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Glow Discharge Effects On Polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers Investigated By Secondary Electron Microscopy And X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, A. Le Moël, J. P. Duraud, C. Le Gressus, H. Okuzumi

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A glow discharge treatment of Polytetrafluoroethylene avoids charging effects and permits observation of the sample in Scanning Electron Spectroscopy; x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy has been used to study changes in the surface chemical composition and electronic structure of the polymer produced by this treatment.

Insites, Fall 1986, Utah State University

inSites

Magazine of the Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning

Utah Science Vol. 47 No. 3, Fall 1986

Utah Science

70 CHROMOSOMES AND INFERTILITY IN DAIRY CATTLE T. D. Bunch, A. Maciulis and S. L. Henderson The analysis of chromosomes is providing valuable information about genetic abnormalities in cattle.

78 THE APPLICATION OF BEHAVIORAL CONCEPTS TO LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT D. F. Balph and M. H. Balph Several principles useful in the study of human behavior may also explain livestock behavior.

86 GENETIC PROBLEMS IN MINK CULTURE L. C. Ellis and N. C. Pace Mink are an ideal animal to study genetic problems in other animals and humans.

94 UNDERSTANDING THE APPLE MAGGOT D. W. Davis and V. P. Jones Findings are …

Development Of The Otolith In Embryonic Fishes With Special Reference To The Toadfish, Opsanus Tau, Bernd H. A. Sokolowski

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The development of the saccular otolith and the otolithic membrane was studied in the toadfish (Opsanus tau) using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Development of the saccular otolith and its otolithic membrane in Opsanus begins with the formation of the primordia in embryos of 17-20 somite age. Calcification of the primordia begins shortly afterwards, although increased calcium layering and formation of the otolithic membrane corresponds to the development of a group of cells lying peripheral to the developing sensory epithelium. These cells contain an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Otoconia As Test Masses In Biological Accelerometers: What Can We Learn About Their Formation From Evolutionary Studies And From Work In Microgravity?, Muriel D. Ross, Kathleen M. Donovan

Scanning Electron Microscopy

This paper reviews previous findings and introduces new material about otolith end organs that help us to understand their functioning and development. In particular, we consider the end organs as biological accelerometers. The otoconia are dealt with as test masses whose substructure and evolutionary trend toward calcite may prove significant in understanding formation requirements. Space-flight helps illuminate the influence of gravity, while right-left asymmetry is suggested by study of certain rat strains.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Thebesian Ostia (Microdissection By Ultrasonication: Enzymatic Digestion), F. A. Rosinia, F. N. Low

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Thebesian vasculature provides for communication between the coronary system and the chambers of the heart. Anatomic, embryologic, physiologic, and therapeutic investigations have involved this component of cardiac anatomy from the early 18th century to the present time. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) now affords an innovative approach to the study of the ostia of these veins as they open into the chambers of the heart. The surface of the intact endocardium is continuous, whether it is treated with boric acid or not, as long as it remains intact. Enzymatic microdissection of tissues with trypsin, hyaluronidase and pronase, followed by similar …

The Capillary Bed In The Choroid Plexus Of The Lateral Ventricles: A Study Of Luminal Casts, Enrico D. F. Motti, Hans-Georg Imhof, Robert C. Janzer, Klaus Marquardt, Gazi M. Yasargil

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Micro-angioarchitecture of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles is investigated in microcorrosion casts of animal and human preparations studied with the scanning electron microscope. The capillary bed in the diverse regions of the tissue belongs to one of three patterns: (1)-a network of capillary meshes that envelop the larger arteries and veins predominates in the central segment. (2)-in the villous regions a "leaf-like" organization of sinusoids is found together with (3)-fronds of "glomerular" formations. "Glomeruli" are formed when arterial afferents and venous efferents converge in a quasi hilar structure before branching in arterio-venous loops. Nodular thickenings are observed on …

The Gill Arch Of The Striped Bass, Morone Saxatilis. Ii. Microvasculature Studied With Vascular Corrosion Casting And Scanning Electron Microscopy, Judy A. C. King, F. E. Hossler

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The gill vasculature of euryhaline striped bass, Morone saxatilis, was examined by scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts prepared by injecting resin (either Mercox/Sevriton or L.R. White) into the ventral aorta. The vasculature of the striped bass gill appears to be similar to that of other euryhaline species. The striped bass gill has three major vascular systems: (1) a respiratory system, (2) an arterio-venous system, and (3) a nutritive system. In the respiratory system, blood from the afferent branchial artery flows to each filament via an afferent filamental artery, and from there to the highly vascularized respiratory lamellae. Lamellar …

The Biomineralization In Social Wasps (Vespinae): The Presence Of Statoliths, J. S. Ishay, T. Shimony, L. Arcan

Scanning Electron Microscopy

In social wasps granular aggregates occur mainly in the head region and the body integument. In the former location they are present both on the outer and inner side of the frons. On the outer side of the frons, in a groove traversing its center, there is a deep pit surrounded by a membrane which forms a cyst-like sac. In the pit of the hornet Vespa orientalis (Linne, 1771), there are aggregates comprising silicon (Sl), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe), which are arranged in morula-like fashion. A granular material is secreted at the base of sensory hairs …

Scanning Electron Microscopic Features Of Spleen In The Rat And Human: A Comparative Study, S. Sasou, R. Satodate, T. Masuda, K. Takayama

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The marginal zone, white pulp and red pulp of rat and human spleen were studied by scanning electron microscopy and were compared. The marginal zone was observed in both species. The arterial termination in the marginal zone was quite different between both species. The follicular arteries terminated at the boundary of the white pulp and formed a vascular net regarded as the marginal sinus in rat. On the other hand, numerous arterial termini of the follicular and sheathed arteries were scatteringly found in the marginal zone in man. The central artery was surrounded with flat reticular cells in rat and …

Analysis Of Voltage-Contrast Decay On Passivated Devices Under Electron Beam Probing, Y. Watanabe, Y. Fukuda

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Voltage-contrast decay on passivated devices under electron beam probing has been reported. The dependence of the decay time constant of the voltage contrast on the primary electron current, the passivation thickness, and the dielectric constant of the passivation has been analyzed with a recently developed theory of capacitive-coupling voltage contrast. It is found that the theory can be used to estimate the time constant under various observation conditions. Deviation of the time constant from the prediction, depending on the size of the electron beam irradiated area, has been observed and interpreted as being due to secondary electron charging on the …

Sequential Scanning Electron Microscopic Analyses Of Normal And Spontaneously Occurring Abnormal Ocular Development In C57b1/6j Mice, Cynthia S. Cook, Kathleen K. Sulik

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Embryos of C57B1/6J mice were examined grossly, and by light and scanning electron microscopy on days 8 through 19 of gestation. Adult eyes were examined by slit lamp biomicroscopy and light microscopy. A spontaneous incidence of eye malformations including microphthalmia, microphakia, corneal opacity and anterior segment dysgenesis was observed at a rate of 13.2% in the adults and 10.8% in the day 14 embryos. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrates the complex series of coordinated changes in shape and tissue interrelationships observed in normal ocular development. Possible routes of abnormal ocular morphogenesis beginning as early as the time of optic vesicle formation …

Gene And Teratogen Induced Defects Of Early Central Nervous System Development, K. S. O'Shea

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The events involved in the histogenesis of the primitive nervous system involve precise control over cell shape changes, cellular migrations, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. The coordinated procession of these events results in the elevation of the neural folds, and their apposition and fusion in the dorsal midline, forming the primary neural tube. This is followed by a second series of cellular migrations and rearrangements (collectively called secondary neurulation) which result in lengthening of the caudal neural tube. After a brief consideration of the mechanisms involved in neurulation, the effects of gene or teratogen induced perturbations of these events are …

The Three-Dimensional Microstructure Of The Liver A Review By Scanning Electron Microscopy, G. Macchiarelli, P. M. Motta

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The improvement in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques has permitted us to describe the microstructure of the liver. By SEM, the liver peritoneal surface is composed of flat mesothelial cells possessing microvilli and cilia. Hepatic sinusoids connect the portal vessels with the terminal branches of the hepatic vein (central veins). Endothelial cells of the portal space arteries are elongated and arranged longitudinally, while those of the central and portal veins are polygonal and flattened, possessing microvilli. The sinusoidal endothelial cells show both small fenestrations (sieve plates), up to 200 nm in diameter, and large ones, up to 1 𝝁m. Within …

Proton Microprobe Analysis In Biology, Klas G. Malmqvist

Scanning Electron Microscopy

This paper is intended as an introduction to the field of proton microprobe analysis with special emphasis on applications in biological sciences. It is mainly intended for users of electron microscopes equipped with microprobes or other analytical equipment. The basic principles of Particle Induced X-ray Emission analysis are discussed as well as the instrumental requirements for the proton microprobe. The analytical characteristics including quantification procedures are compared with those of the electron microprobe and a review is given of various analytical applications of the proton microprobe within biology and medicine.

Ion-Induced Auger Emission From Solid Targets, Josette Mischler, Nicole Benazeth

Scanning Electron Microscopy

We present a review of the Auger emission induced from light elements (Mg, Al, Si) bombarded by ions of intermediate energy (1 keV - 200 keV). The different physical phenomena at the origin of Auger emissions are outlined, in particular the mechanism of molecular excitation responsible for the production of inner-shell vacancies in collisions between two complex particles and the processes of Auger decay and electron transport in the solid. Auger spectra partially consist of L₂₃VV electrons corresponding to decays in the bulk; this part is similar to that observed from electron-induced Auger spectra. Superimposed on this broad …

Surface-Reconstruction-Induced Changes In Free-Carrier Scattering From The W(100) Surface: Aninfrared Surface-Electromagnetic-Wave Study, D. Mark Riffe, L. M. Hanssen, A. J. Sievers

All Physics Faculty Publications

Using the infrared-absorption technique of surface-electromagnetic-wave spectroscopy (SEWS) we have studied the effects of H₂ and D₂ chemisorption on the SEW attenuation coefficient α in the 10-μm region between 165 and 350 K. The change in α at room temperature has also been measured for N₂, O₂, and CO adsorption. The coverage (CTHETA) dependence of α for N₂, O₂, and CO is fairly simple [either a monotonic increase (N₂) or a peak at some intermediate coverage (O₂, CO)] and points to changes in free-carrier (FC) surface …

Scanning Electron Microscopical And Histochemical Study Of The Endoderm In The Early Chick Embryo, Marjorie A. England, Jennifer Wakely

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The endoderm of gastrulating chick embryos shows regional variations in cell shape and size. These were studied by scanning electron microscopy, histochemistry and immunofluorescence. Particular attention was given to the distribution of the cytoskeleton. Four zones of differing morphology were observed. The changing size and shape of these zones could be correlated with the entry of the definitive endoblast through the primitive streak, displacing existing primary hypoblast to the edges of the area pellucida. Endodermal cells were shown to have a well organised cytoskeleton. The cytoskeletons of individual cells were linked to give a cytoskeletal network extending across the endoderm …

Ciliated Cells Of The Trachea Of The Rabbit, Treated With Cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (Ii) Alone, Or In Combination With Ionizing Radiation, M. Albertsson, C. H. Hakansson, C. Mercke

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The ciliated epithelium of the rabbit trachea was irradiated with daily fractions of 2 Gy to an accumulated dose of 20 Gy (TD: 2, 6, 10, 16, or 20 Gy). Fifteen to forty-five minutes before start of the first irradiation ( treatment day 1) , 5 mg cis-DDP was given by intraperitoneal injection to each rabbit. Examination was made 1-10 days after each fractionation schedule, when specimens were ta ken for investigations.

Scanning electron microscope investigations showed a gradual development of ciliary damage from blebs on the cilia to swollen tips, broken and bent cilia and finally an epithelial lining …

Statoconia Formation In Molluscan Statocysts, Michael L. Wiederhold, Christine E. Sheridan, Nancy K. R. Smith

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The gravity sensors of all molluscs phylogenetically below the cephalopods are spherical organs called statocysts. The wall of the sphere contains mechanosensory cells whose sensory cilia project into the lumen of the cyst. The lumen is filled with fluid and dense "stones", the statoconia or statoliths, which sink under the influence of gravity to load, and stimulate, those receptor cells which are at the bottom. The statuconia of Aplysia californica are shown to be calcified about a lamellar arrangement of membranes. Similar lamellar membrane arrangements are seen within the receptor cells, and their possible role in the formation of the …

Ultrastructural Studies Of Intercellular Contacts (Junctions) In Bone Marrow. A Review, Ferrell R. Campbell

Scanning Electron Microscopy

This paper reviews ultrastructural studies of the intercellular contacts or junctions between cells of the bone marrow. Studies using tannic acid and glutaraldehyde as a fixative have shown pentalaminar complexes between many types of cells in marrow of mice and chicks. These intercellular contacts occur between adjacent stromal cells, between stromal cells and developing blood cells and, in marrow of mice, between migrating blood cells and cells of the sinusoidal wall. Because of their location and widespread occurrence, it is believed these contacts may represent a type of adherent junction helping to maintain an orderly arrangement of blood cells and …

The Angioarchitecture Of The Lewis Lung Carcinoma In Laboratory Mice (A Light Microscopic And Scanning Electron Microscopic Study), T. W. Grunt, A. Lametschwandtner, K. Karrer, O. Staindl

Scanning Electron Microscopy

53 Lewis lung carcinomas implanted subcutaneously into C57BL/6-mice were examined. The animals were killed at various stages of tumor growth (TG) and prepared for histology and for scanning electron microscopy (critical-point-dried tissue; vascular corrosion casts). Prior to casting animals were rinsed using different perfusion pressures. Casting was done by manual injection of the resin, whereby different influx-rates were applied resulting in low, medium and high pressure preparations.

We discern 3 phases of tumor angiogenesis (TA) occurring during 4 stages of TG among which vasodilation establishes the first reaction of the host vascular system to a growing tumor implant. During this …

Corrosion Cast Technique Applied In Lymphatic Pathways, A. Castenholz

Scanning Electron Microscopy

The paper deals with methods and results of the microcorrosion cast technique in lymph angiology. For the representation of the special organization of the lymph vascular system including the initial vascular structures, intranodal pathways, bigger collectors, and lymph trunks, the application of various injection techniques is necessary. The interstitial injection of Mercox proves to be suitable to show the initial lymphatics and prelymphatic spaces. Similarly, the intranodal injection makes visible the system of the lymph sinuses and the spaces of the reticular tissue in this organ. Casts of bigger collecting vessels, lymph trunks, and thoracic duct can be obtained by …

Surface Activity Of Different Strains Of Halobacterium For Potential Use In Microbially Enhanced Oil Recovery, Fuad A. Al-Harjan

Biology

Surface activity and optimum growth conditions were determined for ten strains of halophilic bacteria isolated from the Great Salt Lake and Halobacterium halobium NRG 34003. Three of these strains were used to determine bitumen release from Utah tar sand. Optimum growth requirements for H. halobium NRC 34003 were determined to be pH 6.5, temperature 40ºC, and NaCl concentration 22% (w v^-1). Halobacterium strain 11 optimum growth conditions were pH 6.5, temperature 45ºC, and 22% w v^-1 NaCl. All the halophiles tested showed archaebacterial lipid patterns by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Surface tension measurements of different bacterial suspensions and …

Solar- Terrestrial Physics: A Space Age Birth, R. W. Schunk

Faculty Honor Lectures

Solar- Terrestrial Physics, in its broadest sense, is concerned with the transport of energy, particles, and fields from the sun to the earth and their consequent effect on the terrestrial environment. Most of the solar energy eventually deposited in our atmosphere, at a rate of approximately a trillion megawatts, arrives in the form of visible light. The study of how this energy affects our environment falls within the purview of meteorology, a discipline that has experienced an independent development and that has sufficiently different problems from solar-terrestrial physics that it can be regarded as a separate but neighboring discipline. In …

The Genetic Relatedness Of United States Prototype Bluetongue Viruses By Rna/Rna Hybridization, Timothy F. Kowalik

Biology

The genetic relatedness of the prototype bluetongue viruses isolated in the United States were examined by RNA/RNA hybridization. Genomic dsRNAs of the five United States prototype bluetongue viruses were separated by either SOS-PAGE or NuSieve agarose gel electrophoresis. These were blotted by both standard Northern technique and a recently developed, rapid alkali-blotting method to positively charged nylon membranes. The blotted RNAs were then probed with 3'-end labeled dsRNA of each serotype. Initially, single segments were individually hybridized to identify cognate genes. Total genomic dsRNAs were subsequently probed to determine genetic relatedness. The genes coding for the nonstructural proteins NS1 and …

The Effects Of Recreation Specialization And Motivations On The Environmental Setting Preferences Of Backcountry Hikers, Randy J. Virden

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study explored how recreation specialization and different types of motivations were related to environmental settings preferred by backcountry hikers. A questionnaire was developed that measured the level of hiking specialization, desired psychological outcomes, and preferred environmental setting attributes. Questionnaires were mailed to 619 backcountry hikers from three Intermountain West hiking areas; a response rate of 68 percent was attained.

Results of the study revealed significant associations between the level of hiking specialization and the psychological states desired by backcountry hikers. In general, increased hiking specialization served to increase the importance of specific psychological outcomes such as autonomy, exercise, achievement …

A Market Analysis For Adult Outdoor Education In Five Western States, Karla Joy Vanderzanden

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Organizations that offer Outdoor Education programs for adults are concerned with how to best attract people to their programs. Effective program design begins with a clear understanding of the people to be served. A marketing orientation--meeting the needs of participants--has begun to pervade non-profit management; specific information on the adult market for Outdoor Education remains limited. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize segments based upon the benefits people seek from such an experience. Secondly, this analysis describes current programs 1n a five state region and identifies discrepancies between available and needed services.

A mail survey of …

Diagenesis And Water Chemistry Of The Woodbine Group In The East Texas Basin, Helmuth Victor Wuerch

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Petrographic and SEM study of flu vial-deltaic sections of the Woodbine Group in the East Texas Basin indicates that authigenic mineral suites are controlled, in part, by the presence of organic-rich matrix.

During early, precompaction diagenesis, organic matter supplied the metabolic fuel required by sulfate-reducing bacteria to reduce sulfate in depositional waters ultimately to pyrite. With burial the sulfate supply was ultimately exhausted, and bicarbonate activity thereafter controlled the precipitation of siderite and Fe-calcite.

Matrix material supplied the components and reaction sites for the most import ant porosity-occluding reaction: kaolinite --> Fe,M g chlorite. Matrix physically inhibited the growth of …

Petrology Of The Late Proterozoic(?) - Early Cambrian Arumbera Sandstone And The Late Proterozoic Quandong Conglomerate, East-Central Amadeus Basin, Central Australia, Johnnie O. Phillips

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Throughout the James Ranges and Gardiner Range the Arumbera Sandstone forms prominent strike ridges with distinctive dark reddish slopes and pale red to orange-white cliffs. Because of their lithologic and stratigraphic similarities, the names Eninta and ''Quandong" for these units should be suppressed in favor of the name of Arumbera Sandstone, which has precedence. The stratigraphic and lithologic differences observed between the Quandong Conglomerate in the type locality and the Arumbera Sandstone in the study area suggest that these units are not equivalent. Similarites with the Areyonga Formation suggest the Quandong Conglomerate could be part of the Areyonga Formation.

Lithofacies …