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Bioassays- Procedures And Results, A. F. Maciorowski, L. W. Little, Ronald C. Sims, J. L. Sims

Biological Engineering Faculty Publications

Bioassay procedures to describe, evaluate, and predict potential hazard of toxic materials to organisms, ecosystems, and health-related aspects of polluted waters continue to receive widespread attention. However, synthesizing these diverse theoretical, methodological, and procedural entities into an integrated multidisciplinary approach to evaluate environ mental hazards of toxic substances remains difficult. Symposia proceedings pertinent to the toxic substances management in ecosystems have appeared¹ and provide an overview of major problems and emerging solutions, including chapters on new bioassay protocols development, and multiple exposure toxicity paradigms. Conclusions and recommendations resulting from a toxicity testing workshop² discussed current state-of-the-art, identified needed …

A Chance-Constrained Programming Model Of Water Allocations In Utah, John E. Keith, Gustavo A. Martinez Gerstl, Rangesan Narayanan, Donald L. Snyder

Reports

A chance-constrained separable programming model of water allocations between agriculture and energy production was developed in order to examine the effect of the variability of water supplies in Utah. Using an incomplete gamma function, based on method of moments estimation of parameters, the water flows at 85, 90, and 95 percent probabilities of occurence were generated. These flows were then used as constraints in the allocation model. Results indicate that water quality could be a more significant constraint on irrigated agriculture than water quantity in the face of large scale energy development, and the variability of water availability alone is …

Nonparametric Analysis Of Right Censored Data With Multiple Comparisons, Hwei-Weng Shih

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

This report demonstrates the use of a computer program written in FORTRAN for the Burroughs B6800 computer at Utah State University to perform Breslow's (1970) generalization of the Kruskal-Wallis test for right censored data. A pairwise multiple comparison procedure using Bonferroni's inequality is also introduced and demonstrated. Comparisons are also made with a parametric F test and the original Kruskal-Wallis test. Application of these techniques to two data sets indicate that there is little difference among the procedures with the F test being slightly more liberal (too many differences) and the Kruskal-Wallis test corrected for ties being slightly more conservative …

Utah Science Vol. 42 No. 4, Winter 1981

Utah Science

121 THE TIME OF YOUR LIFE J. McCullough Ever stop to think how you spend your daily allotment of 24 hours? Researchers asked 210 two-parent, two-child families in Utah for precise answers to that question. Their data may surprise you.

128 SURGE FLOW UPDATE A. A. Bishop and W. R. Walker The Surge Flow method of furrow irrigation is superior to continuous flow by all measures. Tests prove that it produces more uniform depth and advance over a shorter time with less water.

130 THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PARASITIC NEMATODES ON ALFALFA G. D. Griffin Fields of Utah's primary …

Data On Licensed Pharmacists, Utah, 1979

Health

This report is one of a set of State reports published by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) containing data from the 1978-79 National Inventory of Pharmacists. The actual data collection ranged from mid 1977 for the first State to mid 1980 for the final State, with the majority occurring in 1978. This set of reports includes all States and the District of Columbia for which data are available.

The Immediate Effects Of Root Pruning On Plant Water Relations Of Helianthus Annuus L., George Murchie Briggs

Biology

This study investigated the effects of root pruning in plant water potential, leaf conductivity and transpiration. Roots of four-week-old Helianthus annuus L., grown either in soil or solution, were pruned 25, 50 or 75% and the plants observed for several days following pruning. The taproots of the plants had been removed at the age of one week. This resulted in a root system of more or less equal members. Pruning was performed on selected laterals where they attached to the taproot stub. Observations on root distribution within the soil indicated that the roots had a relatively uniform distribution both before …

Protoheme Formation In Barley In Response To Light And 5-Aminolevulinic Acid, Ibraheem M. Ameen

Biology

In vivo 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was found to accumulate in the highest concentration during induced-greening by light flashes, in 8- to 9-day-old etiolated barley leaves, 4.5 and 9.0 hrs after light induction. Maximal concentrations of ALA were accumulated using 75 to 100 mM levulinic acid (LA), a competitive inhibitor of ALA-dehydratase. Only small quantities of ALA were detected in LA-treated tissues incubated in the dark. Protoheme concentrations increased significantly following two flashes of light, 9.0 and 24 hrs after light induction. Similar increases in protoheme were observed after 24 hrs of continuous light compared to no increase in dark controls. …

Characterization Of Bacteriophage For Selected Halobacterium Including Species Isolated From The Great Salt Lake, Utah, Tim J. Leslie

Biology

Twelve strains of Halobacterium halobium from the national Research Council of Canada (NRC) and three extreme halophiles isolated from the Great Salt Lake were used as hosts in an attempt to obtain bacteriophages from the lake. We were successful with 7 NRC hosts and two of the lake hosts for a total of 8 (one was later lost) bacteriophages. All eight have proven to be DNA phages. As determined from melting point the GC ratios fell into three distinct groups: a low 48-51 group, an intermediate 54 group, a high 62-65 group, and a group of 3 phages with no …

Primary Genetic Analysis Of Bovine Rotavirus, John B. Syverud

Biology

Cell-culture adapted bovine rotavirus was inactivated by varying exposures to ultraviolet light. The purpose was twofold: (1) to ascertain if efficient recombination would be demonstrated with rotavirus and (2) to determine optimal radiation dosages required to induce lethal mutations while retaining a relatively high efficiency of recombination. When assayed by the immuno-fluorescent cell counting method, the irradiated virus exhibited the phenomenon of multiplicity reactivation, suggesting the existence of a mechanism of genetic recombination. Once it had been determined that the double-stranded genome was suitable for additional genetic studies, a modified plaque assay was employed to screen plaque-purified bovine rotavirus for …

Approaches To Adult Probationary Supervision: A Positive Perspective, Douglas Wilson

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The field of probationary supervision today is marked by division and confusion. The probation officer who attempts to define the most effective approach to supervision is confronted with conflicting advice or, perhaps even worse, no advice at all. As Allen, Carlson, and Parks (1979) point out:

• In summary, if we ask which caseload management strategies have been shown to be the more effective or efficient, we must answer that too little research has been done in this area to come to any definitive conclusion. (p. 67)

In spite of the lack of research to provide a "definitive conclusion," the literature …

The Emergence Of An Afro-American Society In Colonial Amelia County Virginia, Carol Noble Funk

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The eighteenth century is a critical time in a study of American slavery. The colonial years witnessed the development of cultural, social and demographic processes affecting African and Afro-American slaves, the result of which was an Afro-American culture and society, unique to this nation. The slave family and kin network system of the antebellum south and the post Civil War era had its genesis in the decades preceeding the Revolutionary War.

There have been many studies done on slavery in colonial Virginia, but with few exceptions they have focused on the wealthy planters residing in the tidewater counties. They describe …

Effect Of Mild Water Stress And Enhanced Ultraviolet-B Irradiation On Leaf Growth Of Rumex Obtusifolius L. And Rumex Patientia L. (Polygonaceae)., Steve R. Holman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Leaves of Rumex obtusifolius L. and R. patientia L.were exposed to combinations of mild water stress and enhanced ultraviolet-B irradiation during their ontogeny. Two UV-B treatments (enhanced UV-B and control) and three water stress treatments (-0.0 MPa, -0.2 MPa and -0.4 MPa rooting medium matric potentials) were employed. The impact of the stress interaction was assessed on the basis of changes in leaf area, average adaxial epidermal cell size, and total number of adaxial epidermal cells per leaf. Although the level of UV-B irradiation applied was insufficient to significantly alter leaf growth at any given water stress, UV-B did interact …

The Energy Expenditure Of Heifers Grazing Crested Wheatgrass Rangeland In West-Central Utah, Kris M. Havstad

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The free-roaming ruminant requires energy for the demands of vii grazing, traveling and thermoregulation that are not required by its confined counterpart. Literature estimates of these additional costs range from 10 to 170 percent above maintenance. The uncertain magnitude of this increased demand and the factors that contribute to it impede the ability of the rangeland ruminant nutritionist to establish guidelines for the energy requirements of the free-roaming herbivore. This study was designed to estimate the energy expenditure of yearling Angus heifers while grazing a declining supply of available crested wheatgrass forage (Agropyron cristatum) on rangeland in west-central …

Diversity And Production Of Herbaceous Vegetation In A Northern Utah Subalpine Chronosequence, Gary A. Reese

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Successional trends in herbaceous plant production and diversity were studied in an age sequence of sites, i.e. chronosequence, inferred to represent a meadow to aspen to fir to spruce-fir sere. Primary production was observed to decrease in a linear fashion with successional development. Three components of diversity; richness, heterogeneity, and equitability or evenness, each had low early successional values, reaching maximum diversity in mid-succession, and declining to intermediate levels with maturity. The magnitude of these trends varied greatly, depending on the methods used to determine plant dominance. Characteristics of various dominance indices and their applicability to this study were examined. …

Allegory And Nietzschean Values In Kafka, Camus, And Kazantzakis, Paul Kenneth Naylor

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this these is to explore Nietzschean values as they appear in three modern allegories: Franz Kafka's The Castle, Albert Camus' The Plague, and Nikos Kazantzakis' Zorba the Greek. The intent is to illustrate Friedrich Nietzsche's three stages of the overman as they apply to Kafka, Camus, and Kazantzakis.

Natural Pastures Of The Macquarie Region Of New South Wales: Their Origin, Composition And Management, David Leslie Michaelk

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two experiments were conducted in the semi-arid (400 millimeter annual rainfall) Macquarie region of New South Wales, Australia, at the Trangie Agricultural Research Station (31° 59'S; 147° S7'E), to examine (a) the way botanical parameters can be used to separate grazing and climatic impacts on range vegetation, and (b) how this delineation affects application of range science tenets (site, condition and trend) to different pasture types.

Two range sites were studied: Site 1, a light soil type, was dominated by annual grasses, legumes and forbs, whereas perennial grasses (mainly Chloris acieularis and Chloris truncata) dominated the heavy soils of …

Mineralogy And Petrology Of Lava Flows (Tertiary-Quaternary) In Southeastern Idaho And At Black Mountain, Rich County, Utah, Barbara J. Puchy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lava flows of Tertiary-Quaternary age occur in Enoch Valley, Upper Valley, and Slug Valley in southeastern Idaho. The basalts in Upper Valley and Enoch Valley contain olivine (Fo₆₉ to Fo₃₇), plagioclase (An₆₂ to An₃₉), augite and Fe-Ti oxides. The lava in Slug Valley lacks plagioclase, but contains sanidine (Or₇₀ to Or₅₆) with a trace of biotite and amphibole, and thus, has been termed alkali trachyte.

Black Mountain, on the eastern side of Bear Lake, northeastern Utah, is capped by basalt. Minerals present include olivine (Fo₈₃ to Fo₇₂), plagioclase …

Investigations On The Great Northern Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.): Protein Functionality, Antinutrients, Flatus Factors, Fermentation, And Carbohydrates, Shridhar K. Sathe

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Protein content of the Great Northern beans was 26.10 percent on a dry weight basis. The apparent isoelectric pH of the NaCl extractable proteins was about 4.4. Among the several solubilizing agents, Na₂CO₃, K₂SO₄, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and NaOH at the respective concentrations of 0.5, 5.0, 5.0 (all w/v), and 0.02 N were the best protein solubilizing agents, solubilizing 93.6 grams Lowry protein per 100 grams Kjeldahl protein. AIbumins and globulins accounted for 21.18 and 73.40 percent, respectively, of the total bean proteins. The bean proteins were fractionated and protein concentrates …

Models For Estimating Energy And Protein Utilization For Feeds, Muhammad Fadel Wardeh

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Data on the proximate nutrient content of feedstuffs, digestibility and energy utilization available from the International Feedstuffs Institute (Utah State University) were used to develop mathematical models for estimating energy and protein utilization of five classes of feedstuffs for various kinds of animals.

Classes of feedstuffs were subdivided into more related subclasses. Furthermore, data from all feeds were pooled together then subgrouped into more related subgroups in an attempt to gain high precision in prediction of digestible proximate nutrients and TDN from a single chemical entity by the use of simple regression models (Y = bo + b₁x …

Psychosocial Maturity In 4-H And Non 4-H Youth, Robert Leon Young

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was undertaken to add to the knowledge of the psychosocial effects of the 4-H program upon its members. The objectives were to determine if 4-H involvement is associated with the psychological and social maturation of adolescent members, and to investigate how several variables such as age, urban/rural residence, and S. E. S. may help explain this relationship or lack of relationship.

To accomplish these objectives 165 youths (103 4-H, 62 non 4-H) and one parent of each youth, responded to mail-out questionnaires, answering questions of biographical content, and items from the Psychosocial Maturity inventory. Responses were compiled and …

Factors Affecting The Measurement Of Undenatured Whey Protein Nitrogen In Dried Whey By A Modified Harland-Ashworth Test, Reyad M. Aboumahmoud

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Harland-Ashworth test for measuring undenatured whey protein nitrogen in nonfat dry milk was modified to measure undenatured whey protein nitrogen in dried whey. The new test was designed to measure absorbance in Harland-Ashworth filtrates at 280 nm to eliminate difficulties associated with turbidimetric measurements. One gram dried whey was reconstituted in 25 ml pH 6.7 phosphate buffer (.1M) in a 25 x 150 mm test tube. Ten grams sodium chloride were added. The test tubes were incubated for 30 min in a water bath at 37C and shaken 8-10 times in the first 15 min. The tubes were removed …

Bovine Muscle Cathepsin D: Purification And Proteolytic Activity On Muscle Proteins, Paul Hwaleun Fan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An affinity column for cathepsin D was prepared making use of the strong affinity of pepstatin for cathepsin D. Pepstatin is an N-acylated pentapeptide from Actinomycetes with the following structure: isovaleryl-L-valyl-L-valyl-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoyl-L-alanyl-4-amino-3-hydroxy- 6-methyl heptanoic acid. A relatively rapid and efficient method for cathepsin D purification has been developed; Steps include homogenization, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and chromatography on pepstatin-Sepharose column. The final preparation has a specific activity of 38 units/mg. and shows a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate corresponding to a subunit molecular weight of 42,000. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies did not reveal any impurities. The …

Bioavailability Of Calcium, Fluoride And Iron In Mechanically-Deboned Beef Fed To Growing Rats, Kathryn Mclaughlin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Weanling rats were fed diets containing raw lyophylized hand-deboned shank beef (HDS) supplemented with CaCO₃, retorted lyophylized mechanically deboned shank beef (MDS), or raw lyophylized MDS. Ca in the latter two diets originated from bone during the mechanical deboning process. Ca absorption, Ca retention, bone weight, and bone breaking strength were similar for comparative dietary levels of Ca regardless of the source. Bone ash and Ca content was significantly higher (P < .05) in the MDS 393 (3.93 g Ca/kg diet) diet and in the retorted MDS 460 diet compared with the HDS 488 diet. Relative biological values for the MDS diets calculated relative to the HDS diets ranged from 102 to 132 when the linear regression of Ca consumed, Ca retained, or dietary Ca level vs bone ash or bone Ca content was obtained. The retorted MDS 460 diet contained the highest Fe level and exhibited a lower percent absorption, terminal hemoglobin level, and liver Fe storage. Humerus F content increased as dietary F (also present from bone) level increased. Dietary F level did not determine humerus breaking strength.

Educating The Dietitian On Nutritional Counseling Principles In Diabetes Mellitus And Their Application For Adolescents With Insulin-Dependent Diabetes: Use Of A Learning Package, Eileen R. Deleeuw

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a Learning Package on nutritional counseling principles in diabetes mellitus with specific application for adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes. The Learning Package was designed to be used as continuing education material for the clinical dietitian. It consisted of two audio tapes, 2 1/2 hours in length, recorded by the author and an accompanying handbook or resourcebook. The resourcebook materials were designed to give further details, provide resources and materials for future reference, visually reinforce the audio presentation, summarize information given in the presentation, and give a bibliography of the references cited. …

The Effect Of Parent Involvement In A Nutrition Education Program For Primary Grade Pupils, Barbara A. Kirks

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Three schools were matched for socioeconomic data, location, and quality. Students in kindergarten through grade three in two schools received nutrition education; the third school was the control. Of the two treatment schools, one was randomly assigned to receive parent as well as student education in nutrition. Three-hundred and seventy cognitive scores, 168 affective scores, and 100 plate-waste analyses were collected in both pretest and posttest phases. At the end of the four-month treatment period, 24-hour food frequency recalls were collected for 151 children.

Students at the school where both parents and their children were involved had higher dietary quality …

The Effects Of Mild Hearing Loss On Academic Performance Among Young School Age Children, Miles Ellis Peterson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to measure the academic performance of children with mild hearing loss (20-45 dB) by comparing them with a normal control group. Twenty-four pairs of children in the first through fourth grades were compared. The achievement scores of the second and fourth grade student pairs were compared for the current academic year and for the previous academic year. A two-way analysis of Variance was used to compare the achievement scores from the Iowa Test of Basic Skills of the two groups. The results indicated statistical significance on some subtests of the first and fourth grade …

Transportation Time In Utah Two-Parent/Two-Child Families, Georgia Hayes Hier

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Travel time used by the homemaker and spouse in 210 Utah families was analyzed according to the purpose of the travel, day of the week, geographic location, season of the year, age of children, educational level of homemaker and spouse, family income, and number of motor vehicles owned by the family for transportation purposes. A time diary was used to collect the data for a 2 day period. Two-parent/two-child families from Washington, Iron, and Salt Lake Counties in Utah comprised the sample.

Homemakers used approximately 49.39 minutes per day for travel and spouses used 63.38 minutes. Spouses used the largest …

Comparison Of The Standard And Computerized Versions Of The College Level Examination Program General Examination In English Composition, Alan L. Muhlestein

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to test whether the computer-administered College Level Examination Program (CLEP) General Examination in English Composition produced scores equivalent to those obtained from the traditional paper-and-pencil version. The CLEP examination and its adaptation for computer administration and the results of a pilot study are presented.

The subjects in this study were volunteers who took the CLEP English Composition Examination in order to earn college credit and were randomly assigned to either the computer-first or paper-and-pencil-first groups. Each subject took both forms of the examination with approximately one half of the subjects taking each version first. …

Generalization And Maintenance Of Treatment Gains Of Behaviorally/Emotionally Handicapped Students From Resource Rooms To Regular Classrooms Using Self-Evaluation Procedures, Ginger Rhode

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Students who are removed from their regular classrooms for treatment in special education classrooms commonly exhibit positive behavior gains in those settings. Typically, however, the gains do not generalize and maintain when the students are returned to their regular classrooms. The present study initially provided six Behaviorally/Emotionally Handicapped elementary school students with a short-term resource room treatment to bring their behavior under the control of a combination of procedures emphasizing self-evaluation. Once acceptable levels of appropriate behavior were maintained with only minimal external reinforcement and students accurately self-evaluated their own work and behavior, generalization and maintenance of behavior gains were …

Inter- And Intra-Sensory Modality Stimulus Scaling: A Method For The Determination Of The Relative Salience Of Stimuli In Poison-Based Aversion Learning By Pigeons, David L. Pounds

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

One of the most rapidly expanding areas of research in psychology has been poison-based aversion learning (PBAL). The PBAL paradigm typically involves: exposing an animal to a novel substance; inducing illness following ingestion of that substance; and then providing access to the substance at a later time. The initial reaction to the novel substance is generally to reduce consumption, a finding labeled neophobia. The reduction of substance intake on test day is called learned aversion.

Following demonstrations of cue-to-consequence specificity (i.e., the differential associability of some stimuli with certain consequences) in PBAL research with rats, recent research has focused on …