Digital Commons Network^™

Detecting Ionospheric Disturbances Using High Frequency Coastal Radar Transmissions From The West Coast Of The United States, Riley N. Troyer, Kenneth Obenberger, Michael Negale, Eugene Dao, Zsolt Balint, Eric Burnside, Kris Robinson, Jeffrey M. Holmes, Pavel Inchin, Jonathan Snively

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

Coastal radar system are located around the world and many happen to transmit at frequencies capable of skywave propagation via the ionosphere. Therefore, they can be detected hundreds to thousands of kilometers away. This paper demonstrates the opportunity to detect 39 Coastal Ocean Dynamics Application Radar transmitters located on the western coast of the United States using three HF radio receivers in Utah and New Mexico. It also illustrates the possibility to use the phase and Doppler measurements of these signals to derive displacements of the refracting ionospheric layer up to meter resolution for the 2023 annular solar eclipse, an …

Environmental And Social Values Are Important To All Utahns, But Conservative Utahns Are More Likely To Prioritize The Economy, Sarah E. Wilson, Jessica D. Ulrich-Schad

Utah People and Environment Poll (UPEP)

In the political landscape of modern America, few would disagree that people on either end of the political spectrum exhibit differences in priorities and values. Since the 1970s, polarization between left and right-leaning individuals and decision-makers regarding environmental matters has grown significantly.¹ For example, a 2023 Gallup Poll found that 78% of liberals favored prioritizing the environment over economic concerns, compared to just 20% of conservatives - representing the largest partisan gap since Gallup began including the question in their poll in 1984.²

Nature's Medicine? The Associations Of Organized Youth Sport, Unstructured Physical Activity, And Land-Use Recreation With Children's Mental Health, Emotional Control, And Social Well-Being, Natalie Stagnone, Katherine Alexander, Kat V. Adams, Travis Dorsch

Human Development and Family Studies Student Research

Physical activity is well-established as beneficial for children’s physical and mental health, yet limited research has explored how different activity types impact psychosocial outcomes. This is a cross-sectional study that examined associations between youth participation in organized sport, unstructured physical activity, and land-use recreation and their psychosocial health. Survey data were collected from 3246 caregivers of children in the Intermountain West region of the United States. Respondents reported on children’s physical activity engagement and psychosocial outcomes, including mental health, emotional control, and social well-being. All three activity types were significantly associated with improved psychosocial health (p < 0.001). Compared to organized sport, unstructured physical activity and land-use recreation were associated with significantly higher levels of mental health and emotional control (p_adj < 0.001), although with a small effect size (η^{2 …}

Thermal Design Overview, Utah State University Space Dynamics Laboratory

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

Preface

• Introductions
• Work Based on "Small Satellite Thermal Modeling Guide, Initial Release, July 2022"
• Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/RVSV)
• Purpose
• Introduce methods/concepts to develop and analyze a small satellite thermal model
• Understand why thermal modeling and thermal analysis are important
• Understand common pitfalls
• Learn about available resources

Awe Data Status, P.-Dominique Pautet, Anh Phan, Ludger Scherliess, Yucheng Zhao, Jiarong Zhang, Dallin Tucker, Connor Waite, Pedro Sevilla, Russell Kirkham, Harri Latvakoski, Jacob Adams, Keith Paskett

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

SDL Presentation on the AWE data status.

Expansively Framing Mathematics And Computer Science Teaching With Digital Technology In Elementary Classrooms, Kimberly E. Beck, Jessica F. Shumway, Patrick Ocran, Jody Clarke-Midura, Mimi Recker

Publications

Expansive Framing (EF) is a theory and an instructional technique to facilitate connections between content and contexts. We employed EF as an approach to create a series of integrated mathematics and computer science (CS) lessons, using digital technology as a tool to leverage shared mathematical and computational ideas. We used deductive theoretical qualitative analysis of transcripts of classroom implementations to investigate how two fifth-grade teachers and one computer lab paraprofessional educator used EF during their teaching and what the EF approach looked like in practice. Findings suggested that educators engaged in EF principles when they were present in curricular materials, …

Cnes Participation To The Sentinel-2 C Commissioning Phase, Leveraging Synergies Between Vicarious Calibration Methods, Damien Rodat, Valentina Boccia, Camille Desjardins, Arthur Dick, Sebastien Marcq, Aime Meygret

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The 5th September 2024, Sentinel-2 C has successfully joined its orbit where Sentinel-2 A and B were already in operation since 2015 and 2017 respectively. The Sentinel-2 mission is part of the European Copernicus program, a wide Earth observation program dedicated to the environment monitoring, the mitigation of climate change effects and a support to emergency services. Sentinel-2 handles the high-resolution optical component with an acquisition of the Earth surface in 13 different spectral bands, every 5 days with a spatial resolution between 10 m and 60 m (depending on the band).

The French space agency (CNES) was in charge …

Calibration And Systems Engineering Collaboration, John Wilson

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Systems engineering and calibration engineering are critical to the efficient development, production, and operation of complex systems. Systems engineering provides the framework for the system lifecycle, ensuring stakeholder needs are met through integrated solutions. Calibration engineering ensures the accuracy, reliability, traceability of measurement, and compliance with standards. Coordination between system engineering and calibration ensures that instrumentation, control systems, and system performance are enabled. As the lifecycle coordinator, systems engineering relies on calibration engineers to reduce risks, optimize development, and ensure operational success.

However, the relationship between these disciplines is often poorly coordinated, as noted in tabletop discussions at CALCON 2024. …

Nist Recent Advances In Support Of Radiometric Calibrations, Michelle Stephens

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

No abstract provided.

The Ieee 4001 Standard For Hyperspectral Imaging, Torbjorn Skauli, John R. Gilchrist, Christopher Durell

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Describing the properties and performance of a hyperspectral camera is more complex than for a conventional camera. Still, up to now, hyperspectral cameras have been described largely in the same terms as conventional cameras, which fall short of what is needed to convey the actual performance to users and potential buyers. Responding to this situation, the IEEE Standards Association established a working group in 2018 to develop a new standard for hyperspectral imaging. More than 200 members of the hyperspectral community have taken part in the work, representing users, manufacturers, government labs and academia. This extensive work has resulted in …

How To Make Radiometric Vicarious Calibration Methods Ready For The Upcoming Space Projects, Damien Rodat, Morgane Chapelier, Sophie Coustance, Emilie Delogu, Camille Desjardins, Arthur Dick, Morgane Farradeche, Lucas Landier, Clement Luitot, Sebastien Marcq, Aime Meygret, Charlotte Revel, Thierry Erudel, Morgan Farges, Xavier Lenot, Martin Bachmann, Emiliano Carmona, Laura La Porta, Miguel Pato, Karl Segl, Lorenzo Giampietri, Ettore Lopinto, Francesco Sarti

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The space projects are always designed to push back the frontiers of what is feasible, focusing for instance on spatial, spectral and/or temporal aspects. In any case, the radiometric quality has to meet the end-user’s requirements, which may also be higher and higher. In the frame of optical Earth observation, the French space agency (CNES) is involved in a large panel of upcoming projects addressing new challenges such as the very high spectral resolution for carbon dioxide monitoring with MICROCARB, the combination of both spatial and spectral resolution for a spectro-imager, the thermal infrared domain with TRISHNA, the polarisation with …

From Picturebooks To Play: Dialogic Pedagogy For Cultivating Agency And Social Awareness In Young Learners, Amanda Deliman

Teacher Education and Leadership Faculty Publications

This study examines how young children engage with picturebooks, discussion, dramatic inquiry, and writing to negotiate diverse perspectives and develop empathy in an early childhood classroom. Grounded in sociocultural and critical literacy theories, the research explores the role of dialogic pedagogy in fostering young learners’ agency and social awareness. Utilizing a qualitative single-case study design, data were collected over a full academic year in a second-grade classroom through video recordings, field notes, interviews, and student artifacts. Thematic analysis revealed that dialogic engagements supported students in developing a shared language about empathy, resolving classroom conflicts, and exploring actionable ways to support …

Spectroradiometric Calibration Facilities At The Nasa Ames Airborne Sensor Facility, Thomas Ellis, Alok Shrestha, Gary Hoffmann, Haiping Su, Roseanne Dominguez, James Jacobson, Julia Barsi, Matthew Birkebak

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at NASA Ames Research Center maintains a suite of capabilities for the calibration of passive earth remote sensing instruments, focused on hyperspectral imaging devices operating in 350-2500 nm wavelength range, with additional thermal IR spectroradiometric resources extending to 14 microns. Hyperspectral instruments present challenges to characterization and calibration due to the large volume of data gathered in spatial and spectral dimensions. ASF uses techniques anticipating best practices developing in the IEEE standard p4001, while leveraging multiplex advantages for efficient data collection. ASF has developed facilities for the spatial, spectral and radiometric characterization of airborne hyperspectral …

The Renovated Aperture Area Measurement Facility At The National Institute Of Standards And Technology (Nist), Ulf Griesmann

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Apertures with precisely known area are used in radiometry and photometry to define the optical phase space into which radiant flux is emitted or received. For example, solid angle, needed for the realization of the Candela, is realized with apertures of known area. Another common application is the measurement of irradiance, the radiant flux received at a surface per unit area (or its photometric analog illuminance), which requires an aperture with known area to be placed in front of an optical radiation sensor.

Beginning in the 1990s the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed improved methods for …

Characterization And Calibration Of The Airharp2 Suite Of Instruments, Rachel E. Smith, Brent A. Mcbride, Noah Sienkiewicz, Cj Escobar, Dominik Cieslak, J. Vanderlei Martins

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

AirHARP2 is the aircraft version of the orbital Hyper Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (HARP2) on NASA’s Plankton Aerosol Cloud and ocean Ecosystem (PACE) satellite. In September 2024, AirHARP2 participated in the PACE Postlaunch Airborne eXperiment (PAX). This campaign provides a unique opportunity to validate radiometric and polarimetric measurements and derived science products from the PACE satellite by conducting direct cross-platform comparisons using co-located scenes. AirHARP2 is the polarimeter instrument in the AirHARP2 Suite, which also contains a VNIR imaging spectrometer, UV imaging spectrometer, and a SWIR multi-angle imaging radiometer. The companion instruments in the AirHARP2 suite mirror spectral response of the …

The First Year Of Harp2/Pace Performance Based On Its Ground And On-Orbit Characterization, J. Vanderlei Martins, Roberto Fernandez-Borda, Noah Sienkiewicz, Brent Mcbride, Xiaoguang Xu, Rachel Smith, Lorraine Remer

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter-2 (HARP2) was launched on board the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud and ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission, in February 2024, for the global measurement of aerosol and cloud properties as well as to provide atmospheric correction over the footprint of the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI). HARP2 is designed to collect data over a wide field of view in the cross-track direction (+/-47deg) allowing for global coverage in about two days, as well as an even wider field of view in the along-track direction (+/-54 deg) providing measurements over a wide range of scattering angles. HARP2 samples 10 angles at …

Polarization Of The Moon In Visible And Infrared Spectral Bands As A Function Of Phase Angle, Erica Venkatesulu, Elyse Duley, Joseph A. Shaw

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The Moon can be used as a stable calibration source for on-orbit satellite instruments. This has been enabled by comprehensive work that characterized and modeled the lunar irradiance as a function of wavelength, phase angle, and libration angle. However, the polarization state of the Moon must also be known to enable on-orbit lunar calibration of polarization-sensitive instruments. In prior work, the disk-averaged degree of linear polarization of the Moon as a function of phase angle was measured in ultraviolet and visible spectral bands. Additionally, disk-resolved degree of linear polarization measurements, including point measurements of various lunar regions and images, have …

World Average Intercomparison Method: An Approach To Compare Landsat 8 Oli To Landsat 9 Oli, Mehran Yarahmadi, Kurtis Thome, Brian Wenny, Norvik Voskanian, Mohammad Tahersima, Sarah Kay, Derrick Lampkin

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Comparative observations between two or more sensors viewing the same target(s) of known or stable radiance close in time have been successfully used for decades to calibrate and cross-compare calibration of various sensors. While the common target approach has proven effective in ensuring data consistency, they typically involve coordinating near-simultaneous data acquisition that are resource-intensive. The need to address geometric, spectral, atmospheric, and angular differences between measurements adds further complexity, making these methods challenging to implement on a routine basis. This study uses an approach to evaluate radiometric scales of two sensors using statistics of their global coverage of the …

Copernicus Sentinel-2 And Sentinel-3 Radiometric Calval Status: An Overview Of Sentinel-2c Tandem-Phase Results, B. Alhammoud, L. Rivoire, A. Deru, V. Boccia, S. Dransfeld

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

As part of the Copernicus program of the European Commission, the European Space Agency (ESA) developed and operates the Sentinel-2 constellation (S2A, S2B and S2C); and in cooperation with the EUMETSAT, they are operating the Sentinel-3 constellation (S3A, S3B). Both are Earth Observation optical missions, where the Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI) is carried on board Sentinel-2 mission and the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) and Sea Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) are on board the Sentinel-3 mission. In the framework of the Copernicus Optical Mission Performance Cluster (OPT-MPC), we use the Database for Imaging Multispectral Instruments and Tools for Radiometric …

Merging Multiple Analyses Of Slstr Vis-Swir Vicarious Calibration Results, Dave Smith, Caroline Cox, Maciej Neneman, Ali Mousivand, Bahjat Alhammoud, Sebastien Clerc, Camile Desjardin, Steffen Dranfeld

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The Sentinel-3 SLSTR instrument is primarily designed to measure Sea and Land Surface Temperatures for meteorological and climate research applications. As well as spectral bands in the thermal infrared for measurement of surface temperatures, the radiometer is equipped with channels in the visible to short wavelength infrared range, primarily for daytime cloud screening and scene classification. However, the VIS-SWIR channels are used in the retrievals of Fire Radiative Power (FRP) and land applications when used in synergy with the OLCI instrument data. Furthermore, when combined with the dual view capability of the radiometer, the data from the VIS-SWIR channels are …

Inter-Sensor Level 1 Radiometric Performance Assessment Using Deep Convective Clouds Method: Application To Sentinel-2 And Landsat 8 And 9, L. Rivoire, S. Clerc, J. Bruniquel, V. Boccia, S. Dransfeld

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

The European Union (EU) created the Copernicus programme to achieve a global, high quality Earth observation capacity. The eyes of this programme are the Sentinel missions, and among them the Sentinel-2 mission provides high-resolution optical imaging in thirteen different bands, from visible to short-wave infrared. The Deep Convective Clouds (DCC) method is used to monitor inter-satellite level 1 radiometry in the framework of the Optical Mission Performance Cluster, an EU-funded Copernicus programme managed by the European Space Agency to assess the performance of optical missions. Sentinel-2 instruments MSI-A, B and C are monitored with this method along with Landsat OLI …

Geoxo Ocx Prelaunch And On-Orbit Calibration, Alexandra Ocasio, Lauren Aycock, Sandra Collins, Meghan Knudtzon

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

BAE will build the Ocean Color (OCX) instrument for NOAA’s next-generation Geostationary Extended Observations (GeoXO) satellite network. The OCX design provides high spatial resolution, moderate spectral resolution, high radiometric sensitivity, and calibration accuracy data at an unprecedented area collection rate to enable significant advances in Ocean Color science. This presentation addresses the OCX prelaunch and on-board calibration approach that will provide hyperspectral measurements with high absolute radiometric accuracy and stability.

Libera Radiometric Ground Calibration In The Earth Radiance Facility (Erf), Robert Haun, Dave Harber, Cameron Straatsma, Katherine Catani, Karl Heuerman, Peter Pilewskie, Nathan Tomlin, John Lehman, Michelle Stephens

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

Libera is a next generation Earth-viewing scanning radiometer that will fly on the Joint Polar Satellite System-4 (JPSS-4), which is set to launch in 2027. Libera will provide continuity of Earth radiation budget measurements from the Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES), enhance observing capabilities to support Earth radiation budget science goals and advance the development of self-contained observing systems. Libera measurements will be collected in four spectral channels: the shortwave channel [SW; (0.3 to 5) µm] to measure solar radiation reflected by the Earth, the longwave channel [LW; (5 to 50) µm] to measure the Earth thermal emission, …

Getting The Most Out Of Your Imager, Torbjorn Skauli, Mark Helmlinger, Nicolas Venjean, Julia Barsi, Christian Conkle, Jason Knudsen, Alex Allgrunn, Matthew Birkebak, Christopher Durell

The Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing Annual Meeting (CALCON)

This practical workshop will focus on integrating spheres and other methods and maintaining NIST traceability through the calibration process. The workshop starts with a lecture on a basic framework to maintain integrity of radiometric and spectral signals and fundamentals of instrument characterization which is based the new IEEE 4001 standard. Hands-on sessions provide an opportunity to learn about characterizing and efficiently providing calibration measurements for successful campaign results.

The workshop will be organized into three sections:

1. Measuring Absolute Radiance Radiometry & Characterization of Imagers

2. Measuring Payload Spectral Response Application of Sensor Characterization

3. Characterizing and Using Integrating Spheres …

Revised Unsteady Drag Force And Its Impact On Particle Dynamics At High Reynolds Numbers, Ahmad Talaei, Timothy J. Garrett

Physics Student Research

The accurate modeling of particle motion in viscous fluids at high Reynolds numbers remains a fundamental challenge, particularly under unsteady flow conditions where nonlinear effects dominate. This study introduces a revised unsteady drag formulation, extending its applicability beyond previous studies. By integrating classical solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations, the new formulation overcomes the limitations of the Maxey–Riley–Gatignol (MRG) equation, addressing non-physical memory effects associated with Basset drag and extending its applicability to higher Reynolds numbers.

Through experimental comparisons and direct numerical simulations (DNS), the revised equation of motion is compared to the MRG equation, both during steady-state conditions and non-equilibrium …

Influence Of Increasing Fires On Mixed Conifer Stand Dynamics In The U.S. Southwest, Simon D. Baker, Kristen M. Waring, David Auty, Nicholas Wilhelmi

Aspen Bibliography

(1) Stand-replacing fires may threaten the continued stability of mixed conifer forests in the U.S. Southwest. Increasing fire frequency and severity have made post-fire forest recovery trajectories uncertain for many coniferous species, potentially leading to long-term shifts in forest structure and composition. (2) The purpose of this study was to examine post-fire stand dynamics over a 10-year period, using a network of permanent plots established prior to wildfire events across Arizona and New Mexico. We assessed changes in over story composition, regeneration, and fuel loading across different fire severities. (3) High severity fire caused near-total over story mortality, with little …

Transition To Organic: Alfalfa Production In Utah, Earl Creech, Ryan Larsen, Marion Murray, Jennifer R. Reeve, Michele Schahczenski

All Current Publications

Transitioning to organic production may not require drastic operational changes on the part of the producer, as alfalfa production lends itself to more organic practices by default. Producers may decide to transition to certified organic production to capture organic price premiums, access niche market opportunities, reduce the use of synthetic inputs, meet growing consumer demand, enact personal values around environmental stewardship, and support soil and biodiversity conservation. Whatever a grower’s motivation, this fact sheet covers transitioning to organic production through understanding organic production systems, the National Organic Program (NOP) regulations, and crop-specific considerations.

Gnss Technology, Utah State University Space Dynamics Laboratory

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

SDL presentation on GNSS Technology

Irrigation Companies: Perspectives In The Great Salt Lake Basin, Bailey M. Holdaway, Courtney G. Flint

Environment and Society Student Research

In an effort to better understand the water management practices of Utah irrigation companies within the Great Salt Lake Basin, interviews and surveys were conducted with company representatives. These discussions aimed to capture insights across a variety of key topics related to water resource management. This report describes the interview and survey efforts undertaken to assess these irrigation companies. Findings from both interviews and surveys are organized by question topic and then by theme.

Tube-Feeding A Calf, Cheyenne Reid, Reganne K. Briggs, Melanie Heaton, Rebekah Esplin, David Secrist

All Current Publications

Producers may need to tube-feed a newborn calf to provide milk if calves are unable to nurse or suck from the nipple bottle or when calves are sick and need electrolytes. This fact sheet outlines the materials required and the steps to successfully tube-feed a calf.