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The River Of Sorrows: The History Of The Lower Dolores River Valley, U.S. Department Of The Interior

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Freeze-Induced Fibre Formation In Protein Extracts From Residues Of Mechanically Separated Poultry, R. A. Lawrence, P. Jelen

Food Structure

Coagulated protein obtained by alkali extraction and acid precipitation from the bone containing residues discarded after mechanical separation of chicken was textured by freezing in semi-infinite cylinders followed by heat-setting in a microwave oven. Macrophotography was used to illustrate textural differences resulting from pH variations (4.5-6.0) in the precipitated protein, and changes in the ambient temperature used for freezing (-5°C to -32°C). Well identified, permanent fibres were fanned by the process under all conditions studied. The thickness of the fibres decreased and their radial orientation increased with increasing pH and decreasing ambient temperature of freezing. Cross-linkages between parallel fibres of …

Effect Of High Hydrostatic Pressure On Meat Microstructure, E. A. Elgasim, W. H. Kennick

Food Structure

Bovine longissimus muscle was prerigor pressure treated at 103.5 MNm- 2 at 37 °C for 2 min and immediately sampled, fixed and examined by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Parameters like pH, Warner-Bratzler shear force values and sarcomere length were measured and related to the microscopic observations. Pressure treated samples have shorter sarcomere length, lower pH and W-B values. Physical changes include separation of sarcolemmal and endomysial sheath, contraction bands, disruption of myofibrillar structure and increased interfibrillar and intermyofibrillar spaces. At the subcellular levels, disappearance of glycogen granules, appearance of swollen mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum and in some cases …

Food Microstructure

Food Structure

No abstract provided.

Wildlife--Wild Death: Kenya's Man-Animal Equation, Norman N. Miller

Aspen Bibliography

Kenya's game laws, in comparison to those of ancient England, are tame and mild.

Bioassays- Procedures And Results, A. F. Maciorowski, L. W. Little, Ronald C. Sims, J. L. Sims

Biological Engineering Faculty Publications

Bioassay procedures to describe, evaluate, and predict potential hazard of toxic materials to organisms, ecosystems, and health-related aspects of polluted waters continue to receive widespread attention. However, synthesizing these diverse theoretical, methodological, and procedural entities into an integrated multidisciplinary approach to evaluate environ mental hazards of toxic substances remains difficult. Symposia proceedings pertinent to the toxic substances management in ecosystems have appeared¹ and provide an overview of major problems and emerging solutions, including chapters on new bioassay protocols development, and multiple exposure toxicity paradigms. Conclusions and recommendations resulting from a toxicity testing workshop² discussed current state-of-the-art, identified needed …

Non-Random Orientation Of Nest Entrances In Saguaro Cacti, R S. Inouye, Nancy J. Huntly, D W. Inouye

Biology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

An Evaluation Of The Performance Of A Modified Overland Flow Wastewater Treatment System: Sloped Rock-Grass Filtration, Daria Wightman, Dennis B. George, John H. Zirschky, Daniel S. Filip, Judith Sims

Reports

The effectiveness of a sloped rock-grass filtration system in treating municipal wastewater was tested on a 24 m by 36 m (80 ft by 120 ft) slope on a 2.5 percent grade sown with a mixture of rye grass, fescue grass, and bluegrass. The field was divided into six plots, each approximately 3.5 m wide and 36 m long. Three of the plots (slope-rock) were constructed with 9 m of gravel, 7.6 cm deep, on the upper reaches of the slope. Raw (screened, degritted) municipal wastewater from Hyrum, Utah, was applied to the slope-rock sections at application rates of 13 …

Consumptive Use And Water Requirements For Utah, A. Leon Huber, Frank W. Haws, Trevor C. Hughes, Jay M. Bagley

Reports

Foreword: Studies on the meteorological determinants of evapotranspiration were initiated at least as long ago as the 1920s and by the late 1940s had produced the Blaney-Criddle method for estimating crop consumptive use. The resulting ability to estimate water requirements by both location and crop added a new scientific dimension to water rights administration that was first introduced into the courts of Utah during adjudication of water rights in the Escalante Valley in 1949. Application of the consumptive use concept to water rights administration and water resources planning, however, required a wirtten reference. Technical Publication No. 8 entitled "Consumptive Use …

Potential For Acid Snowmelt In The Wasatch Mountains, Jay J. Messer, Lloyd Slezak, Charles I. Liff

Reports

Snowmelt collected from snow cores taken from the 1982 spring snowpack in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah lacked mineral acidity and retained enough buffering capacity in the form of calcium and magnesium bicarbonates to titrate additional inputs of strong acid equivalent to the amount apparently already neutralized. While acid anion concentrations were higher than those found in pristine areas, they were much lower than those reported for winter precipitation in other western areas experiencing acidification of precipitation. Snowmelt pH ranged from 5.62 to 6.88 (mean = 6.17), and sulfate was relatively more important than nitrate, showing an average equivalent …

Impacts Of Western Coal, Oil Shale, And Tar Sands Development On Aquatic Environmental Quality: A Technical Information Matrix; Volume 1 Introduction And Instructions, Jay J. Messer, Charles I. Liff, Kurt Gernerd, Frederick J. Post

Reports

Introduction: The Upper Colorado River Basin contains vast deposits of coal, oil shale, and tar sands, which could undergo extensive development should oil prices rise or an international situation restrict oil imports. Naturally, the prospect of development of these alternative fossil fuels resources has led to concern over how extraction and conversion activities will impact environmental quality. A thorough understanding of the nature and magnitude of the resulting envionemental impacts is a necessary prerequisite, if the costs and risks of such activites are to be weighed against the economic benefits. When we set out to evaluated these costs and risks, …

Development Of Contingency Plans And Scientific Background Studies For Applying Weather Modification During Drought Periods In Utah, David S. Bowles, Marjorie Frantz, Terry Glover, E. Arlo Richardson, Joe L. Sutherland

Reports

A multi-disciplinary study of drought in utah was conducted as a part of the Bureau of Reclamation's Southwest Drought Research Program. The study was administered by the Utah Division of Water Resources. Utah drought was investigated from a variety of viewpoints, including drought climatology, drought meteorology, hydrologic effects of drought, and economic effects of drought. A stand-by wintertime cloud seeding program was designed for all sections of the state. An economics model was then used to determine benfits to the state as a result of the seeding program.

Energy Impacts Of Water Based Recreation, J. Clair Batty, David A. Bell, E. Bruce Godfrey, Craig Howell, J. Paul Riley, Thomas C. Stoddard

Reports

The overall objective of the study reported here was to determine to what extent energy accounting could supplement and/or complement economic benfit/cost analyses of water management projects and to specifically examine the energy impacts of water based recreation. The energy accounting literature was carefully reviewed and an energy accounting methodology applicable to water management was devised. Data pertaining to receation at five reservoirs in Utah were assembled from visitation recoreds and on-site surveys. Energy requirements for site construction, travel to and from the recreation site, and recreation at the site were estimated. It was determined that energy devoted to water …

Nonparametric Analysis Of Right Censored Data With Multiple Comparisons, Hwei-Weng Shih

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

This report demonstrates the use of a computer program written in FORTRAN for the Burroughs B6800 computer at Utah State University to perform Breslow's (1970) generalization of the Kruskal-Wallis test for right censored data. A pairwise multiple comparison procedure using Bonferroni's inequality is also introduced and demonstrated. Comparisons are also made with a parametric F test and the original Kruskal-Wallis test. Application of these techniques to two data sets indicate that there is little difference among the procedures with the F test being slightly more liberal (too many differences) and the Kruskal-Wallis test corrected for ties being slightly more conservative …

Removal Of Nitrogen From Secondary Wastewater Effluent Through No 3-N Reduction Using Sulfur Dioxide (So2), Javid Ghorashian, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George

Reports

The overall purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to remove nitrate-nigrogen (i.e., reduction to a gaseous form) from the secondary wastewater effluent. To accomplish th above task, a jar test procedure was established and the concentration of NO3-N along with the concentration of NH3-N present in the secondary wastewater, treated with SO2, were measured initially and after 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, and 24 hr. Then, the percent NO3-N removal was calculated, comparing the NO3-H concentrations measured in each treatment with the initial values. The above procedures were conducted for …

Reverse Osmosis In The Treatment Of Drinking Water, R. Ryan Dupont, Talbert N. Eisenberg, E. Joe Middlebrooks

Reports

An extensive review of the literature was conducted and results were evaluated for the use of the reverse osmosis process in the treatment of drinking water supplies. All aspects of reverse osmosis technology, including pretreatment requirements; membrane type and configuration; membrane cleaning and maintenance; and reverse osmosis removal of organics, inorganics, and microbial contaminants were incorporated inot the literature evaluation. A survey (Appendix E) of existing full scale reverse osmosis installations was also carried out and results of the survey are discussed. In light of data presented in the literature and results of the survey conducted, the following recommendations were …

Evaluation Of Microcosms For Determining The Fate And Effect Of Benz(A)Anthracene In Aquatic Systems, Judith G. Dickson, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George

Reports

Small scale, three-phase microcosms were used to study the aquatic fate and effect of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benz(a)anthracene. This compound was chosen as a model for carcinogenic PAH because it is a typical constituent of petro-chemical effluents and has middle-of-the-range physical and chamical characteristics. In a series of experiments, techniques were established for monitoring the behavior and for assessing the biological response to the pollutant. Results indicate taht benz(a)anthracene has no acute effect on aquatic organisms as indicated by the parameters used to measure community structure and function (gas productivity, nutrient utilization, biomass accumulation, and species composition). Gas …

Utah Science Vol. 42 No. 4, Winter 1981

Utah Science

121 THE TIME OF YOUR LIFE J. McCullough Ever stop to think how you spend your daily allotment of 24 hours? Researchers asked 210 two-parent, two-child families in Utah for precise answers to that question. Their data may surprise you.

128 SURGE FLOW UPDATE A. A. Bishop and W. R. Walker The Surge Flow method of furrow irrigation is superior to continuous flow by all measures. Tests prove that it produces more uniform depth and advance over a shorter time with less water.

130 THE BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF PARASITIC NEMATODES ON ALFALFA G. D. Griffin Fields of Utah's primary …

Utah Science Vol. 42 No. 3, Fall 1981

Utah Science

97 SHEEP SCAN: An Ultrasound Solution to Sheep Production Problems T. D. Bunch and W. C. Foote If equipment costs can be brought down, sheepmen will have a remarkably useful management tool. Sonar probing can indicate if a ewe is carrying a single or more than one fetus.

100 SHRINK•PROOFING BEEF CARCASSES C. A Stubbs and D. P. Cornforth By minimizing shrinkage and bacterial growth as beef carcasses are held at the meat packers, researchers expect to also benefit consumers.

102 NEW CONCEPTS IN HORSE CONFORMATION L. M. Slade and R. V. Canfield Horses that win races are prized by …

The Yellowjackets Of America North Of Mexico, Roger D. Akre, Albert Greene, John F. Macdonald, Peter J. Landolt, Harry G. Davis

A

This volume is a compendium of data on the pestiferous vespines (hornets and yellowjackets) of the United States and Canada. Sections cover taxonomy, biology, economic and medical importance, and control. Illustrated keys are included for rapid identification of species, and a glossary defines many of the unusual terms used in the text.

Utah Science Vol. 42 No. 2, Summer 1981

Utah Science

63 FODDER BEET -Potential Alcohol Fuel Crop J. C. Theurer, D. L. Doney, and J. Gallian The kind of beet you grow can substantially affect how much alcohol you harvest from an acre. Efficient production demands an informed choice among beet varieties.

68 SOIL SALINITY AND IRRIGATION L. S. Willardson, R. J. Hanks, and R. J. Wagenet Salt in a soil can cause crop yields to drop drastically. Careful management of irrigation waters, however, can eliminate or minimize such effects.

72 WESTERN X DISEASE: New Treatment and New Resistant Cherries S. V. Thomson Cherry growers have long been plagued by …

Isozyme Variation Among Geographic Populations Of The Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Say), James Western Jacobson

Biology

This study was conducted to estimate the arrount of genetic variability present in geographic populations of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae), and to estimate the degree of genetic divergence between these populations. Enzyme products of 11 genetic loci (Acid Phosphatase, Esterase-1, Esterase-2, Fumarase, Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase, Glutamate Oxalo-acetate Transaminase, α-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Malic Dehydrogenase, Malic Enzyme, Superoxide Dismutase) were examined by starch gel electrophoresis for 11 geographic populations from the United States, Mexico, and Europe. The average heterozygosity of L. decemlineata was found to be 0. 201+ 0.043 with an average proportion of polymorphic loci of 0.516+0.078. The …

Studies To Further Evaluate Reoviruses As An Indicator Of Enteric Virus Pollution, Dennis Jack Adams

Biology

A protamine sulfate precipitation procedure capable of concentrating IV/PIV reovirus and rotavirus particles from large volumes of diverse waters was developed. This procedure can be used effectively with rapid immunofluorescent cell assay techniques. Protamine precipitation of both reovirus and rotavirus particles recovered 88 to 100 percent of the viruses added to water, 79 to 100 percent from secondary sewage effluent without suspended solids, 79 to 95 percent from secondary effluent with suspended solids and 82 to 100 percent from raw sewage. Twenty-two precipitations of naturally occuring reovirus particles recovered an average of 5.0 x 104/l from raw sewage. This study …

Protoheme Formation In Barley In Response To Light And 5-Aminolevulinic Acid, Ibraheem M. Ameen

Biology

In vivo 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was found to accumulate in the highest concentration during induced-greening by light flashes, in 8- to 9-day-old etiolated barley leaves, 4.5 and 9.0 hrs after light induction. Maximal concentrations of ALA were accumulated using 75 to 100 mM levulinic acid (LA), a competitive inhibitor of ALA-dehydratase. Only small quantities of ALA were detected in LA-treated tissues incubated in the dark. Protoheme concentrations increased significantly following two flashes of light, 9.0 and 24 hrs after light induction. Similar increases in protoheme were observed after 24 hrs of continuous light compared to no increase in dark controls. …

Electron Microscopic Observation Of The Development Of A Bovine Rotavirus In Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney Cells, Corey H. Mjaatvedt

Biology

The purpose of this study was to describe some of the ultrastructural events which occur in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells infected with bovine rotavirus. Several observations were made in this study which have not been previously reported. First, distension of the rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae was observed to occur before the entry of virus particles. Second, an increase in ribosome-like particles in the cytoplasm was seen to occur. Third, bundles of microfilaments were often seen near the nuclear envelope, mitochondria, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Fourth, two different densities of viroplasm were observed. Fifth, progeny virus particles were observed in …

Primary Genetic Analysis Of Bovine Rotavirus, John B. Syverud

Biology

Cell-culture adapted bovine rotavirus was inactivated by varying exposures to ultraviolet light. The purpose was twofold: (1) to ascertain if efficient recombination would be demonstrated with rotavirus and (2) to determine optimal radiation dosages required to induce lethal mutations while retaining a relatively high efficiency of recombination. When assayed by the immuno-fluorescent cell counting method, the irradiated virus exhibited the phenomenon of multiplicity reactivation, suggesting the existence of a mechanism of genetic recombination. Once it had been determined that the double-stranded genome was suitable for additional genetic studies, a modified plaque assay was employed to screen plaque-purified bovine rotavirus for …

The Ecological Relationship Between Pikas And Marmots In Northern Utah, Andrew G. Goliszek

Biology

1. Pikas coexisting in areas with marmots gathered marmot scats along with vegetation for their haypiles during the summer and fall months. In these areas, haypiles were much smaller than those in areas that did not contain marmot populations. 2. Winter survival rates of pikas which coexisted with marmots were high even though haypiles on the average were small. This high rate of survival is attributed to the energy content in marmot scats which increased the total energy available in the haypiles. 3. The consumption rate of haypile vegetation by pikas in the lab decreased with the addition of marmot …

Utah State University Commencement, 1981 – Main Campus, Utah State University

Commencement Programs

Eighty-Eighth Annual Commencement of Utah State University

The Effect Of Trypsin On Polypeptide Composition And Infectivity Of Bovine, Simian, And Porcine Rotaviruses, John C. Roth

Biology

Bovine, simian, porcine, and human rotaviruses exhibited 8.0, 10.3, 35.4 and 3.2 fold infectivity enhancement in the presence of trypsin although optimal conditions of treatment varied between strains. Infectious titers of bovine and simian rotavirus preparations treated with 10 μg/ml trypsin decreased substantially over a one hour incubation period at 37° C. Serial passage of rotaviruses in cells without trypsin enhancement resulted in significant losses of infectivity with each passage until no infectious virus could be detected. A specific, trypsin-mediated cleavage of rotavirus structural polypeptide P3, which was consistent between rotavirus strains, resulted in the formation of two major cleavage …

Nucleotide Sequence Homology Between Rotaviruses, Jai Myung Yang

Biology

By coelectrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels, bovine, simian, and porcine rotaviruses exhibited different migration patterns in their double stranded RNA genome. There was less variation between bovine and simian rotavirus migration patterns than between bovine and porcine rotavirus patterns. Nucleotide sequence homology determined by hybridization between 3H labeled double stranded RNA and in vitro produced single stranded RNA showed 74 percent homology between bovine and simian rotaviruses, and 8 percent homology between bovine and porcine rotaviruses. The lack of a close relationship between bovine and porcine rotaviruses was confirmed by hybridization between 3H labeled, in vitro produced, single stranded RNA and …