Digital Commons Network^™

High Latitude Communications Satellite, Brij Agrawal

Small Satellite Conference

This paper presents preliminary design of a high latitude communications satellite. The satellite provides a continuous UHF communications for areas located north of the region covered by geosynchronous communications satellites. The satellite orbit is elliptic with 63.40 inclination with perigee at 1204 km altitude in the southern hemisphere and apogee at 14930 km altitude. The orbit period is 4.8 hours. The system consists of three satellites equally spaced in mean anomaly. It is launched by Delta II launch vehicle in three satellite staked configuration. The spacecraft uses three-axis-stabilization consisting of three reaction wheel system. Solar array surface is always normal …

Potential For Small Satellite Use In Noaa’S Operational Polar Program, Daniel Cotter, Anthony Durham

Small Satellite Conference

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) manages operational satellite systems for the remote sensing of the Earth System, including the Polar-orbiting operational Environmental Satellite (POES) system. A new configuration of the POES system will be introduced about 1998. Small satellite technology is being investigated by NOAA as a supplement for the future POES system. The baseline payload for the new POES configuration is known and under development. Candidate payload additions are also known. Both payload categories are described. NOAA perceives POES mission advantages as being associated with the use of small satellites in the future system. These advantages, and …

Commercial Application Of Eyesat, Dino Lorenzini, Doug Loughmiller

Small Satellite Conference

With the continued growth in geosynchronous satellite communications transponders today, why could anyone consider using a low earth orbit, low data rate, limited availability satellite? Several factors have proven to be important as our experience with small, low earth orbit satellites increases: user priority, simple access, low investment cost, portability, global reach, and flexibility in meeting specialized requirements. The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the potential commercial applications of the AMSAT Microsatellite. Four of these spacecrafts are currently in sun-synchronous orbit, being tested and used by amateur radio operators around the world. Interferometrics Inc. of Vienna, …

Pegasus: A Geosynchronous Launch Profile, David Bearden, Shaun Anderson, Richard Shorthill

Small Satellite Conference

Pegasus is a low cost system which can carry a 600 pound payload to 250 nautical mile polar orbits as well as larger payloads to lower altitude/ lower inclination orbits or suborbital trajectories. The craft is carried aloft by a conventional transport/bomber-class aircraft and launched from level flight at approximately 40,000 ft. The first flight of Pegasus was made on April 5, 1990 over the Western Test Range at an altitude of 43,000 feet using the NASA B-52. The unmanned launch vehicle was developed jointly by Orbital Science Corporation (OSC) and Hercules Aerospace Company and the first flight which reached …

A Small Satellite Bus Designed For Low Earth Orbiting Experiments, J.B. Oakes

Small Satellite Conference

The concept of a small satellite bus, designed to support a variety of low earth orbit payloads, has led to the detailed design of such a bus and its launch vehicle adapter. The basic bus, which weighs approximately 170 Ibs, is sized for launch on either Pegasus or Scout. It provides three axis stabilization (gravity gradient boom plus constant speed momentum wheel), solar power (40 watts minimum after 1 year in polar orbit), an S-band TM transmitter (1 watt output) and command receiver, a microprocessor-controlled telemetry encoder/formatter (usable at data rates up to 300 kbps), a command system providing logic …

Small Satellite Constellations For Ehf Polar Coverage, William Acker

Small Satellite Conference

Because atmospheric attenuation is greater for EHF frequencies than lower frequencies, it is necessary to design EHF satellite constellations so that the minimum elevation angles of the ground station antennas are larger than for satellite communication links using lower frequencies. The need for larger elevation angles reduces the coverage provided by geosynchronous equatorial satellites. This paper examines how the size of the polar regions not receiving adequate EHF coverage varies with the number of equally spaced equatorial satellites. The suitabilities of 24 hour Tundra, 12 hour Molniya, and six hour circular orbits for providing the missing coverage are then examined. …

Reserves: A Responsive, Multi-Mission Tactical Satellite Architecture, Jack Farrell

Small Satellite Conference

This paper summarizes the 1st phase of the Responsive Replacement Vehicles, RESERVES, study performed by the McDonnell Douglas Electronic Systems Company (MDESC) for the Air Force Space Systems Division/DCS Development Planning (SSD/XRP). This summary comprises the results of a comprehensive analysis of responsive satellite system requirements, complete architectural design, and operational concepts.

Mission Cost Reduction, Anthony Dietl, Robert Nordyke

Small Satellite Conference

The United States Air Force has historically performed the ICBM launch detection mission using satellites placed in high altitude orbits. This type of mission can also be performed at other altitudes while still maintaining overall mission performance. The choice of satellite altitude drives the size of the constellation, the characteristics of the sensor system and the supporting electronics, and the associated launch costs. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate to a first order that the ICBM launch detection mission can be performed at a lower altitude for a lower overall cost using a constellation of smaller less capable …

Modular Small Satellite Design For Responsive Tactical Applications, Bernard Raab

Small Satellite Conference

The requirement for small tactical satellites capable of satisfying a variety of missions on short notice has been studied as part of the AFSSD-sponsored RESERVES study. An innovative spacecraft design approach is described which makes use of pre-assembled subsystem modules. The design is successfully tested against the requirements of four example missions using three different launch vehicles, demonstrating ample design margins in each case. The approach holds promise of providing a simple, flexible cost-effective solution to the rapid-response requirements of the tactical military world.

Autonomous Surveillance Satellite, Gary Grisbeck, John Doleman, Robert Reed

Small Satellite Conference

This paper describes the potential to enhance the performance and reliability of small satellites by using increased levels of digital processing on-board the spacecraft. It describes an architecture, developed by Control Data, that will satisfy its users' needs and provide mechanisms for high reliability. The term "SMARTSAT" means a small satellite that has significant "smarts" (processing capability) on-board.

Creating The Future Of Microspace Technology, L. Flynn, R. Bonometti, E. Nicastri, R. Sudol, A. Wheatley

Small Satellite Conference

The Advanced Space Technology Program (ASTP) at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has recently initiated a series of technology development efforts as part of its drive to enhance the cost effectiveness and responsiveness of defense space systems. These efforts focus on reducing spacecraft size, cost, weight, and power consumption, while simultaneously improving performance. The technology initiatives which are underway span a broad spectrum of efforts at the satellite system and subsystem levels, as well as some which focus on individual components and materials. The technology initiatives which DARPA is pursuing will enhance large, major satellites via technology insertions …

The Insurance Climate For Small Satellites And Elvs: 1990, Peter Stark

Small Satellite Conference

The space insurance industry provides coverage for physical damage and liability risks to which space ventures are exposed as part of their business. The Insured party obtains insurance coverage through a Broker, who represents the Insured in soliciting coverage from the various Insurers in the world market. Physical damage insurance is designed to cover the value of an asset or the revenue it may provide, while liability insurance covers damage to the person or property of parties unrelated to those involved in launch activities. To date, five commercial launches of small ELVs have been conducted, and the necessary insurance has …

Astronaut Deployable Satellite, William Clapp

Small Satellite Conference

The Astronaut Deployable Satellite (ADSAT) is an educational satellite being designed and built by faculty, local engineers, and students at Weber State University. The ADSAT is our third satellite project after the success of two others, NUSAT I (Challenger April 85) and WEBERSAT-OSCAR 18 (Ariane-Jan 90. The ADSAT is designed to be tossed into space by an astronaut. The 16" X 16" X 4" AnSAT is self-contained and is designed to ride into space in a mid-deck stowage locker on the shuttle. When launch is desired, the astronaut removes the AnSAT from the locker and carries it outside. The astronaut …

The Microvasculature Of The Guinea Pig Ureter. A Scanning Electron Microscopic Investigation, S. Aharinejad, A. Lametschwandtner, W. Höltl, W. Firbas

Scanning Microscopy

In 24 albinotic guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) the gross vasculature and the microvascular architecture of the ureter were studied by light microscopy of tissue blocks and by scanning electron microscopy of vascular casts. The guinea pig ureter is supplied by the renal artery proximally, by the aorta and the internal iliac artery in its mid-segment, and by the uterine and prostatic as well as by the vesical arteries distally. The main arterial trunks run alongside the ureter before they branch to send perforating arterioles to the muscular coat and the mucosal lining. The draining venules are found on …

Histomorphometric Analysis Of The Rat Proximal Tibial Metaphysis By “Linear Scanning”, R. G. Erben, B. Kohn, W. A. Rambeck, H. Zucker

Scanning Microscopy

Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats (10 weeks old, 200g BW) were either sham-operated (n = 6) or ovariectomized (ovx). Ovx rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 6 each) : ovx; ovx + 1,25(OH) ₂D₃; ovx + l,25(OH)₂D₃ + 1,24,25(OH)₃D₃. The vitamin D metabolites were fed orally starting the day after surgery. After 7 weeks all rats were sacrificed and the proximal tibiae were processed undecalcified for quantitative histomorphometry. Conventional histomorphometric analysis of the distal zone (> 1 mm from the growth cartilage) of the tibial metaphysis revealed a dramatic …

Reproducible Method For Calibrating The Backscattered Electron Signal For Quantitative Assessment Of Mineral Content In Bone, T. M. Boyce, R. D. Bloebaum, K. N. Bachus, J. G. Skedros

Scanning Microscopy

Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging shows promise for orthopaedic and bone research. BSE images of bone may be captured on-line directly from the scanning electron microscope (SEM), and then analyzed to produce a backscattered electron profile (BSEP), a modified image graylevel histogram which is representative of the mineral content in bone. The goals of this work were 1) develop a reproducible graylevel calibration technique for bone specimens, and 2) determine a conservative time interval during which SEM operating conditions would remain stable.

Calibration standards containing pure aluminum and pure magnesium wires were placed in the SEM with human cancellous bone. Baseline …

Crystal Morphology Of Shortenings And Margarines, P. Chawla, J. M. Deman, A. K. Smith

Food Structure

An improved method is proposed for isolation of fat crystals with isobutanol, followed by fixation using osmium tetroxide vapours or cryo-fixation and visualization in the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The cryo-fixation method revealed the presence of well defined needle-shaped or rod-shaped fat crystals. The osmium fixed crystals did not appear as distinct. The crystals existed as single crystals, platelets and spherulites. Polarized light micrographs did not show the details of the crystal morphology that were observed in the SEM.

Ducking The Diversity Issue: Newspapers’ Real Failure Is Performance, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

Perhaps we've paid too much attention to issues of hiring minorities and diversifying newsrooms, avoiding the tougher questions of content, coverage and newspapers' role in a pluralistic society. After each annual newsroom nose-count is completed, where do newspapers stand on issues of performance?

Surviving To The Top: Views Of Minoritynewspaper Executives, Ted Pease, Guido H. Stempel Iii

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

There are painfully few nonwhites among the ranks of top newspaper executives. Those who have survived in the business long enough to become assistant managing editors or higher frankly discuss the barriers they encountered on the way up, and the blows that knocked some minority colleagues off the ladder.

Perceptions Of The Honors Program, Andrea Price

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The purpose of this project was to measure how aware the students and faculty of Utah State University are of the Honors Program and its offerings. Questionnaires were sent to a random selection of faculty, students, and Honors students.

Mars And Beyond: The Solar System Beckons, Frank J. Redd

Faculty Honor Lectures

To space zealots, 1989 was the year the drought ended. The space shuttle was operational again; Voyager's grand reconnaissance of the Solar System climaxed with the glorious encounter with the planet Neptune and its startling moon, Triton; the launches of the Magellan spacecraft to Venus and the Gallileo to Jupiter broke a decade long hiatus in the launch of U.S. planetary missions; and, for the first time in over twenty years, a U.S. president announced a daring new initiative in human exploration with the goal of first returning humans to the Moon, then going on to Mars.

Lecture 15: Who Grades The Graders?, Lawrence O. Cannon

Last Lectures

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of The Plasmid Dgp1 From The Cellular Slime Mold Dictyostelium Giganteum, Yizhong Yin

Biology

While nuclear-associated DNA plasmids are very rare in eukaryotic organisms, cellular slime molds of the genus Dicytostelium harbor many of them. The Dgp1 plasmid is one carried by Dictyostelium giganteum strain DG6.1. A restriction endonuclease site map of Dgp1 has been produced. The GC content of the restriction site sequences was found to be 42%, which closely matches the typical GC content of Dictyostelium coding sequences. Micrococcal nuclease digestion demonstrated that this plasmid has a typical Dictyostelium chromatin structure indicating its nuclear location. The stability of the Dgp1 DNA sequence when cloned in several Escherichia coli vectors as well as …

The Biosystematics Of Thinopyrum (Triticeae: Gramineae), James K. Jarvie

Biology

Thinopyrum sensu Dewey is a genomically defined genus of the perennial Triticeae consisting of sect. Thinopyrum, originally based on the J genome, sect. Lophopyrum, originally based on the E genome, and sect. Trichophorae, based on an EES genome constitution. The relationships among its taxa are complex. This has led to a variety of classifications being proposed, based primarily on morphological or genomic data. The major cause of disagreement between the two types of classification is the genomic similarity but morphological dissimilarity between sect. Thinopyrum and sect. Lophopyrum. The goal of my research was to clarify the …

Rate Equation And Scaling For Fragmentation With Mass Loss, Boyd F. Edwards, M. Cai, H. Han

All Physics Faculty Publications

A linear rate equation describes fragmentation with continuous and discrete mass loss typified by consumption of porous reactive solids and two-phase heterogeneous solids. For a mass-dependent fragmentation rate x^α and a continuous-mass-loss rate εx^γ,σ=γ-α-1<0 yields a>‘‘recession regime’’ where small particles lose mass continuously without breaking, σ>0 yields a ‘‘fragmentation regime’’ where all particles break, and σ=0 yields scaling for α>0. Shattering for α<0 and>σ≥0 is runaway fragmentation producing an infinte number of particles in a finite time, Exact and asymptotic solutions, exponent relations, and connections with static percolation are found.

Characterization Of The Polymerase Products Of The Dsrna Of Cryphonectria Parasitica, Pam Kazmierczak

Biology

Cryphonectria parasitica is the fungal pathogen that causes chestnut blight. Hypovirulent variants of this fungus have been isolated, and this phenotype has been shown to be associated with a cytoplasmically transmissible doublestranded RNA (dsRNA). The dsRNA is not encapsidated but is contained within membranous vesicles of fungal origin. These vesicles contain an RNA polymerase activity which produces both single ( ssRNA) and dsRNA products. In the study reported here, the strandedness of the dsRNA in vitro products of the polymerase was determined by hybridization to plus and minus copies of a 194-base-pair fragment from the homopolymer end of the dsRNA …

National Survey Of Degreed Mental Health Workers Providing Services To American Indian Populations: Identification Of Preferred Theoretical Orientations And Treatment Modalities, Michelle M. Tangimana

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Previous surveys of mental health professionals regarding theoretical orientation and the use of various treatment modalities provided valuable information concerning the nature of mental health delivery but primarily focused on professionals providing services to dominant-culture clientele. The present study focused on those degreed workers whose primary clientele were American Indian. Questionnaires were returned by 140 mental health workers who are American Psychological Association (APA) members of American Indian descent, members of the Society of Indian Psychologists (SIP), employees of the Indian Health Service (IHS), and graduate psychology students. Questionnaire responses were analyzed in terms of orientation and treatment modality for …

Assessing Depressive Symptoms In Adolescent Boys: Pre- Versus Postpubescent, Delinquent Versus Nondelinquent, David P. Defrancesco

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare depressive symptoms reported by boys who were either pre- or postpubescent and who were legally designated delinquent or had no legal histories. A self-report puberty scale and a semi-structured interview (the Child Assessment Schedule-CAS) were administered to 48 boys. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significance levels between groups were examined with Duncan's range test. No significant differences were found between pre- and postpubescent boys for reporting depressive symptoms, but delinquent youths were found to report significantly more depressive symptoms than nondelinquent youths. The implications of these results are discussed …

The Development And Validation Of A System For The Knowledge-Based Tutoring Of Special Education Rules And Regulations, Mark S. Thornburg

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Research indicates that school officials fail to identify a relatively high proportion of school-aged children with behavioral or emotional handicaps. As a result, these children may not be receiving the special education services to which they are entitled. Multidisciplinary team members may be failing to identify these children because they lack understanding of special education rules and regulations. The purpose of this project was to combine the technologies of expert systems and mastery-based instruction to develop an inservice and preservice training program capable of producing mastery-level performance of the skills required to identify children with behavioral or emotional handicaps. Borg …

Evaluation Of Utah's Prereferral Intervention Mandate, J. Ron Nelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The primary purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of Utah's prereferral intervention policy on the numbers of mildly handicapped students receiving special education services. Associated with this purpose, the study was also designed to identify the (a) types of prereferral intervention procedures available in school districts, (b) extent to which the procedures were implemented by schools, (c) effectiveness of the prereferral intervention procedures for maintaining students with handicaps in regular education, and (d) degree of prereferral intervention inservice training. In addition, LEA officials' perceptions regarding the prereferral intervention process were also examined.

It was expected, in …