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Rodent Population Management At Kansas City International Airport, Gary W. Witmer Jan 2011

Rodent Population Management At Kansas City International Airport, Gary W. Witmer

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Birds pose serious hazards at United States airports because of the potential for collisions with aircraft. Raptors, in particular, are hazardous to aircraft safety due to their size, hunting behavior, and hovering and soaring habits. Reduction of rodent populations at an airport may decrease raptor populations in the area and, therefore, reduce risk that raptors pose to aircraft. Rodent populations can be reduced by population management (i.e., use of rodenticides) or by habitat management (i.e., vegetation and land-use management) that reduces the area’s carrying capacity for rodents. I found that zinc phosphide-treated oats reduced rodent populations by >94% at the …

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Commentary State Of The Berryman Institute, Christopher R. Ayers Jan 2011

Commentary State Of The Berryman Institute, Christopher R. Ayers

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Does Diversionary Feeding Create Nuisance Bears And Jeopardize Public Safety?, Lynn L. Rogers Jan 2011

Does Diversionary Feeding Create Nuisance Bears And Jeopardize Public Safety?, Lynn L. Rogers

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Diversionary feeding of black bears (Ursus americanus) around campgrounds and residential areas has received little study because of concerns that it might create nuisance bears and jeopardize public safety. To evaluate those concerns and assess its effectiveness in mitigating human–bear conflict, we studied diversionary feeding, habituation, and food conditioning at a U.S. Forest Service campground and residential complex near Ely, Minnesota. During 1981 to 1983, 6 bears (2/year) had been removed from this area as nuisances; but during 8 years of diversionary feeding (1984 to 1991), the only removals were 2 bears that had newly immigrated to the …

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Commentary Wildlife Risk To Aviation: A Multi-Scale Issue Requires A Multi-Scale Solution, James A. Martin, Jerrold L. Belant, Travis L. Devault, Bradley F. Blackwell, Loren W. Burger Jr., Samuel K. Riffell, Guiming Wang Jan 2011

Commentary Wildlife Risk To Aviation: A Multi-Scale Issue Requires A Multi-Scale Solution, James A. Martin, Jerrold L. Belant, Travis L. Devault, Bradley F. Blackwell, Loren W. Burger Jr., Samuel K. Riffell, Guiming Wang

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Bird Strikes And Aircraft Fuselage Color: A Correlational Study, Esteban Fernández-Juricic, Jim Gaffney, Bradley F. Blackwell, Patrice Baumhardt Jan 2011

Bird Strikes And Aircraft Fuselage Color: A Correlational Study, Esteban Fernández-Juricic, Jim Gaffney, Bradley F. Blackwell, Patrice Baumhardt

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Collisions between birds and aircraft (bird strikes) pose safety risks to the public, cost airports and airlines money, and result in liability issues. Recent research suggests that aircraft visibility could be enhanced to increase detection and avoidance by birds. We questioned whether aircraft color scheme might play a role in bird-strike frequency. We used public records of bird strikes along with information on flights that were gathered by federal agencies in the United States. We estimated the bird-strike rates and compared them among airline companies using different fuselage color schemes, while controlling for aircraft type. Using an avian vision modeling …

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Increasing Trend Of Damaging Bird Strikes With Aircraft Outside The Airport Boundary: Implications For Mitigation Measures, Richard A. Dolbeer Jan 2011

Increasing Trend Of Damaging Bird Strikes With Aircraft Outside The Airport Boundary: Implications For Mitigation Measures, Richard A. Dolbeer

Human–Wildlife Interactions

A basic tenet of programs to mitigate the risks of bird strikes with aircraft has been to focus management efforts at airports because various historical analyses of bird-strike data for civil aviation have indicated the majority of strikes occur in this environment during take-off and landing at (AGL). However, a trend analysis of birdstrike data involving commercial air carriers from the U.S. National Wildlife Strike Database for Civil Aviation, 1990 to 2009, indicates that this tenet should be revised. The percentage of all strikes that occurred at >500 feet AGL increased significantly from about 25% in 1990 to 30% in …

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Predator Cues Reduce American Beaver Use Of Foraging Trails, William J. Severud, Jerrold L. Belant, John G. Bruggink, Steve K. Windels Jan 2011

Predator Cues Reduce American Beaver Use Of Foraging Trails, William J. Severud, Jerrold L. Belant, John G. Bruggink, Steve K. Windels

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Herbivores must balance energy needs with avoiding risks, using various cues to assess predation risk. The American beaver (Castor canadensis) is a semi-aquatic herbivore vulnerable to predation on land by wolves (Canis lupis). We tested the use of wolf urine as a potential tool to reduce human–beaver conflicts. We used infrared cameras to monitor use of terrestrial foraging trails by beavers during food cache construction in Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Michigan, from September to November 2008. Two foraging trails at 15 colonies (30 total trails) were monitored for 1 week to establish baseline use. One trail …

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The Soap Box Use Of Illegal Methods In Kenya’S Rural Communities To Combat Wildlife Damage: A Case Study Of Laikipia, Nixon Sifuna Jan 2011

The Soap Box Use Of Illegal Methods In Kenya’S Rural Communities To Combat Wildlife Damage: A Case Study Of Laikipia, Nixon Sifuna

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Cost-Benefit Analysis Of Managed Shotgun Hunts For Suburban White-Tailed Deer, Ryan D. Hubbard, Clayton K. Nielsen Jan 2011

Cost-Benefit Analysis Of Managed Shotgun Hunts For Suburban White-Tailed Deer, Ryan D. Hubbard, Clayton K. Nielsen

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Deer managers often utilize managed hunts to curtail burgeoning white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations in suburban areas. Although several studies have used population modeling to focus management, these efforts generally provide only harvest numbers, without considering the spatial placement of hunters on the landscape. Further, few studies have modeled management effort as deer density changes during the hunt. We modeled 2 types of managed shotgun hunts, a replacement hunt, where the stand of each successful hunter would be filled the following day, thus, ensuring the same number of hunters would be present each day of the hunt, and …

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Too Many Hogs? A Review Of Methods To Mitigate Impact By Wild Boar And Feral Hogs, Giovanna Massei, Sugoto Roy, Richard Bunting Jan 2011

Too Many Hogs? A Review Of Methods To Mitigate Impact By Wild Boar And Feral Hogs, Giovanna Massei, Sugoto Roy, Richard Bunting

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Feral hogs (Sus scrofa) are among the most widely-distributed mammals in the world and have the highest reproductive output compared with other ungulates. Worldwide, feral hogs are increasing in range and numbers. Human–feral hog conflicts include impact on abundance and richness of plant and animal species, crop damage, predation on livestock, vehicle collisions, and disease transmission. We reviewed methods employed to mitigate the impact of feral hogs on human activities and discussed these methods in terms of effectiveness, feasibility, costs, and social acceptance. Traditional methods of control include trapping, angering, shooting, poisoning, and Judas hogs. Nonlethal methods of …

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Misconceptions About Black Bears: A Response To Geist (2011), Lynn L. Rogers, Susan A. Mansfield Jan 2011

Misconceptions About Black Bears: A Response To Geist (2011), Lynn L. Rogers, Susan A. Mansfield

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Photo Composition, Stephen Sagers, Ron Patterson Jan 2011

Photo Composition, Stephen Sagers, Ron Patterson

All Current Publications

Photography is the art of capturing an image with a camera to produce satisfying artwork. There are several elements that go into a well-composed photograph.

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Relative Changes In Krillabundance Inferred From Antarctic Fur Seal, T. Huang, L. Sun, John M. Stark, Y. Wang, Z. Cheng, Q. Yang, S. Sun Jan 2011

Relative Changes In Krillabundance Inferred From Antarctic Fur Seal, T. Huang, L. Sun, John M. Stark, Y. Wang, Z. Cheng, Q. Yang, S. Sun

Biology Faculty Publications

Antarctic krill Euphausia superba is a predominant species in the Southern Ocean, it is very sensitive to climate change, and it supports large stocks of fishes, seabirds, seals and whales in Antarctic marine ecosystems. Modern krill stocks have been estimated directly by net hauls and acoustic surveys; the historical krill density especially the long-term one in the Southern Ocean, however, is unknown. Here we inferred the relative krill population changes along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) over the 20th century from the trophic level change of Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella using stable carbon (d13C) and nitrogen (d15N) isotopes of …

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De Novo Characterization Of The Gametophyte Transcriptome In Bracken Fern, Pteridium Aquilinum, J. P. Der, M. S. Barker, N. J. Wickett, C. W. Depamphilis, Paul G. Wolf Jan 2011

De Novo Characterization Of The Gametophyte Transcriptome In Bracken Fern, Pteridium Aquilinum, J. P. Der, M. S. Barker, N. J. Wickett, C. W. Depamphilis, Paul G. Wolf

Biology Faculty Publications

Because of their phylogenetic position and unique characteristics of their biology and life cycle, ferns represent an important lineage for studying the evolution of land plants. Large and complex genomes in ferns combined with the absence of economically important species have been a barrier to the development of genomic resources. However, high throughput sequencing technologies are now being widely applied to non-model species. We leveraged the Roche 454 GS-FLX Titanium pyrosequencing platform in sequencing the gametophyte transcriptome of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) to develop genomic resources for evolutionary studies.

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Achieving Real Development Impact Among Pastoralists: Lessons From Ethiopia, D. Layne Coppock Jan 2011

Achieving Real Development Impact Among Pastoralists: Lessons From Ethiopia, D. Layne Coppock

Environment and Society Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Cattle Ranchers And Conservation Easements, Roslynn Brain Jan 2011

Cattle Ranchers And Conservation Easements, Roslynn Brain

Environment and Society Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Behavioral Momentum Theory: Equations And Applications, John A. Nevin, Timothy A. Shahan Jan 2011

Behavioral Momentum Theory: Equations And Applications, John A. Nevin, Timothy A. Shahan

Psychology Faculty Publications

Behavioral momentum theory provides a quantitative account of how reinforcers experienced within a discriminative stimulus context govern the persistence of behavior that occurs in that context. The theory suggests that all reinforcers obtained in the presence of a discriminative stimulus increase resistance to change, regardless of whether those reinforcers are contingent on the target behavior, are noncontingent, or are even contingent on an alternative behavior. In this paper, we describe the equations that constitute the theory and address their application to issues of particular importance in applied settings. The theory provides a framework within which to consider the effects of …

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Commentary Wildlife Habituation: Advances In Understanding And Management Application, Valerius Geist Jan 2011

Commentary Wildlife Habituation: Advances In Understanding And Management Application, Valerius Geist

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Survival Analysis And Computer Simulations Of Lethal And Contraceptive Management Strategies For Urban Deer, Marrett D. Grund Jan 2011

Survival Analysis And Computer Simulations Of Lethal And Contraceptive Management Strategies For Urban Deer, Marrett D. Grund

Human–Wildlife Interactions

I monitored survival of 34 female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Bloomington, Minnesota, from October 1996 to December 1999. Twenty deer died: nineteen were killed by vehicles, and one was killed in a deer-removal program conducted by an adjacent suburb. Summer survival was high and varied little over the 3 years of study (range = 0.93 to 0.95). Fall survival ranged from 0.84 to 1.00, and winter survival was generally high during the 3 years of study, except during a severe winter (range = 0.72 to 0.95). I calculated population growth rates (λ) from Leslie matrix projections, using …

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Preference Of White-Tailed Deer For Corn Hybrids And Agricultural Husbandry Practices During The Growing Season, Joshua A. Delger, Kevin L. Monteith, Lowell E. Schmitz, Jonathan A. Jenks Jan 2011

Preference Of White-Tailed Deer For Corn Hybrids And Agricultural Husbandry Practices During The Growing Season, Joshua A. Delger, Kevin L. Monteith, Lowell E. Schmitz, Jonathan A. Jenks

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Damage to field corn (Zea mays) by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can be substantial, resulting in millions of dollars lost annually. Numerous methods exist to minimize deer depredation, but all have met with varying degrees of success. Currently, little information is available on preference of white-tailed deer for corn hybrids during the growing season and how that preference might affect depredation patterns. We used adult female white-tailed deer in captivity to study the effect of herbicide treatments on deer-use (treatment versus no treatment) of corn in 2005 and to document preference among specific corn hybrids in …

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Feed Depredation By European Starlings In A Kansas Feedlot, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard, Charles D. Lee Jan 2011

Feed Depredation By European Starlings In A Kansas Feedlot, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard, Charles D. Lee

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Confinement cattle-feeding operations have been associated with large populations of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) during the winter months. Starlings can eat nearly 1 kg each of feed per month (Besser et al. 1968). In the first of our 2 studies, we evaluated feed selection and feed depredation by starlings using 5 concentrate-based cattle finishing diets. Four diets evaluated were in traditional meal-type form, and 1 diet was an extruded pellet. We placed rations into a section of the feed trough that we made accessible to starlings but not to cattle. Of the original 13.6 kg of steam-flaked corn and …

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Livestock And Domestic Dog Predations By Wolves In Michigan, Justin L. Edge, Dean E. Beyer Jr., Jerrold L. Belant, Mark J. Jordan, Brian J. Roell Jan 2011

Livestock And Domestic Dog Predations By Wolves In Michigan, Justin L. Edge, Dean E. Beyer Jr., Jerrold L. Belant, Mark J. Jordan, Brian J. Roell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Wolves (Canis spp.) have recolonized the Great Lakes region and expanded into agricultural areas where there is increasing concern of conflict with livestock. We documented 121 wolf predation events on captive or domestic animals in the Upper Peninsula (UP) of Michigan between April 1996 and April 2009. We investigated the relationship between annual wolf abundance and predation events, seasonality of predations on livestock, and the association between previous winter severity and predations on livestock. The annual number of predations on livestock increased with wolf abundance, and overall, predations on cattle and calves increased during calving season. We observed a …

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Good Fences Make Good Neighbors: Implementation Of Electric Fencing For Establishing Effective Livestock-Protection Dogs, Thomas M. Gehring, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Anna C. Cellar Jan 2011

Good Fences Make Good Neighbors: Implementation Of Electric Fencing For Establishing Effective Livestock-Protection Dogs, Thomas M. Gehring, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Anna C. Cellar

Human–Wildlife Interactions

To be effective, livestock protection dogs (LPDs) must be carefully integrated with the livestock they will be protecting. Others have developed guidelines to assist producers in this training and assimilation process. In many areas fencing is necessary; however, guidelines for containing LPDs and their livestock behind electric fencing are lacking. We present results from larger projects involving LPDs where we encountered issues with fencing and preventing LPDs from roaming from their owner’s property. We found that ranging and escaping from pastures was exhibited by LPDs that were not properly introduced and trained to electric fencing at an early age. LPDs …

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Rock Pigeon Use Of Livestock Facilities In Northern Colorado: Implications For Improving Farm Bio-Security, James C. Carlson, Larry Clark, Michael F. Antolin, Mo D. Salman Jan 2011

Rock Pigeon Use Of Livestock Facilities In Northern Colorado: Implications For Improving Farm Bio-Security, James C. Carlson, Larry Clark, Michael F. Antolin, Mo D. Salman

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Rock pigeons (Columba livia) have been implicated in the spread of pathogens within commercial livestock facilities. Currently, there is no data characterizing pigeon habitat use and movement patterns within and among commercial livestock facilities. To better understand the capacity for pigeons to spread pathogens, we used radio-telemetry techniques to estimate the home-range, travel distance, activity, and habitat use of pigeons roosting on and off dairies and feedlots in western Weld County, Colorado. Our observations suggest that pigeons roosting on (resident) and off (nonresident) livestock facilities use habitat differently. Nonresident pigeons used larger home-range areas than did resident pigeons. …

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Factors Governing Risk Of Cougar Attacks On Humans, David Mattson, Kenneth Logan, Linda Sweanor Jan 2011

Factors Governing Risk Of Cougar Attacks On Humans, David Mattson, Kenneth Logan, Linda Sweanor

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Since the 1980s wildlife managers in the United States and Canada have expressed increasing concern about the physical threat posed by cougars (Puma concolor) to humans. We developed a conceptual framework and analyzed 386 human– cougar encounters (29 fatal attacks, 171 instances of nonfatal contact, and 186 close-threatening encounters) to provide information relevant to public safety. We conceived of human injury and death as the outcome of 4 transitions affected by different suites of factors: (1) a human encountering a cougar: (2) given an encounter, odds that the cougar would be aggressive; (3) given aggression, odds that the …

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Public Perceptions Of Bears And Management Interventions In Japan, Ryo Sakurai, Susan K. Jacobson Jan 2011

Public Perceptions Of Bears And Management Interventions In Japan, Ryo Sakurai, Susan K. Jacobson

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Conservation of bears is a challenge globally. In Japan, Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) and brown bears (Ursus arctos) are considered a nuisance because of agricultural and property damage and personal human danger due to occasional human casualties. Reduction of human–bear conflicts in Japan would improve long-term conservation of bears and reduce risks to human health and safety. To understand Japanese perceptions of and experience with bears, we analyzed results of 5 public surveys and reviewed 29 articles from the research and gray literature in Japan. We compared recommendations for interventions to reduce human–bear conflicts with …

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Using Stable Isotope Analysis To Quantify Anthropogenic Foraging In Black Bears, Jerod A. Merkle, Jonathan J. Derbridge, Paul R. Krausman Jan 2011

Using Stable Isotope Analysis To Quantify Anthropogenic Foraging In Black Bears, Jerod A. Merkle, Jonathan J. Derbridge, Paul R. Krausman

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Deciding whether to monitor, aversively condition, relocate, or destroy a problem black bear (Ursus americanus) can be difficult for wildlife managers. Understanding the extent of anthropogenic foraging within bear populations can provide insight for management decisions about black bears. An innovative way to estimate opportunistically the amount of anthropogenic food in an individual or a population of bears is through stable isotope analysis (SIA), where hair samples can provide an index of assimilated nutrients (i.e., diet) for the period of hair growth. Our objective was to use SIA to determine whether there was a difference between diets of …

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In The News, Joe N. Caudell Jan 2011

In The News, Joe N. Caudell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Soap Box The Wildlife Society Responds To Cnn Report On Feral Horses, Laura Bies, Michael Hutchins, Thomas J. Ryder Jan 2011

Soap Box The Wildlife Society Responds To Cnn Report On Feral Horses, Laura Bies, Michael Hutchins, Thomas J. Ryder

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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Aggressive Body Language Of Bears And Wildlife Viewing: A Response To Geist (2011), Stephen F. Stringham Jan 2011

Aggressive Body Language Of Bears And Wildlife Viewing: A Response To Geist (2011), Stephen F. Stringham

Human–Wildlife Interactions

No abstract provided.

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