Digital Commons Network^™

The Effects Of Canada Goose Grazing On Winter Wheat: An Experimental Approach, Hubert A. Allen Jr., David Sammons, Russell Brinsfield, Roland Limpert

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The effects of grazing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) by Canada geese (Branta canadensis) was assessed in 3 fields during 2 years of experimentation at the Wye Research and Education Center, Queenstown, Maryland. Randomly placed wire enclosures prevented goose grazing on 11.1 m sq. control plots. Grazed plots were marked in each field soon after the geese migrated in March. Grazed plots had consistently lower yields than ungrazed plots with mean differences ranging from 0-13%. The differences were related to the intensity of grazing. Other parameters, including mean weight per seed, mean number of seeds per spike, …

Computer Assisted Extension Program On Ground Squirrel Control, Terrell P. Salmon, Donald L. Lancaster, Leanne Lasarow

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Computers have become common place in virtually all phases of agriculture. Most individuals have access to micro-computers and the once apparent intimidation about using them is rapidly disappearing. Because of increased availability and public acceptance, it's no surprise that many Extension programs are using computers as an important component of their educational package. Recently, several computer models have been developed to assist Extension personnel and others in demonstrating proper wildlife damage control decision-making. We have developed such a model which is used to: 1) present ground squirrel control information to the grower, 2) take user (grower) input on production, yields, …

Closing Remarks, F. Eugene Hester

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

I am glad to be here to present the closing remarks before such as group of professionals who represent the many agencies and individuals who daily perform the delicate task of resolving animal damage conflicts. The segment of wildlife management that you represent is perhaps the most difficult to accomplish in view of existing public opinion and involvement.

Removal Of Nesting Starlings With Drc-1339, Douglas I. Hall

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

DRC-1339-treated crickets (Gryllus sp.) were utilized in an attempt to remove starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) nesting and rearing young in the aircraft hangars at the Little Rock Air Center, Little Rock, Pulaski County, Arkansas. Bait ratio of 1 treated to 5 untreated crickets was used. They were placed under airport night lights where foraging birds naturally gathered to feed on insects attracted to these lights. Adult starlings consumed the crickets as well as fed them to their young. Lethal control was achieved on both age classes of bird. Field test results show promise for the development of …

Cathodoluminescence Study Of Defects In Iii-V Substrates And Structures, M. Cocito, P. Franzosi, G. Salviati, F. Taiariol

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Solid state detector cathodoluminescence studies of semiconducting and semi-insulating GaAs and InP crystals, were performed. The origin of the dislocation contrast in GaAs:Si doped substrates, in the carrier concentration range from 10¹⁶ to 6 · 10¹⁸ cm^-3, were discussed. The image contrast was explained on the basis of the emission efficiency versus carrier concentration curve, obtained in the transmission mode. Single dislocations and dislocation arrangements in addition to growth striations, clusters and precipitate-like microdefects were evidenced. The above mentioned microdefects were detected in GaAs: Te, S and Si doped and InP: Sn doped specimens. Commercial InP:Sn …

The Market Organization Of Utah Agriculture, Donald L. Snyder, Terrence F. Glover, Jay C. Andersen

Economic Research Institute Study Papers

Food marketing may be thought of as the connecting link between the production of basic agriucltural products and delivery of finished, processed food commodities to the consumer. It may be defined as the performance of all business activities involved in the flow of food products and services from the point of initial agriucltural production until they are in the hands of consumers.

Future Quaternary Groundwater Accessibility In The Grand Prairie ‑ 1993, Richard C. Peralta, Amin Yazdanian, Paul J. Killian, Robert N. Shulstad

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A High Efficiency Cathodoluminescence System And Its Application To Optical Materials, A. D. Trigg

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A high collection efficiency spectroscopic cathodoluminescence (CL) system based on an in-line ellipsoidal mirror has been constructed for use on a Cambridge S250 scanning electron microscope (SEM). It can be fitted to or removed from the SEM in about 30 minutes and requires no significant modification of the instrument. It can be used to obtain total CL images, monochromatic CL images or CL spectra with an ultimate spectral resolution of 1 nm.

The system has been applied to the study of doped synthetic quartz crystals, optical fibres and optical fibre preforms, and to yttrium aluminium garnet, bismuth silicon oxide and …

The Cathodoluminescence Mode Of The Scanning Electron Microscope: A Powerful Microcharacterization Technique, D. B. Holt, F. M. Saba

Scanning Electron Microscopy

By detecting cathodoluminescence (CL) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), pan and monochromatic micrographs and CL spectral analyses analogous to x-ray mode point analyses can be obtained. Complete microcharacterization requires alternate examination of both micrographs and spectra. New techniques for near infra-red CL and low-temperatures to produce sharp spectra are of increasing importance. CL emission is due to electron transitions between quantum mechanical states so the radiative defects present can be unambiguously identified at liquid helium temperatures. Strongly luminescent impurities can be detected to below one part in 10⁸. This is 10⁴ times as sensitive as the …

Stroboscopic Technique For Dynamic Observation Of Ferromagnetic Domains At Low Frequencies In Scanning Electron Microscopy, T. Ikuta

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A new stroboscopic technique for the observation of periodic phenomena at low frequencies (10 -100 Hz) in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is developed in the present study. This new technique is based on the line-sampling stroboscopy instead of the point-sampling stroboscopy which has been commonly used for the dynamic observation at high frequencies (> 1 kHz). In this stroboscopy, a multi-frame display with the individual stroboscopic image at different phase can be easily introduced with no reduction of the detection efficiency.

The main application of the present stroboscopy at low frequencies is the dynamic observation of magnetic domains. In this …

Two Quantum Photoemission In Semiconductors, J. M. Moison, M. Bensoussan

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Two-quantum photoemission is a process in which two times the photon energy is transferred to the photoelectron. In this process, the photoelectron observed in the vacuum keeps a "memory" of the intermediate empty state by which it transited after its first excitation, and before its second excitation and its final escape. We discuss here the experimental problems involved and the information obtained in the case of the semiconductors Si and InP. We show that ballistic or non-ballistic electrons can be selected by an adequate choice of experimental conditions, yielding information on both the static and dynamic properties of the empty …

Transmission Electron Microscopy Of Semiconductor Materials And Devices, R. B. Marcus

Scanning Electron Microscopy

This paper surveys the application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to semiconductor materials and device technology. A broad spectrum of TEM studies requires the preparation of either plan-view or vertical sections; these sections are made using mechanical abrasion, chemical etching or ion milling or a combination of these procedures. A survey is then given of applications of TEM to four classes of studies of semiconductor materials and devices: the configuration of device features, crystallographic defects, lattice and atomic resolution imaging, and the analysis of phase and chemical composition.

The Endothelium Of Initial Lymphatics During Postnatal Development Of The Rat Tongue, A. Castenholz

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The luminal surface of the subepithelial lymphatic plexus in the tongue of rats was investigated with SEM at different stages of postnatal development. In newborn and infant animals prominent and branched endothelial cells exhibit a conspicuous phenomenon producing a very irregular inner profile of the vascular wall. Among these cells the spindle-shaped type proves to be an essential component of the valve structures already found in few-day-old animals. There are also prominent cells with a polygonal appearance resembling histioblasts which form with their manifold processes, that partly extend into the lumen, an interlacing cellular pattern. The special morphological characteristics of …

X-Ray Synchrotron White Beam Excitation Of Auger Electrons, S. M. Durbin, L. E. Berman, B. W. Batterman, J. M. Blakely

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Auger electron spectra have been measured at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), using the full white beam x-ray spectrum as the excitation source. Ordinary Auger spectra obtained in the laboratory with an electron beam source must employ derivative techniques to distinguish the Auger structures from the large background due to the excitation beam. The synchrotron white beam eliminates this source of background and produces signal rates as high as 10⁷ cps. Superior signal-to-background ratios are found for Auger peaks above a few hundred eV, and count rates are large enough to suggest microprobe applications. X-ray induced Auger …

Implantation Failure Of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters: A Scanning Electron Microscopical Study, D. W. Gregory, G. G. Youngson, D. Marshall

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Patients with end stage renal failure may be treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The transcutaneous portion of the catheters used in this treatment is covered with porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to provide a surface suitable for tissue infiltration. Following some instances where catheters failed to become fixed in the abdominal wall, a scanning electron microscopical study was carried out to compare the infiltration of catheters having successful or unsuccessful implantation.

The porous layer of a well-fixed catheter, removed after successful renal transplantation, was infiltrated with collagen fibrils and overlain by layered connective tissue composed of fibroblasts and collagen fibre …

Evaluating Water Policy Options By Simulation, Ann W. Peralta, Richard C. Peralta, Keyvan Asghari

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Computer simulation models are used to predict the effects of three sample water policy decisions on selected conjunctive water use/sustained groundwater yield strategies for the Arkansas Grand Prairie. The three applications illustrate the facility of the target objective approach in providing an interface for legal, economic and engineering analysis. The approach is used to evaluate potential water management decisions at the judicial, legislative and water management district levels

Conjunctive Use/Sustained Groundwater Yield Design, Richard C. Peralta

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Assuring the sustained availability of groundwater from all parts of an aquifer system is analogous to assuring that the potentiometric surface does not change over the long term. Such a steady-state surface is maintained by a specific spatially distributed pattern of groundwater withdrawal. The finite difference form of the linearized Boussinesq equation for steady two-dimensional flow through porous media is used in models that design optimal regional potentiometric surfaces and the conjunctive water use/sustained yield strategies that maintain them. Presented objectives of such models include minimization of unmet water needs. minimization of the regional cost of attempting to satisfy water …

The Ballistic Phonon Signal In Low Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy, R. P. Huebener, W. Metzger

Scanning Electron Microscopy

By scanning the surface of a specimen cooled to liquid-helium temperature with the electron beam, ballistic phonons are generated which can be used for acoustic imaging. The anisotropy of the ballistic phonon propagation caused by the phonon focusing effect has been observed in recent experiments. The simultaneous operation of two or more small-area phonon detectors during the scanning process appears promising for three-dimensional acoustic imaging of structural inhomogeneities even far from the specimen surface. The principles of this scheme for acoustic imaging are discussed and the spatial resolution limits are estimated.

The Mechanics Of Low Orbiting Satellites Implications In Communication, Lane Brostrom

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Low orbiting satellite communication networks will be competing with geosynchronous satellites for a share of the communications market. In world-wide communications that do not require immediate real time transmissions, low orbiting satellites are competitive with geosynchronous satellites because the system is reliable and low in cost.

Since satellites are a clear example of Newtonian laws, the distinct patterns they make in their orbiting process are predictable. Newton's law states that an object will remain in uniform motion unless acted upon by a force: a satellite remains in motion around the earth because there is no atmosphere to slow it down. …

Analysis Of Backscattered Electron Signals For X-Ray Mask Inspection, Michael G. Rosenfield

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A rapid and automated inspection system is a necessity for the detection of defects in x-ray and optical lithography masks. The design of an electron-beam mask inspection system requires a complete understanding of the backscattered electron signal from the various defects which will be encountered. A Monte Carlo simulation program has been used to study the effects of electron-beam size, detector placement, defect type, electron-beam voltage, and absorber thickness on the back-scattered electron signal.

Early Development Of The Vertebrate Limb: An Introduction To Morphogenetic Tissue Interactions Using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Robert O. Kelley

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The developing limbs of most vertebrates serve as a model system for studies of morphogenesis, pattern formation, cell and tissue interactions and cell differentiation. Mesoderm in the flank of the embryo induces overlying ectoderm to form a thickened, stratified or pseudo-stratified epithelium which becomes the highly specialized apical ectodermal ridge. In turn, the apical ridge specifies individual limb parts (first from structures proximal to the body axis, then to more distal components) and is required for those elements to form. If the ridge is removed, subsequent limb development ceases and no further limb parts appear. The series of ectodermal-mesodermal interactions …

Progress In High Resolution Scanning Ion Microscopy And Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Imaging Microanalysis, R. Levi-Setti, G. Crow, Y. L. Wang

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The performance of a new high resolution scanning ion microprobe (SIM) is elucidated with regard to imaging capabilities using the ion-induced secondary electron (ISE) or secondary ion (ISI) signals, and the mass-resolved signal from a secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) system. The new instrument focuses a beam extracted from a liquid metal ion source (LMIS) to a range of spot sizes reaching the 20 nm level. The probe current (1.6 pA) available at this level of lateral resolution, which approaches the theoretical resolution limits of the SIMS method, is still adequate to obtain detailed isotopic maps for surfaces rich in …

The Use Of The Scanning Electron Microscope In Studying The Heat Treatment Of Prehistoric Lithic Artifacts From The North Florida Weeden Island Period Mckeithen Site, G. Michael Johnson

Scanning Electron Microscopy

In this paper, I discuss a study in which I attempted to determine whether or not the inhabitants of the McKeithen site, a Weeden Island Period mound and village complex in what is today northern Florida, employed heat treatment as part of their lithic reduction technology, and if so, at what point in the reduction sequence it was conducted. I used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to photograph raw and heat treated control samples of northern Florida chert, then debitage and tools of chert and silicified coral from the McKeithen site which represented the range of colors and luster present …

Electrical Surface Breakdown: Secondary Electron Emission And Electron Spectroscopy Of Insulators, J. P. Vigouroux, C. Le Gressus, J. P. Duraud

Scanning Electron Microscopy

These results question the usual scheme of flashover. They lead to a different interpretation based on classical concepts in solid state physics which can be verified at every step. An ionizing cascade in the bands, rather than a cascade of electron multiplication on the insulating surface, could explain the flashover, the conditioning and the deconditioning of high voltage generators through the building of a surface charge. As in the usual model the positive charge is responsible for the flashover, in this new model the building of this charge is the basis of the conditioning. The ionizing cascade in the bands …

A Generic And Subgeneric Revision Of The Heriades Genus-Group (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), Terry Griswold

Biology

This study presents the first part of a projected worldwide revision of the osmiine bees (Family Megachilidae). Based on a cladistic analysis of the Megachilidae, the osmiines are considered a monophyletic group and are accorded formal rank as the Tribe Osmiini in the Subfamily Megachilinae. The Heriades Genus-group is recognized as an informal group of related genera within the Osmiini. Eight genera are recognized within the Heriades Genus-group: Afroheriades Peters (=Archeriades Peters, new synonymy), new status, Heriades Spinola, Hofferia Tkalcu, Noteriades Cockerell, Protosmia Ducke, Pseudoheriades Peters, Stenoheriades Tkalcu, new status, and Xeroheriades Griswold. Two new subgenera of Heriades, …

The Effects Of Fluoride On Chloroplast And Tonoplast Biochemical Functions, John L. Giannini

Biology

The exposure of isolated chloroplast and tonoplast vesicles to solutions containing soluble fluoride compounds results in reduced rates of photochemical activity. These reductions can be related to fluoride's effects on the chemistry of these structures. In the chloroplast, photophosphorylation was inhibited. This inhibition was due to binding of fluoride to the chloroplast ATPase (CF₁). Other major functions (Calvin cycle, PSI, PSII, NADP+ reductase) were not affected. The tonoplast was inhibited in two ways. The tonoplast ATPase shows decreases in activity at high fluoride concentrations above 30 mM. At concentrations lower than 30 mM the ATPase is not affected …

The Relationship Between Therapist Approach Postures, Avoidance Postures And Posture Sharing, And Subjects' Experience Of Rapport, Lawrence A. Carcelli

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The relationship between approach, avoidance and congruent postures and the experience of rapport was investigated. Sixty undergraduate college students (30 male, 30 female) were interviewed by a therapist who displayed either approach postures, avoidance postures or who posture shared. The degree of rapport experienced by the 20 subjects in the three groups was compared. In addition, the subjects' behaviors were divided into four groups (n = 11, or 19) along two orthogonal dimensions (high and low congruency and immediacy) and the degree of rapport experienced by the four groups compared. No statistically significant results were found in either analysis. An …

A Comparison Of Traditional Preschool And Computer Play From A Social/Cognitive Perspective, Jeanne M. Hoover

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Twenty females and twenty-three males from the Utah State University Children's House participated in this study which compared traditional preschool play with computer play. The Parten/Smilansky nested social/cognitive play hierarchy was used. Sociometric and cognitive assessments were incorporated in order to more clearly define behaviors. Five types of play were observed: computer, art, locks, manipulative toys, and the dramatic area.

No gender differences were found in terms of the amount of time or type of play at the computer. However, sociometric status did influence computer play. Children who engaged in more positive social interactions used the computer constructively, while those …

Resource Management Problems Of Usu Foreign Students, Gong Soog Hong

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the resource management problems of a group of foreign students. The sample surveyed was 300 foreign students who attended Utah State University during fall quarter of 1984. A questionnaire was used to examine the students' degree of difficulty with resource management.

The differences in the degree of difficulty with resource management and respondents' gender, academic level, marital status, length of stay in the U.S. and geographic origin were tested by Analysis of Variance.

Significant differences were found in the degree of difficulty with resource management and the length of stay in the …

Modifying Lamb/Mutton Flavors In Processed Meat Products By Smoking, Curing, Spicing, Starter Cultures And Fat Modifications. Investigating The Use Of The Technicon Infraalyzer 400r As A Rapid Method For Proximate Analysis, Chima I. Osuala

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Mutton meat was tested in different products in order to obtain prototype products in which mutton can effectively be used without the objectionable mutton off flavor. Mutton flavor reduction was achieved in the processed meat products by: (a) lowering mutton fat to a level of 10% or less, (b) using spices, smoking and/or curing, (c) substituting fat from beef or pork for mutton fat, and (d) the action of microbial starter cultures. Four taste panel sessions were set up to rate these products against an all beef or all pork control for consumer acceptability. Taste panel results indicate that flavor …