeing the large herbivores and camivores--the charismatic mega-fauna. In the past, most citizens and students had some tie with the farming community. Today's students often lack that link to the land and hunting. Wildlife agencies and universities are looking at ways to improve young professionals' understanding of the role hunting plays in management. Citizens that once left their …

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Efficacy Of Zinc Phosphide For Controlling Norway Rats, Roof Rats, House Mice, Peromyscus Spp., Prairie Dogs And Ground Squirrels: A Literature Review (1942-2000), John D. Eisemann, Brett E. Petersen, Kathleen A. Fagerstone Apr 2003

Efficacy Of Zinc Phosphide For Controlling Norway Rats, Roof Rats, House Mice, Peromyscus Spp., Prairie Dogs And Ground Squirrels: A Literature Review (1942-2000), John D. Eisemann, Brett E. Petersen, Kathleen A. Fagerstone

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Zinc phosphide has been used as a control agent for commensal rodents for over 60 years. Studies utilizing zinc phosphide as a population control agent were gathered and summarized to determine its efficacy when baiting the Norway rat, roof rat, house mouse, Peromyscus spp., prairie dog and ground squirrel. Efficacy information was abundant for rats, squirrels, and prairie dogs. However, efficacy data for baiting mice with zinc phosphide was limited. Overall the data show that in both laboratory and field testing, control levels of greater than 70% can be achieved for commensal rodent pests. Bait acceptance appeared to be the …

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The Role Of Wildlife In Human And Animal Disease, John R. Fischer, Richard W. Gerhold Apr 2003

The Role Of Wildlife In Human And Animal Disease, John R. Fischer, Richard W. Gerhold

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Strategies to assess and reduce risk associated with disease agents in wild animals must be based upon thorough knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease agent, specific local information, and other factors. Risk evaluation and management efforts will involve organizations with differing expertise and cooperation will be essential between wildlife management, public health, and domestic animal health agencies. Risk reduction strategies may be based upon manipulation of the disease agent, the host, the environment, and/or human activities. Management of human activity, particularly the promotion of biosecurity, may be the most efficient strategy because other measures are more difficult and expensive. …

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Mycobacterial Diseases In Wildlife, Gary Witmer, Thomas Deliberto, Kurt Vercauteren, Peter Butchko Apr 2003

Mycobacterial Diseases In Wildlife, Gary Witmer, Thomas Deliberto, Kurt Vercauteren, Peter Butchko

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Mycobacterium infections occur in numerous wildlife species worldwide and this bacterial genus can also cause disease in humans and livestock. Two Mycobacterium species and one subspecies that infect wildlife are important from a wildlife damage management perspective. Mycobacterium avium, avian tuberculosis, is a ubiquitous and cosmopolitan disease of wild and domestic birds. Wild and domestic ruminants are host to M. avium paratuberculosis, also known as Johne's disease. Finally, Mycobaterium bovis, bovine tuberculosis, is primarily associated with domestic and wild bovines and ungulates, but also infects many other species of mammals. Eradicating these diseases from wildlife populations is very difficult if …

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The Ecology Of New World Rodent Borne Hemorrhagic Fevers, Darin S. Carroll, Emily Jentes, James N. Mills Apr 2003

The Ecology Of New World Rodent Borne Hemorrhagic Fevers, Darin S. Carroll, Emily Jentes, James N. Mills

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Few, if any, human settlements are free of peridomestic rodent populations. The threat of rodent borne zoonotic diseases has been widely recognized since the bubonic plague outbreaks of the Middle Ages. In the last decades, outbreaks of human disease caused by the rodent borne hemorrhagic fever viruses, the arenaviruses (family Arenaviridae), and the hantaviruses (family Bunyaviridae, genus Hantavirus) have again generated interest in the general public and scientific community regarding the biology of these types of diseases. Recent studies have identified more than 30 new members of these two groups of viruses. Most are associated with rodents in the family …

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The Wildlife Society And Wildlife Damage Management Professionals, Robert J. Warren Apr 2003

The Wildlife Society And Wildlife Damage Management Professionals, Robert J. Warren

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The Wildlife Society (TWS) recognizes wildlife-human interactions as both a challenge and an opportunity whereby we can serve the wildlife profession and human society. TWS first officially supported wildlife damage management professionals in 1959 when it created the TWS Committee on Economic Losses Caused by Vertebrates. In 1994, this committee ultimately became the TWS Wildlife Damage Management Working Group (WDMWG), whose goal is to better understand and manage the biological, ecological, social, political, legal, and economic aspects of wildlife-human interactions. The WDMWG has sponsored numerous symposia, workshops, publications, etc., all of which are designed to serve TWS, wildlife damage management …

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A Comparison Of Lethal And Non-Lethal Management Approaches To Reduce Damage Associated With Urban Crow Roosts In New York And Virginia, Richard B. Chipman, Martin S. Lowney, Kenneth J. Preusser, Dage Blixt, Allen L. Gosser Apr 2003

A Comparison Of Lethal And Non-Lethal Management Approaches To Reduce Damage Associated With Urban Crow Roosts In New York And Virginia, Richard B. Chipman, Martin S. Lowney, Kenneth J. Preusser, Dage Blixt, Allen L. Gosser

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Crow populations have steadily increased in many parts of the country since 1966. Although large winter congregations of crows in urban environments are not a new phenomenon, the number of complaints regarding damage associated with these large (2,000-20,000 individuals) roosts appears to be increasing. In an effort to assist the public in reducing impacts of urban crow roosts, USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Services in Virginia and New York implemented large-scale roost dispersal programs in the winter of 2001-2002. The goal of the programs were to manage local crow populations to minimize associated noise, accumulations of crow fecal droppings on and around …

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Devices For Vertebrate Pest Control: Are They Of Value?, Robert M. Timm Apr 2003

Devices For Vertebrate Pest Control: Are They Of Value?, Robert M. Timm

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Electromagnetic, sonic, and ultrasonic devices claiming effectiveness in controlling rodents and other pests have seen resurgence in the marketplace. Laboratory and field tests of such devices have generally failed to show they are effective, despite advertising claims. Rodent burrow exploders have been marketed for use against pocket gophers, ground squirrels, prairie dogs, and other burrowing rodents since the 1980s. Field tests indicate these exploders are expensive to use and typically provide unacceptably low efficacy. Vehicle-mounted devices to scare deer off roadways, with many claiming to generate ultrasonic sound, have been widely sold. Studies reveal that deer are unable to hear …

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Management Of Rodent Populations At Airports, Gary W. Witmer, Jessica W. Fantinato Apr 2003

Management Of Rodent Populations At Airports, Gary W. Witmer, Jessica W. Fantinato

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Birds pose serious hazards at U.S. airports because of the potential for collisions with aircraft. Raptors, in particular, are hazardous to aircraft safety due to their size, hunting behavior, and hovering /soaring habits. Reduction of rodent populations at an airport may decrease raptor populations in the area and therefore, reduce the risk that raptors pose to aircraft. Rodent populations can be reduced by population management (i.e., use of rodenticides) or by habitat management (i.e., vegetation management, barriers, and land uses) that reduces the area's carrying capacity for rodents. We discuss potential approaches to reduce rodent populations at airports within the …

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Eradication Of A Bovine Tuberculosis-Positive Captive Cervid Herd In Northeast Michigan, Peter H. Butchko, Anthony G. Duffiney, Jr., Andrew J. Montoney Apr 2003

Eradication Of A Bovine Tuberculosis-Positive Captive Cervid Herd In Northeast Michigan, Peter H. Butchko, Anthony G. Duffiney, Jr., Andrew J. Montoney

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In December 1997, bovine tuberculosis was detected in a white-tailed deer taken at a commercial deer hunting ranch in Presque Isle County, Michigan. Since captive cervidae are considered agricultural livestock in Michigan, the Michigan Department of Agriculture (MDA) ordered the depopulation of the herd. In 1998, USDA, Wildlife Services (WS) entered into a cooperative agreement with MDA to depopulate the herd from the ranch. The facility covered approximately 1500 ac of natural vegetation, including 400 ac of dense cedar swamp. The captive herd was thought to contain approximately 600 animals, most of which were white-tailed deer. This project presented two …

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Feral Swine---Are They A Disease Threat To Livestock In The United States?, Gary W. Witmer, Robert B. Sanders, Arnold C. Taft Apr 2003

Feral Swine---Are They A Disease Threat To Livestock In The United States?, Gary W. Witmer, Robert B. Sanders, Arnold C. Taft

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Feral swine populations provide both benefits and liabilities to citizens of the United States. Their expanding range and increasing densities, however, have raised concern over the adverse environmental and agricultural effects and the increased risk of disease transmission between feral swine and livestock. We discuss the role of feral swine in the transmission of wildlife diseases and, in particular, in diseases of national significance to the livestock industry. We also discuss available management tools and strategies for reducing feral swine populations, minimizing damage or disease occurrences and eradicating populations when deemed appropriate. Finally, we note areas of research that may …

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Double-Crested Cormorant Impacts To Commercial And Natural Resources, Jimmy D. Taylor Ii, Brian S. Dorr Apr 2003

Double-Crested Cormorant Impacts To Commercial And Natural Resources, Jimmy D. Taylor Ii, Brian S. Dorr

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The North American population of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) has increased at an annual rate of 6.8% since 1966, with regional growth exceeding 20%/year since 1990 in Ontario and states bordering the Great Lakes. Population numbers, though operating under biological carrying capacity, have exceeded acceptance capacity with several wildlife stakeholder groups throughout Canada and the United States. Stakeholder concerns predominantly focus around social, ecological, and economic values associated with habitat destruction, changes in recreational fisheries, and loss of production at aquaculture facilities. We describe perceptible impacts to these commercial and natural resources, and discuss current research and management efforts focused …

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The Emergence Of Major Avian Diseases In North America: West Nile Virus And More, Robert G. Mclean Apr 2003

The Emergence Of Major Avian Diseases In North America: West Nile Virus And More, Robert G. Mclean

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Some major diseases of wild birds have emerged dramatically in North America recently due in part to the rapid global movement of animals and pathogens and major changes in the size, quality, and continuity of natural habitats. These diseases include invasive pathogens, emergence of new disease agents or syndromes, and reemergence of some established diseases. A prominent example is West Nile virus that invaded North America, became easily established, and has expanded throughout the continent within 4 years. A number of factors have influenced the frequency of occurrence, the variety of species affected, and the geographical extent of these emergent …

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The Use Of Toxicants In Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Management: An Overview, Gary W. Witmer, Kathleen A. Fagerstone Apr 2003

The Use Of Toxicants In Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Management: An Overview, Gary W. Witmer, Kathleen A. Fagerstone

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Black-tailed prairie dogs pose management challenges to landowners and resource managers. They are viewed as either a pest when they cause damage to vegetation or property or pose a disease hazard or, conversely, as a valuable Akeystone@ species representative of reasonably intact prairie ecosystems. When conflicts arise with prairie dog colonies, the two main options are capture and relocation or lethal removal. There are a number of vertebrate toxicants registered for field use in the United States, but few are currently registered for prairie dog control. Only one, zinc phosphide, can be applied above ground as a grain bait. The …

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Coyote-Activated Frightening Devices For Reducing Sheep Predation On Open Range, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Michael J. Lavelle, Steve Moyles Apr 2003

Coyote-Activated Frightening Devices For Reducing Sheep Predation On Open Range, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Michael J. Lavelle, Steve Moyles

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Domestic sheep ranching is an important agricultural industry in the United States and coyote (Canis latrans) depredation on lambs and ewes continues to challenge ranchers and agencies responsible for protecting sheep. Lethal methods used in controlling coyote depredation include aerial gunning, toxicants, trapping, and calling and shooting. Nonlethal methods include frightening devices, fences, livestock protection animals, and stringent husbandry practices. Ranchers and agencies responsible for controlling coyote depredation need frightening devices that are more effective than those currently available. We describe a field evaluation of 2 animal-activated frightening devices: an acoustic device and an acoustic device with a pop-up scarecrow …

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Management Of Breeding And Fall Migrating Double-Crested Cormorants In New York And Vermont - Eight Years Of Lessons Learned, James F. Farquhar, Richard B. Chipman, William J. Crenshaw, Dennis Slate, Jeremy T. H. Coleman Apr 2003

Management Of Breeding And Fall Migrating Double-Crested Cormorants In New York And Vermont - Eight Years Of Lessons Learned, James F. Farquhar, Richard B. Chipman, William J. Crenshaw, Dennis Slate, Jeremy T. H. Coleman

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Exponential growth of the Interior double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocrax auritus) breeding populations in the past 20 years has resulted in intensified conflicts with human interests. Increasing nesting populations and seasonal impacts of fall migrating cormorants in New York and Vermont have raised significant concern among fish and wildlife resource managers, stakeholders and the general public. Property damage, interspecific competition, decreased plant and animal species diversity, and predation on sport fish are the primary concerns. The need for cormorant management techniques that are effective, socially acceptable, and practical to implement at the local level remains a considerable challenge for wildlife managers in …

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A Review Of Pathogens Of Agricultural And Human Health Interest Found In Canada Geese, Larry Clark Apr 2003

A Review Of Pathogens Of Agricultural And Human Health Interest Found In Canada Geese, Larry Clark

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The roles that waterfowl in general, and Canada geese in particular, have in the dissemination and transmission of viral and bacterial diseases of human or agricultural importance are covered in this review. In addition to the biological information about the etiology of the disease, economic impacts and zoonotic potential of viral and bacterial pathogens are considered. In most cases existing evidence suggests the importance of waterfowl in disease dissemination and transmission, however, definitive data are often lacking, indicating the need for more directed studies before quantitative risk assessments can be made. Finally, a brief assessment of management options is considered.

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Teaching Wildlife Damage Management Through Service-Learning, Greg K. Yarrow Apr 2003

Teaching Wildlife Damage Management Through Service-Learning, Greg K. Yarrow

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

As human-wildlife conflicts in South Carolina continue to increase, it became evident that students in the natural resource majors at Clemson University were not receiving the proper training and exposure to wildlife damage issues and management. To address this need, an undergraduate and graduate course was developed to expose students to various techniques used to reduce human-wildlife conflicts. Other topic areas included the philosophical, sociological, ecological and economic basis for controlling damage caused by individual animals or populations of problem wildlife. The course involves a high degree of service-learning addressing human-wildlife conflict issues in South Carolina.

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Gis At The National Wildlife Research Center, Jean Bourassa, Craig Ramey, Larry Clark, John Humphrey Apr 2003

Gis At The National Wildlife Research Center, Jean Bourassa, Craig Ramey, Larry Clark, John Humphrey

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC), based in Fort Collins, CO, is the research arm for the Animal Plant and Health Inspection Service's Wildlife Services Program. Its mission is to resolve conflicts between wildlife and humans. The NWRC established a GIS (Geographic Information System) function in 1996. The relevance of GIS to two projects are featured in this poster. Project 1 was conducted in 1996 and was a joint effort between the NWRC and the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA). In this project, 60 Chinese ring-necked pheasants were radio-instrumented and their movements studied. The main goal of the …

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Utah Alert: West Nile Virus, Clell V. Bagley Dvm Apr 2003

Utah Alert: West Nile Virus, Clell V. Bagley Dvm

All Archived Publications

West Nile Virus (WNV) has killed thousands of crows and caused human and equine deaths in North America since it first appeared in New York City in 1999. It has been detected in 144 species of birds, 22 species of mosquitoes, as well as in horses, bats, cats, rabbits and other animals. Birds carry the virus and mosquitoes spread it to other birds, animals or humans. Animals, other than horses and birds, rarely show any illness from the infection.

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Class I Integrons And Sxt Elements In El Tor Strains Isolated Before And After 1992 Vibrio Cholerae O139 Outbreak, Calcutta, India, Amita Kaundal, S. Roy Chowdhury, M. Thungapathra, Thandavarayan Ramamurthy, Gopinath Balakrish Nair, Amit Gosh Apr 2003

Class I Integrons And Sxt Elements In El Tor Strains Isolated Before And After 1992 Vibrio Cholerae O139 Outbreak, Calcutta, India, Amita Kaundal, S. Roy Chowdhury, M. Thungapathra, Thandavarayan Ramamurthy, Gopinath Balakrish Nair, Amit Gosh

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

We examined the distribution of class I integrons and SXT elements in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains, isolated in Calcutta, India, before and after the V. cholerae O139 outbreak in 1992. Class I integrons, with aadA1 gene cassette, were detected primarily in the pre-O139 strains; the SXT element was found mainly in the post-O139 strains.

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Estate Planning Basics: A Vocabulary, Barbara Rowe, Christine Jensen Apr 2003

Estate Planning Basics: A Vocabulary, Barbara Rowe, Christine Jensen

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

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The Glycemic Index, Pauline Williams, Wendy Stubbs Apr 2003

The Glycemic Index, Pauline Williams, Wendy Stubbs

All Current Publications

The glycemic index is a ranking of carbohydrate containing foods. Foods are ranked according to their immediate effect on blood sugar levels. The higher a food raises blood sugar, the higher its glycemic index

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Prevented Planting, Unknown Unknown Apr 2003

Prevented Planting, Unknown Unknown

All Current Publications

No abstract provided.

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4 Months, Dorothea Cudaback Jan 2003

4 Months, Dorothea Cudaback

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

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19 Months, Dorothea Cudaback, Mary Jane Stratner-Gregory Jan 2003

19 Months, Dorothea Cudaback, Mary Jane Stratner-Gregory

All Archived Publications

No abstract provided.

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