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The Primary Energy Dependence Of Backscattered Electron Images Up To 100 Kev, I. Geuens, B. Nys, J. Naudts, R. Gijbels, W. Jacob, P. Van Espen

Scanning Microscopy

The backscattered electron coefficient is known to be primarily dependent on the atomic number of the sample. If the atomic number increases, the backscattered electron coefficient increases, which results in a higher intensity in the backscattered electron image. The dependence of the primary electron energy is somewhat more complicated. Using photographic material (with composition AgBr-AgI), it is seen that the contrast in the backscattered electron image increases with the primary electron energy. Using three independent methods, based on image analysis techniques, it is shown that the difference between the backscattered electron coefficient of AgBr and AgI increases with the primary …

Assessing The Effectiveness Of The Change To Technology Teacher Education, Dan L. Householder, Richard A. Boser

Engineering Education Faculty Publications

Many institutions which formerly pre-pared teachers of industrial arts are currently implementing technology teacher education programs. As these institutions change to implement technology teacher education, it is important to obtain an accurate assessment of the effectiveness of the innovation. Change in the teacher education curriculum may be assessed in a number of possible ways, each with several potential advantages. However, there is no generally accepted model for assessing the overall effectiveness of such a major change in technology teacher education. To address this problem, a study was undertaken to develop and verify a set of measures that could be used …

Blaming The Boss: Newsroom Professionals See Managers As Public Enemy No. 1, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

The 1,328 newspaper journalists responding to a national study place "inept managers" atop a list of reasons they think the industry is losing talent. "Bad managers have disillusioned more journalists than I can count," one reporter said, "and I don't see the industry doing anything about it."

Theodore Alvin Hall: A Biographical Sketch And Personal Appreciation, Brij L. Gupta

Scanning Microscopy

As the first in a series of two papers contributed on the occasion of a special program held at the Scanning Microscopy/1989 meeting in Salt Lake City in honour of Dr. T.A. Hall, and in recognition of his achievements for biological electron probe X-ray microanalysis, this paper provides a biographical sketch of Dr. Hall, as well as a bibliography.

Electro-Optical System Design For Information Processing, Clair L. Wyatt

Utah State University Faculty Monographs

This practical text/reference provides a clear,systems-oriented approach to electro-optical system design. Covering electro-optical systems that are used for information processing,the book focuses on those systems that convey information via an electro-optical beam as in remote sensing,guidance and tracking,and fiber optic and laser communication systems. With 30% more pages,this book is a greatly expanded and revised version of the author's Radiometric System Design. Part I prepares the reader to direct and monitor the design of an electro-optical system. Part II gives detailed design considerations of the major subsystems introduced in Part I. A volume in the Optical and Electro-Optical Engineering Series.

Deposition And Resorption Of Calcified Matrix In Vitro By Rat Marrow Cells, J. E. Davies, R. Chernecky, B. Lowenberg, A. Shiga

Cells and Materials

Rat bone marrow derived cells were cultured using a-Minimal Essential Medium supplemented with antibiotics, ascorbic acid and !3-glycerphosphate in the presence of 10-8M dexamethasone, on polystyrene and hydrophilic fluorocarbon substrata for periods of 2 - 4 weeks. During this time, a large yield of bone nodules was achieved and the elaborated tissue was examined by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The matrix produced by the cells contacting the underlying substratum was an afibrillar, globular, calcified material which formed a layer approximately 0.5μm thick. The calcium and phosphorus content of this material was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray dot mapping …

Field-Aligned Current Associated With A Distorted Two-Cell Convection Pattern During Northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field, Lie Zhu, Robert W. Schunk, Jan Josef Sojka

All Physics Faculty Publications

A systematic study of the influence of the ionospheric conductance on the field-aligned current associated with a distorted two-cell convection pattern during northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) has been conducted. Our modeling results indicate that the NBZ current can be associated with the distorted two-cell convection for most of the ionospheric conductivity conditions. It is shown that the conductivity conditions related to the seasonal variation and the aurora activity can significantly influence the basic features of the field-aligned current associated with a distorted two-cell convection pattern. It is found that the increase of the field-aligned current in the polar cap …

1990-1991 Annual Report, Various Authors

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Lecture 16: What I Was Hired To Do Is Not Part Of My Job, James A. Macmahon

Last Lectures

No abstract provided.

Content And Strategies For Teaching Computer-Aided Drafting, Kurt Henry Becker

Engineering Education Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Restoration And Expansion Of Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Brigham City, Utah, Environmental Assessment, U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service

Environmental Assessments (UT)

This Environmental Assessment is designed to evaluate possible actions for preserving and managing the wetland habitat on Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge (Refuge) and to consider additional wetlands for protection of environmental, wildlife, and recreational values.

Exxon Wyoming-Dakota Pipeline Segment 2 And Hartzog Draw Unit Co2 Projects Environmental Assessment, United States Department Of The Interior Bureau Of Land Management

Environmental Assessments (WY)

This Environmental Assessment (EA) has been prepared to analyze potential impacts from the proposed completion of Segment 2 of the Wyoming-Dakota pipeline and the Hartzog Draw Unit CO2 Project. The impacts of constructing the pipeline were originally analyzed in the Bairoil/Dakota CO2 Project's Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The Record of Decision for that document was signed in February 1986, and construction on the first segment was completed in September 1986. This EA analyzes the possible environmental and socioeconomic impacts which could result from the proposals, and to solicit public comments and concerns. This document also serves as a request for …

Exact And Asymptotic Scaling Solutions For Fragmentation With Mass Loss, M. Cai, Boyd F. Edwards, H. Han

All Physics Faculty Publications

Exact and asymptotic solutions to a linear rate equation for fragmentation with mass loss are presented. Solutions for spatially discrete random bond annihilation illustrate the mutual exclusiveness of the fragmentation and recession terms in the rate equation. Exact solutions for deterministic equal fragment recession show that continuous mass loss between fragmentation events can be approximated by discrete mass loss during fragmentation events when this mass loss is small. Evidence that continuous and discrete mass loss preclude shattering mass loss, the loss of mass to zero-mass particles due to runaway fragmentation, is presented. General asymptotic scaling forms, general solutions reflecting arbitrary …

A Simple Method For Ultrastructural Evaluation Of Fragile Collagenous Biomaterials, Arthur J. Wasserman, Yasushi P. Kato, Frederick H. Silver

Cells and Materials

No abstract provided.

Mineralized Matrix Production By Osteoblasts On Solid Titanium In Vitro, B. Lowenberg, R. Chernecky, A. Shiga, J. E. Davies

Cells and Materials

Rat bone marrow cells were cultured on solid commercially pure titanium discs. Extracellular matrix (ECM) formed by the cells and the ECM/metal interface developed were examined by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The ECM most intimately associated with the substratum comprised afibrillar calcium phosphate globular accretions produced by the colonizing osteoblasts. The presence of calcium and phosphorus was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. This initial layer acted as a site of anchorage for collagen fibres, produced by the osteoblasts. However, flaps of tissue elaborated during the culture period and manually reflected created a tissue division immediately above the …

Freezing: Facts And Hypothesis, J. Dubochet, K. Richter, H.-V. Roy, A. W. Mcdowall

Scanning Microscopy

Hexagonal ice crystals formed in frozen biological specimens are large and branched. They can produce severe structural damage by solute segregation but there are also cases where they seem to cause only minor damage. When cooling is more rapid, cubic ice crystals can be formed. These are small and in general, they cause little damage. These observations can be readily explained with the hypothesis that large hexagonal ice crystals can originate from the rewarming induced transformation of a large number of cubic ice crystals. This transformation would take place without significant solute displacement.

The Ultrastructure Of Cryo-Sections And Intact Vitrified Cells - The Effects Of Cryoprotectants And Acceleration Voltage On Beam Induced Bubbling, P. M. Frederik, P. H. H. Bomans, M. C. A. Stuart

Scanning Microscopy

Chemically fixed pancreas was infiltrated with various cryoprotectants to obtain homogeneously vitrified samples upon cooling. The suitability of these samples for cryo-ultramicrotomy was tested. Contrast was hardly detectable initially in thin cryo-sections but increased upon irradiation, irrespective of the cryoprotectant (glycerol, propylene glycol, methanol) used. Contrast and beam damage were analyzed in vitrified thin films from collagen, phospholipid vesicles and various concentrations of glycerol. Glycerol increased the beam sensitivity of both collagen and phospholipid vesicles, but diminished the contrast between matrix and lipid vesicles or collagen fibers. The effects of glycerol as observed in thin films explain some of the …

Journal Of Mormon History Vol. 17, 1991

Journal of Mormon History

TWENTY-FIFTH YEAR REFLECTIONS

--Taking Stock: The Mormon History Association after Twenty-five Years

Davis Bitton, 1

--A Community of Heart

Paul M. Edwards, 28

--In Praise of Amateurs

Leonard J. Arlington, 35

• --"Feme Covert": Journey of a Metaphor

Carol Cornwall Madsen, 43

• --The Mormon Message in the Context of Maori Culture

Peter Lineham, 62

• --Hiram Clark and the First LDS Hawaiian Mission: A Reappraisal

Donald R. Shaffer, 94

• --Waging Holy War: Mormon-Congregationalist Conflict in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Hawaii

M. Guy Bishop, 110

• --John Hyde, Jr., Mormon Renegade

Lynne Watkins Jorgensen, 120

• --"Many Mansions": The Dynamics of Dissent in the Nineteenth-Century …

The Contribution Of Milk Serum Proteins To The Development Of Whipped Cream Structure, Eric C. Needs, Alan Huitson

Food Structure

The role of milk serum proteins in the development of foam structure during the whipping of 38% fat cream was investigated. Proteins were removed from the aqueous phase by washing the cream with simulated milk ultrafiltrate. The natural protein complement was replaced with either casein or whey protein preparations. When creams with different protein compositions were whipped to a defined end point the structural properties of the foams were similar but removal of protein caused a 50% reduction in whipping time. Other creams were whipped for fixed times of between 30 and 180 seconds to investigate the development and formation …

Effect Of Chemical Modifications On The Microstructure Of Raw Meat Batters, Andre Gordon, Shai Barbut

Food Structure

The microstructure and stability of raw meat batters treated with five chemical agents were investigated by electron and light microscopy. Six batters were made with NaCI (2.5%). five of which were treated with either hydrogen peroxide (H,O,), B- mercaptoethanol (B-ME), ethylenediamine- tetraacetic acid (EDTA), urea or Tween 80. The Tween 80 treatment produced a highly unstable raw batter with significant (P > 0.05) fat and water losses. None of the other treatments produced an unstable raw batter.

Microstructural examination revealed that, except for Tween 80, the chemically-treated raw batters were stable and showed some similarity to the control in their microstructure …

Natural Systems For Preventing Contamination And Growth Of Microorganisms In Foods, King-Thom Chung, Chris A. Murdock

Food Structure

Food-borne illness is a vast and costly worldwide problem. Although complex, it may be divided into two major types of animal and human disease: intoxication caused by toxic substances in food and secondly, infection, caused by microorganisms. Toxic substances may be already present in foods, or they may be produced by microorganisms through contamination and proliferation in food. Prevention of the invasion of foods by microorganisms may be achieved by effective use of intrinsic factors found in plants and animals. These factors include pH, moisture content, oxidationreduction potential, nutrient content, biological structures, and antimicrobial constituents. A second type of natural …

Microstructure And Firmness Of Labneh (High Solids Yoghurt) Made From Cow's, Goat's And Sheep's Milks By A Traditional Method Or By Ultrafiltration, A. Y. Tamime, M. Kalab, G. Davies, H. A. Mahdi

Food Structure

Two types of Labneh (high solids yoghurt) were made from goat's and sheep 's milk: (a) traditional style Labneh was produced by straining yoghurt in a cloth bag, and (b) UF Labneh was made by ultrafiltration (UF) of warm yoghurt. A portion of all products were smoothened by a passage through a lactic curd homogenizer. Irrespective of their origin , the Labneh samples contained 20.5-22.5% total solids (including minerals and un-metabolized lactose), 6.7-8.2% protein, and 7.8- 8.9% fat.

Homogenization markedly decreased firmness of the goat's and sheep's Labnehs and is therefore not re~ commended in industrial production . Firmness of …

Ab Initio Study Of The Intermolecular Potential Of Ar–H2o, G. Chalasinski, M. M. Szczesniak, Steve Scheiner

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The combination of supermolecular Møller–Plesset treatment with the perturbation theory of intermolecular forces is applied in the analysis of the potential‐energy surface of Ar–H₂O. The surface is very isotropic with the lowest barrier for rotation of ∼35 cm⁻¹ above the absolute minimum. The lower bound for D_e is found to be 108 cm⁻¹ and the complex reveals a very floppy structure, with Ar moving freely from the H‐bridged structure to the coplanar and almost perpendicular arrangement of the C₂ –water axis and the Ar–O axis, ‘‘T‐shaped’’ structure. This motion is almost isoenergetic (energy change …

Life History And Demography Of The Common Mud Turtle, Kinosternon Subrubrum, In South Carolina, Nat B. Frazer, J. W. Gibbons, J. L. Greene

Environment and Society Faculty Publications

This paper presents a life table for the common mud turtle, Kinosternon subrubrum, in a fluctuating aquatic habitat on the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA, using data gathered in a 20-yr mark-recapture study. Data on survivorship and fecundity (clutch size, per capita clutch frequency) were assessed and compared to previously published life table statistics for the slider turtle, Trachemys scripta, in the same body of water and for the yellow mud turtle, K. flavescens, in Nebraska.

The annual survival rate for adult female Kinosternon (87.6%) is significantly higher than that of adult female Trachemys (77.4%). Similarly, male Kinosternon …

Still On The Beat (Or Would Be): J Educators Value Professional Experience, Want More, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

Journalism and Mass Communication educators have some impressive professional credentials. This survey shows many itch for a chance to get back to the newsroom part-time to keep their skills and knowledge sharp and maintain industry contacts. Many say such professional activity improves both their teaching and research.

Proceedings From The 27th Annual Marschall Italian Cheese Seminar, Various Authors

Cheese Industry Conference

No abstract provided.

A Ranking Of Critical Issues Facing American Families, Glen O. Jenson Ph.D, Ted W. Warstadt

All Archived Publications

In April 1990 a documented list of 33 Critical Issues Facing American Families was sent to a nationwide sample of 1,23 I persons. This list identified and briefly overviewed various social concerns which effect the family as an institution. The sample was selected by State Extension Specialists serving the needs of families. Each specialist was asked to identify 20 people from their state. The sample included persons who were professional staff working for Extension, University teachers/researchers in a family-related discipline, public school educators, and other persons who had and had not used Extension Services in the recent past.

A Flexible Autonomous Power Management System For Small Spacecraft, Ron Dunbar, Gordon Hardman

Small Satellite Conference

Small satellites have used a variety of methods for regulating battery charge and managing solar power variations, mainly adapted from standard practice on larger spacecraft. A computer controlled power management subsystem is described with advantages for small spacecraft. Small spacecraft must be more parsimonious with power because of mass and surface area limitations. The controller provides separate modes for dealing with this scarce resource in load-limited, solar array-limited and battery-limited regimes. A microcontroller implements the strategies chosen for each regime, and is capable of fully autonomous operation. Algorithms have been developed to allow this controller to implement a self-adjusting digital …

Preliminary Design Of The Naval Postgraduate School Petite Amateur Navy Satellite (Pansat) Electric Power And Communications Subsystems, Daniel Sakoda, Mike Noble, Steve Paluszek

Small Satellite Conference

The Naval Postgraduate School's (NPS) Space Systems Academic Group (SSAG) is continuing the design and development of the Petite Amateur Navy Satellite (PANSAT), a small communications satellite. The objectives of PANSAT are to provide: (i.) an educational tool for the officer students at NPS, (ii.) digital communications using spread spectrum in the amateur band, and (iii.) a low cost, space-based platform for small experiments. PANSAT is designed for an altitude of 480 km and an inclination greater than 28.5. The satellite weight is 150 Ibs and has no attitude control. The expected life of the satellite is 2 years. This …

Small Capacity Low Cost (Nih2) Design Concept For Commercial, Military And Higher-Volume Aerospace Applications, James Wheeler, William Cook, Ron Smith

Small Satellite Conference

Nickel-Hydrogen (Ni-H2) batteries have become the technology of choice for both commercial and defense-related satellites in geosynchronous orbits. Their use for low-earth-orbit (LEO) applications is not as advanced, but seems just as inevitable because of their inherent advantages over nickel-cadmium batteries. These include superior energy density, longer cycle life, and better tolerance to over-charge and reversal. Ni-H2 cells have the added advantage in both construction and operation of not presenting the environmental possibility of cadmium pollution. Unfortunately, but necessarily, the design of these cells has been driven to high cost by the sophistication of the satellites and their uses. Now, …