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Application Of The Pyroantimonate Method And Electron Probe Microanalysis To The Study Of Glycogen Metabolism In Liver, Pascale Mentré, Sylvain Halpern

Scanning Microscopy

Glycogen distribution in the liver of mouse under different metabolic conditions was studied by the pyroantimonate (PA) method combined with semi-quantitative electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). In the liver of animals subjected to a sugar-rich diet, glycogen granules were abundant and electron transparent. In fasted animals, they were less numerous and stained by PA, which indicates the presence of a complexed cation. This cation was identified as calcium by EPMA. In both cases, adjacent cytoplasmic areas contained "masked" calcium not revealed by PA but detected by EPMA, which is characteristic of a neutral complexed form; but in the case of the …

X-Ray Microanalysis Of Hamster Tracheal Epithelium, A. J. Spencer, G. M. Roomans

Scanning Microscopy

Studies of ion transport across respiratory epithelia are of great interest if we are to understand the pathophysiology of diseases such as cystic fibrosis in which ion transport is abnormal. Concentrations of elements were determined in various subcellular regions of normal or isoproterenol-treated hamster tracheal epithelium, using X-ray microanalysis of freeze-dried cryosections. Samples of trachea were taken from animals under anesthesia and either frozen in situ or dissected and plunge frozen. Concentrations of Mg, P, S, Cl, K and Ca were higher in cytoplasm and nuclei of control epithelial cells in dissected samples than in cryoneedle samples. Following treatment with …

Polarized Membrane Domains Of Fibroblasts, Z. Somosy, Tamara Kubasova, G. J. Köteles

Scanning Microscopy

Data on the heterogeneous distribution of various membrane domains on the surface of fibroblasts are reviewed. Polarized localization of negative charges is demonstrated and new results on the development and maintenance of polarity in primary human fibroblasts are presented. Cell membrane heterogeneity in fibroblasts and in other cells is compared. Our results indicate that the regional localization of membrane domains of fibroblasts, and their dependence on cell movement and cell contacts is in several aspects similar to that described for epithelial cells.

Element Concentrations In The Intestinal Mucosa Of The Mouse As Measured By X-Ray Microanalysis, Thomas Von Zglinicki, Godfried M. Roomans

Scanning Microscopy

Subcellular ion distribution in villus, crypt, Paneth and smooth muscle cells of the mouse small intestine under resting conditions was investigated by X-ray microanalysis of ultrathin cryosections. In addition, the mass distribution was estimated by measuring the optical transmission of the compartments in transmission electron micrographs.

Each cell type is characterized by a special composition in terms of the major monovalent ions Na, K, and Cl. In particular, among crypt epithelial cells, those cells containing small secretion granula (termed crypt A cells) also display cytoplasmic ion concentrations significantly different from crypt epithelial cells lacking secretion granula (crypt B cells). Monovalent …

Effect Of Duct Obstruction On Structure, Elemental Composition, And Function Of Rat Submandibular Glands, Samuel Sagström, Gun-Britt Sagulin, Godfried M. Roomans

Scanning Microscopy

Obstruction of salivary glands occurs in association with a number of pathological conditions. It has been suggested that the major changes found in the salivary glands of patients with cystic fibrosis are due to obstruction of the excretory duct by viscous mucus. In the present study, the effect of excretory duct obstruction on structure, elemental composition and function of rat submandibular gland was investigated. Obstruction was effected by infusion of a fast-hardening protein emulsion in the main excretory duct. After 1 week, and more pronounced after 2 weeks of obstruction the number of granular duct cells had decreased in the …

Utah Science Vol. 50 No. 2, Summer 1989

Utah Science

62 HAND APPLICATION OF HERBICIDE PELLETS TO 'CONTROL SMALL JUNIPER AND PINYON TREES N. E. West and N. S. Van Pelt Tree defoliation using herbicides that can be applied on foot or from horseback can effectively control "weed" trees in previously chained areas.

66 SHRUB DJEBACK IN THE GREAT BASIN D. A. Pyke and j. P. Dobrowolski Since 1982, shrub dieback has affected one million acres in Utah. The cause doesn't appear to be related to drought. but it might be related to waterlogged soils.

73 SWEETVETCH: A NATIVE LEGUME FOR RANGELAND REVEGETATION T. M. J. Ford. D. A. Johnson. …

The Opisthonephric Blood Vascular System Of The Chicken Embryo As Studied By Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Microvascular Corrosion Casts And Critical Point Dried Preparations, H. Ditrich, H. Splechtna

Scanning Microscopy

Microvascular corrosion casts of chicken embryos between four and 19 days after fertilization have been prepared. The developing kidney was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The injection technique and resin composition were modified in order to facilitate the complete replication of native blood vascular systems of specimens as small as 15 mm body length. The development of the opisthonephros was followed from near the beginning of its function until a vascular development comparable to the adult situation was reached. Critical point dried glomeruli show the differentiation of the glomerular visceral epithelium (podocytes) from initially epithelioid to highly branched forms. …

The Effects Of Retinoic Acid And Butyric Acid On In Vitro Migration By Murine B16a Cells: A Quantitative Scanning Electron Microscopic Study, T. W. Mcgarvey, B. Persky

Scanning Microscopy

Retinoic acid (RA) and butyric acid (BA) were investigated for their effect on in vitro migration of highly metastatic murine B16a melanoma cells. These potential antitumor agents are known to alter the cytoskeleton. Our initial studies determined the 72 h cytostatic /cytotoxic concentration of RA (1 X 10^-6 M / > 1 X 10^-5M) and BA (1.5 mM) / > 2.0 mM). Cytostasis by RA and BA was confirmed by autoradiography and radioisotope incorporation. For migration assays, cells were plated on 3 and 5 μm diameter pore polycarbonate membranes. Complete media was added containing RA or BA at time …

The Lectin-Gold Technique: An Overview Of Applications To Pathological Problems, P. Versura, M. C. Maltarello, F. Bonvicini, R. Laschi

Scanning Microscopy

Lectins are proteins, mainly of vegetal origin, which recognize glycosidic residues with high specificity; for this property they have been used for many studies of molecular biology. The colloidal gold represents at present the most popular electron dense marker employed in immunocytochemistry, since it offers intrinsic and unique characteristics which are superior to those displayed by the other markers.

The cytochemical method which utilizes the gold-labelled lectins takes advantages from both the two systems, in order to optimize the localization of the glycoconjugates.

The present paper reviews both the technical aspects of the preparation of the lectin-gold complex and its …

On-Farm Reservoir Construction In The Grand Prairie Region Of Arkansas: An Engineering Economic Analysis, Jayson K. Harper, Richard C. Peralta, Robert N. Shulstad

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

X-Ray Microanalysis Of Diffusible Elements In Plant Cells After Freeze-Drying, Pressure-Infiltration With Ether And Embedding In Plastic, E. Fritz

Scanning Microscopy

The technique of vacuum-pressure infiltration of freeze-dried plant tissues with diethyl ether and plastic, originally developed for the cellular localization of water-soluble ¹⁴C-assimilates, proved to be suitable for X-ray microanalysis of diffusible elements at the sub-cellular level. Apart from movements of elements caused by ice crystal formation and collapse of eutectic structures several lines of evidence suggest that additional dislocations of elements during the preparation were minimal: (1) Soluble Ca remained evenly distributed in vacuoles, (2) the contents of K relative to Ca were the same at different sites within a vacuole, (3) the relative vacuolar Ca-contents of different …

Calcium Levels In Ruffle-Ended And Smooth-Ended Maturation Ameloblasts, S. H. Ashrafi, D. R. Eisenmann, A. E. Zaki

Scanning Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy was used to distinguish the topographical characteristics of two maturation ameloblast types in freeze-dried blocks of enamel organ tissue. This distinction was based primarily upon the configuration of the distal ends of the ameloblasts and the presence or absence of wide intercellular spaces.

Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry was applied to compare calcium levels in various regions of tissue identified as constituting either ruffle-ended or smooth ended ameloblasts. Greater levels of calcium were found in the distal ends of the ruffle-ended cells than in their proximal ends. In addition, greater calcium levels were found in the distal ends …

Microvascular Casting Of The Lung: Bronchial Versus Pulmonary Artery Filling, Dean E. Schraufnagel

Scanning Microscopy

To determine the importance of the pulmonary or bronchial arteries as the site of injection to cast the lung vasculature of rats, we retrospectively compared a group of normal Sprague-Dawley rats that were cast through either the caudal vena cava and right ventricle leading to the pulmonary arteries or through the aorta and bronchial arteries. There was no difference in the appearance of the whole casts or cast-to-lung weight ratios between the two groups, although an incompletely cast lung that was injected through the aorta showed preferential filling of the pleural and peribronchial regions. Nuclear impressions, a sign of good …

Duration Of Spermatogenesis And Spermatozoan Transport In The Mink (Mustela Vison), Holly Ruth Franz

Biology

The objectives of this study were twofold: first, to determine the time required for development of spermatozoa in the mink (Mustela vison) from the primary spermatocyte to the differentiated spermatozoa in the testis and appearance of sperm in the epididymis; and, the second, to determine the epididymal transport time of the spermatozoa. Using radiotracer techniques, ten mink were injected intravenously with tritiated thymidine and 16 testes were removed over a period of 56 days. Samples were obtained between January and March, the period of maximal testicular development of mink. The tissues collected in the study were processed using …

Evaluation Of Persistence Of Infection In Mice Inoculated Intranasally With Cryptococcus Neoformans, Hossein Mohammadi Sagha

Biology

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen capable of causing chronic-to-acute disease in man when resistance has been decreased by malnutrition, debility, immune deficiency or immune suppression. Because there have been few studies of infection travelling through the upper respiratory airway, the purpose of this study was to examine the spread of challenge doses of intranasally instilled cryptococci from the nose to the lungs, liver, spleen and brain in mice. Cryptococcus neoformans, suspended in sterile saline, was directly deposited into the anterior nares of anesthetized mice. Animals were sacrificed at various times post-inoculation. Cryptococci persisted within the nasal passages throughout …

Apple Maggot In Utah: Developmental Parameters Related To Temperature And Weather Conditions, Sheri Lee Smith

Biology

Populations of apple maggot were collected from an abandoned tart cherry orchard and from a native black hawthorn patch. Developmental times for egg, larvae and pupae were determined at 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C and then were compared to determine if differences existed between populations. For the egg stage, there were no significant differences between the populations at any temperature. For the larval stage, there was a significant difference in developmental times between populations only at 15 °C. For pupae undergoing diapause, significant differences were found at 15, 20 and 25 °C. Based on developmental times, pupal developmental thresholds …

A Comparison Of The Metabolic And Water Relations Of Five Congeneric Species Of Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae), John Martin Wrublik

Biology

The metabolic rates and water relations of five closely related grasshopper species in the genus Trimerotropis were examined. Each grasshopper species was collected from several sites to allow interpopulation comparisons of their physiological traits. At 20°C, interspecific differences in metabolic rate were not found. At 30°C, T. verruculata suffusa had the greatest metabolic rate of all five species. Significant interpopulation differences in metabolic rate at 20 and 30°C were observed for each species. In general, little of the variation in grasshopper metabolic rates was associated with factors reported to affect metabolism (e.g., habitat elevation, latitude, body mass). Significant differences in …

Cultural Resource Inventory And Testing In The Salt Creek Pocket And Devils Lane Areas, Needles District, Canyonlands National Park, Utah, Betsy L. Tipps, Nancy J. Hewitt, P-Iii Associates, Inc.

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This document is the final technical report on the first phase of a multiyear archeological program conducted in Canyonlands National Park. Some of the purposes of this project are to gather information for upgrading the park's interpretive program, increase the scientific understanding of Canyonlands' prehistory, and prepare a research design to guide future investigation. Archeological inventory of 4500 acres in the Needles District revealed a previously undocumented Archaic occupation and showed that Formative peoples using the area were primarily the Mesa Verde Anasazi, not the Fremont and Anasazi as previously thought. The data also indicate that prehistoric peoples used the …

Utah State University Commencement, 1989 – Main Campus, Utah State University

Commencement Programs

Ninety-Sixth Annual Commencement of Utah State University

A Comparison Of The Activation And Detoxication Of Aflatoxin B1 In The Upper Airway From Three Mammalian Species, R. Wayne Ball

Biology

Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) appears to be a risk factor in the development of tracheobronchial tumors in workers occupationally exposed to AFB₁-laden dusts. Tracheal microsomal preparations and explant cultures from species rich (rabbit and hamster) and poor (rat) in numbers of metabolically active non-ciliated tracheal epithelial (NC) cells were used to study the possible effects of this mycotoxin in the upper airways. The metabolism of AFB₁ and AFB₁-DNA adduct formation was greatest in rabbit tracheal explants followed by the hamster with minimal AFB₁ metabolism and AFB₁-DNA binding in the rat. …

Moral Development Theories: Controversy, Bias, And A New Perspective, Julie Ann Robinson

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

This thesis examines the well-established Kohlberg hierarchical model of moral development and allegations of bias within the model. The Cognitive-Development approach to moral development, the Kohlberg model, and a counter-model proposed by Carol Gilligan are presented. The interview methodology commonly used by moral development researchers as well as the applicability of interview data to actual moral decision-making is questioned. A web model that includes the interactions of culture and education in moral modifications is presented as an original alternative to the step-wise models currently in use.

Immunological Characterization Of An Sds/Kcl Isolated Total Protein Antigen Of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 13, Vicki L. Shore

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Because of the damaging effects of bluetongue disease on the livestock industry, interest exists in developing a means of inducing passive immunity in infected animals. Antibodies against VP2, the polypeptide responsible for immunoantigenicity in bluetongue virus (BTV), have been found to elicit neutralizing antibodies; however, production of this purified antigen is very costly and thus impractical for commercial purposes. Total viral protein, prepared by a simple, rapid, highly reproducible SDS/KCl method, was injected into rabbits and found to produce antibodies which are useful in immunoblots. However, plaque neutralization assays failed to detect any neutralization activity by these antibodies. Denaturation of …

Existentialist Themes In Three Works, Mark D. Morrison

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The goals behind researching and writing this thesis are multifaceted and although many are outside of the scope of this paper, they express basic reasons for my choice. The paper is titled "Existentialist Themes in Three Works", and development and discussion are literary and philosophical in focus.

The first and most important reason for my choice was that, being a biology major, this project has provided the opportunity to pursue one of my minors, French. It has given me the chance to work under the direct tutelage of Dr. Lynne Goodhart, whom I would like to thank wholeheartedly. All three …

An Analysis Of Institutional Approaches For Management Of Common Rangeland Resources In Sub-Saharan Africa, Mohale Gabriel Sekoto

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The purpose of this report is to address the issues that are relevant to the management of common rangeland resources in Sub-Saharan Africa. I feel that the issues presented here are among some of those which are important and need to be considered in order to understand the kind of performance perceived about the efforts to develop the range and livestock in pastoral societies. In this report, three case studies have been reviewed, regarding institutional approaches tried to manage common rangelands. These case studies are about group ranches in Kajiado District, Kenya and in Upper Volta and the Sehlabathebe Grazing …

Public School Preschool For Disadvantaged Children: Program Quality And Long-Term Effects, Ellen Frede

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Although preschool for disadvantaged children is strongly supported nationally as a beneficial endeavor, the research that underlies this support has mostly been limited to small-scale, high-quality experiments. Some have questioned the ability of public schools to provide similar experiences for young children and to produce long-term effects. This study is a long-term follow-up in first-grade children who attended preschool in a statewide public school program. The classrooms were observed to assess the quality of treatment. It was determined that children who attended classrooms that provided medium- to high-quality experiences outperformed those in poor-quality classrooms, as well as comparison children who …

Root Exploitation Of Fertile Soil Microsites, Robert B. Jackson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Root exploitation of enriched soil microsites was examined for the tussock grasses Agropyron desertorum and Agropyron spicatum and the shrub Artemisia tridentata. Two mechanisms of exploitation of the microsites were examined: root proliferation and changes in nutrient uptake capacity. One day after nutrient solution was applied to small soil patches, the mean relative growth rate of Agropyron desertorum roots in enriched patches was two to four times greater than for roots of the same plants in soil patches treated with distilled water. This rapid and striking root proliferation occurred in response to N-P-K enrichment as well as to P or …

Management, Foraging Behavior, Diet Composition And Forage Quality Of Free-Ranging But Herded Camels In Ceeldheer District, Central Somalia, Ahmed A. Elmi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In Somalia, camel (Camelus dromedarius) survivability and milk production has been higher than for other domestic livestock and contributes substantially to the subsistence of Somali pastoralists. The objective of this research was to study management, foraging behavior and nutrition of camels in their natural habitat to determine how production continues under seasonal nutritional stress.

Management systems of Ceeldheer pastoralists are based on available natural pasture and water. The natural rotation grazing system maintained an ecological equilibrium in the District.

Pastoralists manipulate their herds to suit existing environmental conditions, family needs and labor availability for herding. In herd management, …

Using Computer Imaging To Assess Visual Impacts Of Forest Insect And Disease Pests, Daniel Rabin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forest insect and disease pests alter the appearance of trees, thereby impacting visual resources. Because of the complexity of most forest landscapes, the degree of visual impact of pest-infested forest stands is difficult to quantify.

This paper describes a method of measuring visual impacts of pest-infested forest stands. Photographs of healthy Ponderosa pine trees were entered into a computer video-image-processing system. Using this system, images of trees were altered to simulate different degrees of infestation by limb rust, a forest pathogen.

The altered and unaltered images were shown to groups of observers who rated the scenes in terms of "scenic …

A Longitudinal Study Of Dietary Intake And Influence Of Iron Status On Infants' And Toddlers' Mental And Motor Development, Steven Matley Wood

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Thirty-two non-anemic children were assessed clinically, biochemically and anthropometrically at six months, one year and two years of age to investigate the relationship of iron status to mental and motor development. Using dietary history and dietary record instruments, dietary iron was estimated and compared to the National Food Consumption Survey (1985) and the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for corresponding age groups. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development (which assess mental and motor development) and the Caldwell Home Inventory (which evaluates the environmental stimuli) were performed and correlated with blood iron parameters, anthropometric measurements and dietary nutrient intakes.

Nutrient intakes of …

Change In Serum Iron As A Measure Of Bioavailability Of Dietary Iron, Mary Beth Wright

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Methods currently used to determine iron bioavailability have disadvantages for both the subjects and researchers involved. One safe and simple method that needs further evaluation, the serum iron absorption method, involves an initial blood drawing, dosages of iron, and blood drawings taken at intervals thereafter. Generally, the rise in serum iron or area under the curve is used to determine iron uptake. Two experiments were conducted using the serum iron absorption method in an effort to improve the utility of this method for the measurement of iron bioavailability. With this effort in mind, an equation adjusting for dose of iron …