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Hydrologic Impact Of Burning And Grazing On A Chained Pinyon-Juniper Site In Southeastern Utah, Gerald F. Gifford, John C. Buckhouse, Frank E. Busby

Reports

No abstract provided.

Utah Science Vol. 36 No. 4, December 1975

Utah Science

The Centennial Year for Agriculture 119

Education in Utah - A Historical Comparison Michael Toney and Michael V. Macfarlane 131

Utah Recreation for Utahans John D. Hunt 133

Pinyon Juniper Symposium - Now in Print 137

1975 Yearbook of Agriculture 138

Salt Cart Revisited 140

Utah Science Vol. 36 No. 3, September 1975

Utah Science

Subdivisions out in the country can be expensive James L. Thompson, Paul A. Randle, and C.M. McKell 83

Coyotes and Deer Darwin B. Nielsen 87

Stem Nematodes - their effects on plants grown with alfalfa G. D. Griffin 90

Prescribed Burning - Effective Control of Sagebrush and Open Juniper Michael Ralphs, David Schen, and Fee Busby 94

Know Your Sagebrush - And Better Your Rang W T. McDonough and R. O. Harniss 99

The Colorado River and Agriculture/Energy Equations John Keith, Jay Anderson, and B. Delworth Gardner 104

Zinc Deficiency in Utah Field Corn - Its Diagnosis and Treatment D. …

Effect Of Salinity On Glycogen Content In The Brine Shrimp, Artemia Salinas, Of Great Salt Lake, Christon H. Merkley

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The brine shrimp, Artemia salinas, is one of the few organisms to be found in the hostile environment of the Great Salt Lake. Salt concentrations in the lake are found to exceed those in the oceans. In such an environment, the utilization of energy, even after it has been procured, presents a problem. The life inhabiting the lake has developed extraordinary adaptations to this and similar problems.

Electron micrographs produced by Dr. Nabil Youssef of Utah State University have revealed that unusual quantities of glycogen can be found in the muscle of brine shrimp taken from the Great Salt Lake. …

Utah Science Vol. 36 No. 2, June 1975

Utah Science

Life in the Great Salt Lake Frederick J. Post 43

Geologic Insights from an Earth Orbiting Satellite Arthur T. Anderson, Alan F. Smith and Lois M. Cox 47

Utah's Horses: A Versatile Resource J'Wayne McArthur 51

Ornament al Horticulture and Turf Management Employment Practices G.A. Long, W.F. Campbell,E.M. Drake, and T. M. McKee 57

Sprinkling with Salty Well Water Can Cause Problems Rex F. Nielson and Orson S. Cannon 61

Pesticides and Alfalfa Maurice G. Zeeman and Donald W. Davis 64

The Art of Making and Feeding Corn Silage Norris Stenquist 69

Multiple Use of Irrigation Canals James J. Kennedy …

Water Quality As An Approach To Managing Recreational Use And Development On A Mountain Watershed: South Fork Of The Ogden River-Ogden Valley Area, Bruce A. Johnson, E. Joe Middlebrooks

Reports

The South Fork of the Ogden River, one of several heavily used mountain watersheds along Utah's Wasatch Front, was studied between February 1 and November 1, 1974, to determine the effects of recreation on water quality.

Although the greatest impacts on water quality occurred during spring runoff, it was found that recreational use had a definite effect on water quality. Bacteriological parameters were found to be the most sensitive indicators of contamination.

Differences between heavy weekend and light weekday recreational use were reflected by differences in bacteriological counts. Also, it appears that changes in bacterial water quality were more closely …

Fine Structural Study Of In Vivo And In Vitro Asexual And Early Sexual Stages Of Eimeria Magna, Harry D. Danforth

Biology

The sporozoites, schizonts, and early sexual stages of Eimeria magna were studied both in vivo and in vitro. Four generations of schizogony were seen both in the animal and in cell cultures. Three different types of schizogony were observed for this coccidia. Nuclear division occurred in the sporozoites to produce sporozoiteshaped schizonts. Internal membrane formation of the first-generation merozoites was seen in these schizonts. Multinucleate merozoites were present in all four generations of schizonts. In the first three generations of schizonts, the multinucleate merozoites or meroschizonts produced the next generation of uninucleate merozoites through internal membrane formation. The internal …

Partial Characterization Of The Genome Of Neonatal Calf Diarrhea Virus (Reoviruslike Agent), Bill B. Barnett

Biology

Electron microscopy, isopycnic centrifugation, thermal denaturation profiles and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to characterize the nucleic acid from neonatal calf diarrhea virus. The genome was shown to consist of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA. The molecular weights of the segments were determined to be: (in million dalton units) 2.18 ± .06, 1.73 ± .07, 1.64 ± .06, 1.48 ± .06, 0.94 ± .03, 0.77 ± .02, 0.50 ± .03, 0.50 ± .03, 0.50 ± .03, 0.29 ± .03, 0.22 ± .02. Six NCDV capsid polypeptides are described. The molecular weights of the capsid polypeptides ranged from 0.15 x 10 …

An Improved Serologic Test For Mycoplasmas And The Effect Of Mycoplasma Arthritidis On The Release Of Lysosomal Enzymes From Cell Cultures, Leland George Foster

Biology

The purposes of this investigation were to develop an improved method for the detection of anti-mycoplasmal antibody and the partial characterization of the effect of Mycoplasma arthritidis on lysosomal enzyme release from cells in culture. A new, rapid, sensitive and specific serologic test for the detection of anti-mycoplasmal antibody is described. This technique is based on the agglutination of acridine orange stained, whole mycoplasmas by homologous antiserum. The antiserum-aggregated, stained antigen is observed using the incident illumination fluorescence microscope. Titer of the antiserum is taken as the reciprocal of the highest antiserum dilution giving agglutination. Autoagglutination was a serious problem …

Some Aspects Of Winter Social Behavior In Dark-Eyed Juncos, Martha Hatch Balph

Biology

The purpose of this study was to examine some aspects of winter social behavior in Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) in an effort to understand the accommodation which members of a flock must make between the need to compete for limited resources and the need to mediate resultant aggression. The specific objectives of the investigation were: (1) to analyze the form and function of visual and auditory signals used by juncos in a social context; and (2) to determine quantitatively the relationship between agonistic behavior and each of several factors including season, time of day, sex, rank, degree of …

The Effects Of Sorbitol (D-Glucitol) On The Induction Of Mutations In Drosophila Melanogaster, David M. Abbott

Biology

Sorbitol (D-Glucitol) is used as a food additive and artifical sweetener. The chemical is known to have several pathological effects, among which are macroangiopathy, neuropathy, and cataracts. These are especially prevalent in diabetics. It was the objective of this investigation to critically examine the genetic effects of sorbitol in Drosophila melanogaster. After determining that sorbitol is not lethal, the imbibing behavior of the flies was tested and tests for the induction of somatic mutations, sex-linked recessive lethals, and chromosome loss were performed. In each case, the experiments were paralleled by appropriate positive and negative controls. In analyzing the data, …

The Development Of Selected Vocalizations Of The Black-Capped Chickadee, Vivian Telford Anderson

Biology

The development of the contact-flight, fright and chickadee-dee calls and song of 20 Black-capped Chickadees, Parus atricapillus, reared in various degrees of social and acoustic isolation was described. A previous study (Anderson, 1970) demonstrated that these vocalizations develop normally in captive-reared Black-capped Chickadees housed with conspecific adults. The present study demonstrated that the contact-flight and fright calls developed normally in birds reared in all forms of isolation. Only the rearing of birds permanently in acoustic isolation cabinets curtailed the development of chickadee-dee calls that fell within the range found in wild populations. Individuals not exposed to conspecific adults …

Contractions Of The Seminiferous Tubules Of The Rat: Effect Of Oxytocin, Progesterone, Prostaglandins, Indomethacin, Cyclic Amp And Theophylline, Louis Ernest Buhrley Jr.

Biology

The frequency and depth of contractions of seminferous tubules from the rat, rabbit, hamster, mouse and squirrel were studied in vitro. Although the contractions were greater in the rat, all the animals had some degree of activity. The contractile activity of a seasonal breeder, the Uinta ground squirrel (Spermophilus armatus), was examined. The diameter of the tubules and the contractility were greater prior to emergence from hibernation and declined markedly during and after the breeding season. Several pharmacological studies were conducted on tubules of the rat. Oxytocin caused an increase in the contractile frequency while progesterone inhibited …

Respiratory Metabolism And Energy Requirements Of Embryo, Larval And Juvenile Mountain Whitefish, Prosopium Williamsoni, Pokkavil Karunakara Rajagopal

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The upper optimum temperature for embryonic development of mountain whitefish is 6 C, and for the post yolk sac stage is 9 to 12 C. The need to know effects on all stages in the life cycle in cases of thermal pollution is demonstrated. Abnormalities caused by thermal pollution in hatched larvae were agape jaws, coloboma or fissure of the eye, monophthalmia or the presence of only one eye, monomicrophthalmia or the presence of one small eye and one case of twinning. High mortalities of eggs occurred at 9 C and higher.

Study of the energy expenditure, by the dry …

The Functional And Aesthetic Uses Of Two Cache Valley, Utah, Canals, James S. Culberson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This report is a local supplement to a wider-focused report on multiple uses of irrigation canals (Kennedy and Unhanand, 1974), primarily concerned with recreational uses. Increasing magnitude and variety of use generated several use conflicts, and the need for a closer look at canal-oriented activities arose. The intent of the study is to show local residents and planning officials the present physical condition of local canals and canal corridors, their present multiple uses, the importance of Cache Valley irrigation canals as recreation systems, and some possible future canal use alternatives.

Leave-Taking Behavior Between Preschool Children And Their Parents, Elizabeth Y. Aoki

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Behavior of 84 parent-child dyads engaged in separation in preschool settings are presented. A factor analysis and correlation matrix revealed patterns of child-parent-teacher interaction, child-parent tactile-affiliative behavior, and child dependency-attachment behavior. The main pattern showed high parent-teacher gazing, smiling, and approaching interaction and high teacher smiling and gazing activity toward the child. A teacher-mediator theory in which the teacher's presence is important as an anxiety-lessening factor in child-parent leave-taking behavior is suggested and discussed to both interpret the findings and for further leave-taking research.

Relationships Between Teat Shape, Teat Erosion, California Mastitis Test, And Milk Production In A Large Dairy Herd, John Sephen Malan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Data were collected from a 1,000 cow commercial dairy unit during three different time periods to determine the interrelationships between teat shape, teat erosion, mastitis (as measured by the California Mastitis Test and somatic cell counts), and milk production.

Results showed no relationship between teat shape or teat end erosion and milk or fat production. The relationship between teat end erosion and mastitis appeared to be masked by the high level of teat erosion. There was an indication that cows with flat and cone shaped teat ends were prone to higher California Mastitis Test scores than cows with pointed, round, …

Dispersion Of The Host Specific Phytophagous Insects Of Duncecap Larkspur (Delphinium Occidentale) In The Wasatch Mountains Of Utah, Robert L. Bayn Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Populations of Delphinium occidentale (Ranunculaceae)were monitored over two summers for the presence and dispersion of various life stages of several host specific phytophagous insects. Observations were made at several sites in the Wasatch National Forest east of Logan, Utah. Two species of larkspur aphid (Aphis rociadae and Kakimia wahinkae) were encountered. Although dispersal of alate individuals resulted in widespread infestation of the host plant population, aphids occurred initially on the same one or few plants at each site both springs. Little coexistence of the two species of aphid on the same plant was observed, perhaps because they partitioned …

A Comparison Of Three Methods Used To Analyze Pronghorn Antelope Diets, Leonard J. Shandruk

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An increasing interest in fecal analysis as a method of determining diets of herbivores prompted research to determine if this method could be used successfully to determine diets of pronghorn antelope found in Utah's cold desert rangelands. In addition to fecal analysis, quantitative estimates of pronghorn diets were derived from rumen analysis and feeding site observations. Rumen samples were analyzed by three different methods: (1) microscopic, (2) gravimetric, and (3) point frame. In addition to field experiments, samples from a feeding trial with a diet of known composition were used to determine whether or not differential digestion of plant epidermis …

Stability Of Stream Communities Exposed To Underground Nuclear Tests On Amchitka, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, Richard Ames Valdez

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A major bioenvironmental effect of The United States Atomic Energy Commission's Underground Nuclear Testing Program on Amchitka Island, Alaska was the decimation of stream communities by drilling muds from the device emplacement holes. These muds reached two of these streams 4 months and 2 years before the Milrow and Cannikin tests, respectively. Recolonization of fishes and macroinvertebrates in these small streams (Clevenger and White Alice Creeks) began 1 month after spill abatement.

Complete recovery of Dolly Varden in Clevenger Creek occurred less than 5 years after the spill. Of the other native fishes, pink salmon spawned 1 1/2 years after …

Integration Of Forage Production And Range Improvement In The Irrigated Gezira Scheme In The Sudan, Abdel Gader Ahmed Osman

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The Gezira is an area of land, a part of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan, which lies between the Blue Nile and the White Nile. The area extends in a triangular shape from the junction of the two Niles at Khartoum on the north to the city of Sennar on the south (Figure 1). The area of this extremely flat plain is approximately two million hectares, one million of which are irrigable. It is considered the largest farm under one management in the world (Barbour, 1961).

The Recreational Use Of Irrigation Canals: Logan City Canals As A Case Study, William R. Gast Jr.

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Irrigation plays a major role in Utah and other arid regions of the West. Canals transporting water from lakes, rivers and reservoires have converted millions of acres of marginal land to rich productive sites and are the lifeblood of western agriculture. These canals are common ingredient in the landscape and life styles of most communities of the state. Cache valley, Utah is one example of an area which has flourished with the use of irrigation canals diverted from the Logan River.

The growth of urban populations and demand for outdoor activities has created need for more local parks and recreation. …

Mechanical Desinewing Of Meat, Kamchorn Tantikarnjathep

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects of mechanical desinewing on yield, proximate analyses and connective tissue content of pork and beef have been examined and its influence on the appearance and palatability of cooked salami was evaluated. Mechanical desinewing removed approximately half of the connective tissue and reduced the tendency for formation of gelatin pockets in cooked salami. Yields from the desinewer ranged from 71 to 87 percent, however, cooking yield defined as cooked weight divided by uncooked weight from the desinewed salami were 6 to 7 percent higher than from the nondesinewed salami. For both the beef and pork there was no significant …

Effect Of Zinc Nutriture And Contraceptive Steroid Injection On Body Composition Of Young Female Rats, Sang Ai Hahn

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forty-nine female rats initially weighing about 95 grams were used in this experiment to determine the effect of contraceptive hormones on body composition in zinc deficient and zinc supplemented rats. Four treatment groups were: 2 ppm of dietary zinc with daily contraceptive steroid injections, or with placebo injection, and 140 ppm of dietary zinc with contraceptive steroid injection or with placebo. The daily injected steroids consisted of 0.1ug of Ethynyl Estradiol and 0.1mg of Medroxyprogesterone in 0.1ml of corn oil. Non-hormone treated groups received 0.1ml of plain corn oil. All injections were administered into the Gluteus Maximus muscle. Food intake, …

Milk Protein Analysis By Automated Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, R. Ford Wilkinson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An automated continuous flow analysis for milk protein utilizing ultraviolet spectroscopy resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.972 and a standard estimate of error of 0.082 percent protein when 30 samples were compared with the acid orange 12 dye binding method. Milk was solubilized in 95-105 volumes of acetic acid using the Technicon Auto Analyzer II and measured for absorbance at 274 nanometers. No deviation from the standard method due to mastitis and varying milk fat concentration was observed. A theoretical model indicated a possible standard estimate of error 0.059 percent protein due to inter- and intra-breed variation in milk …

Evaluation Of A Vapor Pressure Osmometer For Determination Of Added Water In Milk, Kietipong Pensiripun

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A Wescor Vapor Pressure Osmometer measured the osmolality of a solution by sensing the vapor pressure above the solution in a closed chamber. The instrument sensing element comprised a precision thermocouple which measured the dew point temperature depression, a function of the water vapor pressure in the chamber. It used approximately 5-7 microliter samples to saturate a 0.64 cm filter paper disc. The instrument fixed a milliosmolal digital reading and signaled test completion in 110 seconds. The instrument weighed approximately 3. 62 kilograms, was 26. 7 x 24. 1 x 10. 2 cms in size and had a range of …

Comparison Of Compatibility Of Streptococcus Starters In Reconstituted Nonfat Dry Milk And A Whey-Based Bacteriophage Inhibitory Medium, Clinton K. Searle

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Compatibility of mixed cultures of Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus cremoris were studied by the phage tracer technique in 10% nonfat dry milk and a whey-based phage inhibitory medium. Methods of membrane dialysis and differential enumeration were tried and abandoned. Dominance occurred in nonfat dry milk and in the whey-based medium during a continuous fermentation period within a pH range 6.8 to 5.2. The dominance pattern of two-strain combinations in 10% nonfat dry milk was different from that in the whey-based media. Dominance varied from one strain to another in no consistent sequence in some combinations. Dominance patterns of combinations were …

A Five-Year Follow-Up Study: Relationship Of The High Pufa Diet Used In Original Study Of Middle-Aged Adults To Present Dietary Choices, Rate Of Erythrocyte Hemolysis And Serum Cholesterol And Triglyceride Values, Jeanette Parsons Egan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was a follow-up of the Christiansen study which was completed in 1967. Dr. Christiansen's 26 subjects ranged in age from 33 to 60 years. Ten were designated as controls and the other 16 were placed on a high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) diet for a period of 26 weeks.

The purpose of doing a follow-up was to determine what effect the study had on present dietary patterns, serum lipid levels and rate of erythrocyte hemolysis.

Eighteen of the original subjects participated in this study. Of these 18, nine were from the control group and nine were from the …

Applicability Of An Electronic Semiautomatic Somatic Cell Counter To Dairy Herd Improvement Milk Sample Testing, Nianwei Wang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Technicon OSCC II was evaluated for application in dairy herd improvement central laboratories. Dilution using a Fisher Autodiluter made sample preparation for assay less time consuming and more convenient and resulted in the same accuracy as with the manual syringe technique.

Sample storage and the presence of a potassium dichromate preservative tablet had little effect on somatic cell count when tested within two days at room temperatures (20-23 C) or within four days at refrigeration temperatures (4-7 C). The preservative tablet caused an average increase of 14,000 cells/ml. The average cell count dropped 26 percent following two days at …

The Effects Of Gamma Irradiation, Color Mutation And Various Subatmospheric Pressures On The Growth And Patulin Production By Penicillium Expansum And Penicillium Patulum, Karl B. Adams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

To assess the effects of gamma radiation at low doses, spores of Penicillium expansum NRRL 971 and Penicillium patulum NRRL 989 were exposed to doses of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 krads. The amount of patulin for each culture was quantitatively determined and growth at each dose was evaluated. The results showed a 31% increase in the amount of patulin synthesis after a dose of 150 krads for Penicillium expansum. At 200 krads, both fungi showed low levels of patulin production and inhibited growth.

Eight color mutants of P. expansum and eight color mutants of P. patulum were produced …