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Ion Temperature Variations In The Daytime High-Latitude F Region, Robert W. Schunk, Jan Josef Sojka

All Physics Faculty Publications

We improved our high-latitude ionospheric model by including thermal conduction and diffusion-thermal heat flow terms in the ion energy equation so that we could study the ion temperature variations in the daytime high-latitude F layer in a region poleward of the auroral oval for steady state conditions at local noon. From our study we found that (1) The variation of Ti with solar cycle, season, and geomagnetic activity closely follows the Tn variation. The general trend is for higher temperatures in summer than in winter, at solar maximum than at solar minimum, and for active magnetic conditions than for quiet …

A Survey Of Potential Ecological Natural Landmarks Of The Middle Rocky Mountains, Janet L. Johnson, Robert D. Pfister

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Inelastic And Elastic Multiple Scattering Of Fast Electrons Described By The Transport Equation, Karl E. Hoffmann, Hans Schmoranzer

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A method for solving the transport equation for the propagation of electrons in the primary energy range of interest in electron beam technology has been developed which is based on discretizing the related integral equation. The integral equation is solved by a collocation procedure yielding a system of linear equations.

The elementary scattering processes were described for elastic scattering by quantum mechanical differential cross sections and for inelastic scattering by Gryzinski type semi-empirical excitation functions for core and outer electrons separately.

From the electron flux density calculated, angular and energy distributions of transmitted and backscattered electrons were derived for various …

Detectors For Electron Energy Spectroscopy, David C. Joy

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The efficiency of the detector in an electron energy loss spectrometer is crucial to the performance of the system. The quality of this performance can be quantified in terms of the Detector Quantum Efficiency (DQE), the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) and the radiation dose resistance (DR). The energy loss spectrum can be obtained either serially, by scanning the energy dispersion across a defining slit in front of a detector, or in parallel, by employing a detector or detectors with spatial resolution. The DQE, MTF and DR of serial detectors varies widely with the design chosen, but the fundamental limit to …

Backscattered Electron (Bse) Imaging In The Scanning Electron Microscope (Sem) - Measurement Of Surface Layer Mass-Thickness, Oliver C. Wells, Richard J. Savoy, Phillip J. Bailey

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Sometimes, the sample to be examined in the SEM will consist of a compositionally non-uniform substrate that is covered by an approximately uniform surface layer. With a low enough incident beam energy, only the surface layer can be seen in the SEM image. The underlying structure can be seen in the secondary electron (SE) image if the range of the incident electrons is greater than twice the thickness of the surface film. In the backscattered electron (BSE) image the threshold energy is higher because the BSE detector is insensitive to slow electrons. The information depth in the BSE image was …

Electron Scattering And Energy Losses As A Function Of The Incident Energy: Application To Chemical Analysis, Bernard Jouffrey

Scanning Electron Microscopy

This paper gives a rapid overview on the use of the energy losses suffered by an incident electron beam. General approximations are remembered. Then some recent results on inner shell excitations as a function of energy (in high voltage electron microscopy) are given, and the problem of thick samples is rapidly discussed.

The problem of the observation of sensitive materials in electron microscopy is discussed. A simple model is proposed to determine some orders of magnitude on the inelastic mean free path and the elementary volume of defects created during the irradiation with electrons of different energies. This model can …

Microhabitat Of Rainbow And Cutthroat Trout In The Greeen River Below Flaming Gorge Dam: Volume I, Jeffrey C. Gosse

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Socio-Economic Technical Report For The Uintah Basin Synfeuls Enviornmental Impact Statement, Utah State Energy Office; Utah State Planning Coordinator's Office; Department Of Community And Economic Development

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

The Microscopic Structure And Chemistry Of Rapeseed And Its Products, S. H. Yiu, H. Poon, R. G. Fulcher, I. Altosaar

Food Structure

The location and distribution of some of the storage constituents in the structures of rapeseed and its products were investigated. Hand-cut or glycol methacrylate-embedded sections were stained with dyes or fluorochromes of known specificities and examined using fluorescence, bright-field and/or polarizing microscopy. Results obtained from the study were based upon observations of characteristics of the various stainings, birefringence, induced fluorescence and autofluorescence. The effects of enzymatic hydrolysis, solvents and processing on the cellular structures and their affinity for certain dyes/ fluorochromes were also investigated. Major and minor storage constituents were tentatively located in the structure of rapeseed. Lipids and proteins …

Food Microstructure

Food Structure

No abstract provided.

Food Microstructure

Food Structure

No abstract provided.

Non-Random Orientation Of Nest Entrances In Saguaro Cacti, R S. Inouye, Nancy J. Huntly, D W. Inouye

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Container Size And Harvest Date On The Growth Of Quaking Aspen Populus-Tremuloides Seedlings, L. A. Erhard, J. T. Fisher

Aspen Bibliography

Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux) were
greenhouse grown in four sizes of paraffin-coated containers: 185 cubic centimeters (11 cubic inches), 492 cubic centimeters (30 cubic inches), 1132 cubic centimeters (68 cubic inches), and 1472 cubic centimeters (90cubic inches).

Potential For Acid Snowmelt In The Wasatch Mountains, Jay J. Messer, Lloyd Slezak, Charles I. Liff

Reports

Snowmelt collected from snow cores taken from the 1982 spring snowpack in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah lacked mineral acidity and retained enough buffering capacity in the form of calcium and magnesium bicarbonates to titrate additional inputs of strong acid equivalent to the amount apparently already neutralized. While acid anion concentrations were higher than those found in pristine areas, they were much lower than those reported for winter precipitation in other western areas experiencing acidification of precipitation. Snowmelt pH ranged from 5.62 to 6.88 (mean = 6.17), and sulfate was relatively more important than nitrate, showing an average equivalent …

Impacts Of Western Coal, Oil Shale, And Tar Sands Development On Aquatic Environmental Quality: A Technical Information Matrix; Volume 1 Introduction And Instructions, Jay J. Messer, Charles I. Liff, Kurt Gernerd, Frederick J. Post

Reports

Introduction: The Upper Colorado River Basin contains vast deposits of coal, oil shale, and tar sands, which could undergo extensive development should oil prices rise or an international situation restrict oil imports. Naturally, the prospect of development of these alternative fossil fuels resources has led to concern over how extraction and conversion activities will impact environmental quality. A thorough understanding of the nature and magnitude of the resulting envionemental impacts is a necessary prerequisite, if the costs and risks of such activites are to be weighed against the economic benefits. When we set out to evaluated these costs and risks, …

A Multivariate Water Quality Index For Use In Management Of A Wildland Watershed, Ramzi Mahmood, Jay J. Messer, Frank J. Nemanich, Charles I. Liff, Dennis B. George

Reports

Executive Summary: Summary: Multivariate statistical techniques were used to define a method for establishing a water quality index (WQI) for use in protecting the stream environment in a high mountain watershed. The purpose of the WQI was to aggregate water quality parameters in such a way that the effects of low level increments in mining, grazing, logging and other activities could be related to a change in the value of a single entity, aquatic environmental aquality, in a linear programming (LP) management model. Several data aggregation methods were explored, using water quality data collected over 5 years (1975-1979) by the …

Utah Science Vol. 42 No. 3, Fall 1981

Utah Science

97 SHEEP SCAN: An Ultrasound Solution to Sheep Production Problems T. D. Bunch and W. C. Foote If equipment costs can be brought down, sheepmen will have a remarkably useful management tool. Sonar probing can indicate if a ewe is carrying a single or more than one fetus.

100 SHRINK•PROOFING BEEF CARCASSES C. A Stubbs and D. P. Cornforth By minimizing shrinkage and bacterial growth as beef carcasses are held at the meat packers, researchers expect to also benefit consumers.

102 NEW CONCEPTS IN HORSE CONFORMATION L. M. Slade and R. V. Canfield Horses that win races are prized by …

A Sourcebook For The Interpretation Of Traditional Dance By Outdoor Museums And Historic Sites, Jan Alm

Library Faculty & Staff Publications

Folklife scholars often produce work which is valuable to outdoor museums and historic sites. Folklife scholars deal with functional, contextual, emic, and interdisciplinary studies--all approaches which produce valuable interpretive data for museums and sites. This thesis is an example of folklife work designed for use in the museum field.

Outdoor museums and historic sites are increasingly involved with the interpretation of social and emotional life. Because it is a social and emotional event, dance can be a valuable part of this interpretation.

Sites and museums developing programs of traditional dance interpretation may find it helpful to follow several steps: 1.) …

Waste Oil Biodegradation And Changes In Microbial Populations In An Arid Soil, Susan Ollett Mcdonald

Biology

The biological degradation of waste oil in an arid soil was studied at the 16 ha EPA oil disposal site near Ogden Bay Wildlife Refuge, Utah. Upon addition of oil and fertilizer (N, P) amendments, the hydrocarbon and lipolytic utilizing microbial populations increased to 108g-1 soil. Decreases in numbers of these populations correlated with the decrease in amount of residual oil in the soil. Changes in actinomycetes, carbohydrate utilizers, fungi, and anaerobic bacterial populations were not significantly correlated with oil degradation. Increases in species known to be hydrocarbon utilizers (Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Acinetobacter, Flavobacterium, Penicillium, and Aspergillus) were noted upon …

Protoheme Formation In Barley In Response To Light And 5-Aminolevulinic Acid, Ibraheem M. Ameen

Biology

In vivo 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was found to accumulate in the highest concentration during induced-greening by light flashes, in 8- to 9-day-old etiolated barley leaves, 4.5 and 9.0 hrs after light induction. Maximal concentrations of ALA were accumulated using 75 to 100 mM levulinic acid (LA), a competitive inhibitor of ALA-dehydratase. Only small quantities of ALA were detected in LA-treated tissues incubated in the dark. Protoheme concentrations increased significantly following two flashes of light, 9.0 and 24 hrs after light induction. Similar increases in protoheme were observed after 24 hrs of continuous light compared to no increase in dark controls. …

Characterization Of Bacteriophage For Selected Halobacterium Including Species Isolated From The Great Salt Lake, Utah, Tim J. Leslie

Biology

Twelve strains of Halobacterium halobium from the national Research Council of Canada (NRC) and three extreme halophiles isolated from the Great Salt Lake were used as hosts in an attempt to obtain bacteriophages from the lake. We were successful with 7 NRC hosts and two of the lake hosts for a total of 8 (one was later lost) bacteriophages. All eight have proven to be DNA phages. As determined from melting point the GC ratios fell into three distinct groups: a low 48-51 group, an intermediate 54 group, a high 62-65 group, and a group of 3 phages with no …

The Effect Of Trypsin On Polypeptide Composition And Infectivity Of Bovine, Simian, And Porcine Rotaviruses, John C. Roth

Biology

Bovine, simian, porcine, and human rotaviruses exhibited 8.0, 10.3, 35.4 and 3.2 fold infectivity enhancement in the presence of trypsin although optimal conditions of treatment varied between strains. Infectious titers of bovine and simian rotavirus preparations treated with 10 μg/ml trypsin decreased substantially over a one hour incubation period at 37° C. Serial passage of rotaviruses in cells without trypsin enhancement resulted in significant losses of infectivity with each passage until no infectious virus could be detected. A specific, trypsin-mediated cleavage of rotavirus structural polypeptide P3, which was consistent between rotavirus strains, resulted in the formation of two major cleavage …

Nucleotide Sequence Homology Between Rotaviruses, Jai Myung Yang

Biology

By coelectrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels, bovine, simian, and porcine rotaviruses exhibited different migration patterns in their double stranded RNA genome. There was less variation between bovine and simian rotavirus migration patterns than between bovine and porcine rotavirus patterns. Nucleotide sequence homology determined by hybridization between 3H labeled double stranded RNA and in vitro produced single stranded RNA showed 74 percent homology between bovine and simian rotaviruses, and 8 percent homology between bovine and porcine rotaviruses. The lack of a close relationship between bovine and porcine rotaviruses was confirmed by hybridization between 3H labeled, in vitro produced, single stranded RNA and …

Evaluation Of Three Insect Chemosterilants (Hempa, Theotepa, And 2, 5 Dichloro-2, 4 Dinitro Benzenesulfonanilide) For Their Potential As Anti-Coccidial Agents In Mice And Chickens, Mikky A. Amoudi

Biology

Neither (insect chemosterilants) hempa nor thiotepa showed any anti-coccidial action against Eimeria vermiformis when administered orally at the rate of 0.33 mg per mouse. These doses were calculated from the LD50 data for each of the drugs in mice. There was, however, an apparent increase in oocyst discharge and also delay in the patent period. On the other hand, young chickens infected with Eimeria tenella and then treated with thiotepa and 2, 5 dichloro-2, 4 dinitro benzenesulfonanilide at different concentrations showed a significant decrease in oocyst production with increase of drug concentration.

Effects Of The Herbicide Simazine Upon Production In A Two Member Aquatic Food Chain, John Gerald Carter

Biology

The direct effects of simazine, an s-triazine herbicide, upon the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardii; and the invertebrate, Daphnia pulex, were studied by exposure of both organisms to different concentrations of simazine over long time periods. The effects of simazine upon growth and reproduction in Daphnia pulex were evaluated using both C. reinhardii and mixed bacterial culture as a food source. A simulation model was developed to assess the effects of simazine introduction into natural aquatic systems. Simazine in concentrations of 0.5ppm and above was shown to inhibit growth in cultures of C. reinhardii. Daphnia pulex reproduction and growth increased as …

The Inhibition Of Reoviruses, Rotaviruses And Orbiviruses By Selected Antiviral Substances, Donald Frederick Smee

Biology

Known RNA virus inhibitors were evaluated in vitro and in vivo to determine if any had specific inhibitory effects on reo-, rota- and orbivirus infections. Test compounds included 1-ß-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin), 3-deazaguanine (3-DG), 3-deazauridine (3-DU), and 9-(S)-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) adenine ([S]-DHPA). Certain selected studies were also run with the following ribavirin derivatives: ribavirin 2' ,3' ,5'-triacetate, ribavirin 5'-monophosphate and ribavirin 5'-triphosphate. Viruses included types 1, 2, and 3 reovirus; bovine, porcine and simian rotaviruses; and bluetongue and Colorado tick fever orbiviruses. Results of the in vitro antiviral studies indicated ribavirin to be the most potent anti-reovirus agent, and 3-DG the strongest rota- and …

The Effects Of The Childbirth Process On The Attitudes And Behaviors Of New Fathers, Janice Ryser

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Attitudes of 74 first-time fathers were studied as they varied vi by childbirth preparation and participation. A 50-variable questionnaire was used to tap fathers' attitudes towards their marital relationship and partner, their infants, themselves as fathers, and the pregnancy/childbirth experience.

Fathers agreed on being elated with fatherhood, wanting tactile, verbal, and extended home contact with their infants, planning on a partnership in parenting, and seeing their marriage at a high point. They saw pregnancy as a time of stress and adjustment and felt father participation was important. Their attitudes varied most on wife's performance and their own helpfulness through labor …

Biofeedback: A Possible Substitute For Smoking, Earl Eugene Griffith

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Numerous agencies have accumulated evidence since 1964 which implicates habitual cigarette smoking as a causal or facilitating factor in the development of many circulatory and respiratory diseases. This study sought to identify those psychological variables which possibly contribute to the maintenance of cigarette smoking and therefore, had two main purposes. First, this study investigated the individual and simultaneous physiological changes, i.e., Electroencephalography, Electromyography, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure and Skin Temperature that occurred during and immediately after the smoking of one cigarette. Second, the study investigated the hypothesis that smoking frequency would decrease when individuals were trained via biofeedback procedures to …

The Effects Of Mild Hearing Loss On Academic Performance Among Young School Age Children, Miles Ellis Peterson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to measure the academic performance of children with mild hearing loss (20-45 dB) by comparing them with a normal control group. Twenty-four pairs of children in the first through fourth grades were compared. The achievement scores of the second and fourth grade student pairs were compared for the current academic year and for the previous academic year. A two-way analysis of Variance was used to compare the achievement scores from the Iowa Test of Basic Skills of the two groups. The results indicated statistical significance on some subtests of the first and fourth grade …

Temperamental Characteristics Of Sociometrically Identified Preschool Children, Melinda M. Toney

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This research investigates the relationship between temperament and sociometric status utilizing a sociometric picture technique and the Parent Temperament Questionnaire for Children 3-7 Years of Age, a measurement instrument from the New York Longitudinal Study. The study population consists of sixty-one preschool age children. In the final stage a discriminant function analysis was employed to determine if there was a relationship between the measures of temperament and sociometric status. Although no significant functions emerged, two functions approached significance. The results indicate that popular and amiable children score higher on adaptability and approachability than isolated and rejected children. Also, distractibility appeared …