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Articles 1 - 30 of 148
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Traffic Safety And City Public Transport System: Case Study Of Bengaluru, India, P. S. Kharola, Geetam Tiwari, Dinesh Mohan
Traffic Safety And City Public Transport System: Case Study Of Bengaluru, India, P. S. Kharola, Geetam Tiwari, Dinesh Mohan
Journal of Public Transportation
Vehicle crashes are a major concern in rapidly growing urban agglomerations. They also have attracted the attention of researchers, academicians, and policy makers. A large body of research literature exists that throws light on the magnitude of this problem and also indicates the interventions required. In a vast majority of Indian cities, buses are the main mode of public transport. An externality of the bus-based public transport system, like any other mode of transport, is the injuries and fatalities arising out of the crashes involving them. Buses are involved in 12-20 percent of fatal crashes in Indian cities. This paper …
Operation Opera: An Ambiguous Success, Joshua Kirschenbaum
Operation Opera: An Ambiguous Success, Joshua Kirschenbaum
Journal of Strategic Security
To assess the efficacy of Israel's strike on Osirak, one must determine Israel's strategic objectives and their material effects on Iraqi capabilities. The capacity of the facilities to produce fissionable material without detection remains in dispute. So, too, does the timeline—and therefore the imminence—of Iraqi acquisition of a nuclear option. The political cost-benefit equation in this case requires a fair dose of subjective judgment. How much did the Israelis delay the program? How much did Iraqi motivation increase post facto? Is military counter-proliferation a viable strategy? Was the potential Iraqi bomb worth risking a bold, unprovoked attack that inevitably drew …
International Security Strategy And Global Population Aging, Christian Leuprecht
International Security Strategy And Global Population Aging, Christian Leuprecht
Journal of Strategic Security
To be successful, grand strategy requires objectives, concepts, and resources to be balanced appropriately with a view to defeating one’s enemy. The trouble is, of course, that Generals are always well prepared to fight the last war. In the words of Yogi Berra, predictions are always difficult, especially when they involve the future. Yet, grand strategy is all about the future. But how is one to strategize about a future that is inherently difficult to predict? One way to overcome this conundrum is to rely on independent variables that can be projected into the future with reasonable accuracy. Aside from …
Book Reviews, Edward J. Hagerty, David B. Gray, Edward M. Roche, Mark Roberts
Book Reviews, Edward J. Hagerty, David B. Gray, Edward M. Roche, Mark Roberts
Journal of Strategic Security
No abstract provided.
Explore: An Attraction Search Tool For Transit Trip Planning, Kari Edison Watkins, Brian Ferris, G. Scott Rutherford
Explore: An Attraction Search Tool For Transit Trip Planning, Kari Edison Watkins, Brian Ferris, G. Scott Rutherford
Journal of Public Transportation
Publishing information about a transit agency’s stops, routes, schedules, and status in a variety of formats and delivery methods is an essential part of improving the usability of a transit system and the satisfaction of a system’s riders. A key staple of most transit traveler information systems is the trip planner, a tool that serves travelers well if the both origin and destination are known. However, sometimes the availability of transit at a location is more important than the actual destination. Given this premise, we developed an Attractions Search Tool to make use of an underlying trip planner to search …
Devolving Jihadism, Aaron Rosler
Devolving Jihadism, Aaron Rosler
Journal of Strategic Security
The danger and effectiveness of religiously motivated terrorist organizations is undeniable. However, a different type of threat is on the rise on the global playing field as a result of the ongoing operations against these organizations. "Devolved" jihadism, Islamist terrorism conducted by native, amateur, untrained and unfunded individuals, or small ad hoc groups, has recently garnered headlines and the attention of terrorists and counterterrorists alike. These devolved jihadist operations are planned and carried out by native members of a country's populace, radicalized in their home country, resulting in the interchangeable monikers of "homegrown" or "grassroots" jihadism.
Using Gis For Measuring Transit Stop Accessibility Considering Actual Pedestrian Road Network, Mohamed A. Foda, Ahmed O. Osman
Using Gis For Measuring Transit Stop Accessibility Considering Actual Pedestrian Road Network, Mohamed A. Foda, Ahmed O. Osman
Journal of Public Transportation
Bus stops attain their importance to the transit service from being the main points of contact between the passenger and the bus. Considering spatial attributes, both the location and the spacing of bus stops significantly affect transit service performance and passenger satisfaction, as they influence travel time in addition to their role in ensuring reasonable accessibility. Knowing that every transit trip begins and ends with pedestrian travel, access to a bus stop is considered a critical factor for assessing the accessibility of the stop location. In this research, transit stop access coverage is estimated based on the actual pedestrian road …
The Security Impact Of Oil Nationalization: Alternate Futures Scenarios, Peter Johnston
The Security Impact Of Oil Nationalization: Alternate Futures Scenarios, Peter Johnston
Journal of Strategic Security
This article highlights the security impact of oil nationalization, develops and analyzes four energy security scenarios, and suggests options to reduce the potential negative impact of oil nationalization. In addition to the use of oil as a weapon, nationalization of oil can also lead to competition for scarce resources among states, facilitate the funding of terrorists or insurgents, contribute to destabilizing regional arms races, influence intra-state conflict, and sustain antagonistic political agendas.
An Analysis Of Perspectives On The Office Of The Special Adviser On The Prevention Of Genocide, Aidan Hehir
An Analysis Of Perspectives On The Office Of The Special Adviser On The Prevention Of Genocide, Aidan Hehir
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
In April 2004, on the tenth anniversary of the Rwandan Genocide, the UN secretary- general established the Office of the Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide (OSAPG). While the OSAPG has been hailed in some quarters as major institu- tional reform of significant importance, there has been no focused academic analysis of its mandate and work to date. This article addresses this gap and is based on a series interviews conducted with prominent members of the OSAPG itself and experts in the field of human rights. The article analyzes the differing perspectives on the OSAPG and identifies the major …
Memory Controversies In Post-Genocide Rwanda: Implications For Peacebuilding, Elisabeth King
Memory Controversies In Post-Genocide Rwanda: Implications For Peacebuilding, Elisabeth King
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
Intrastate wars and genocides result in devastating losses and leave deep and lasting scars on those who survive. Making space for civilians to share their experiences of violence and to have them publicly acknowledged—especially by their own governments—can be important parts of (re)knitting the social fabric. This article focuses on the experiences of ordinary Rwandans during and after their country’s civil war and genocide. It is centered on excerpts from a series of field interviews and highlights Rwandans’ memories in their own words. This article contrasts this cross-section of civilian narratives with the official memories of violence that the national …
Author Biographies
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
No abstract provided.
Morphological Specification Of Chinianella Scheympflugi Hofmann, 1994, A Late Jurassic (?Earliest Cretaceous) Dasycladalean Alga Of The Western Tethyan Domain, Felix Schlagintweit
Morphological Specification Of Chinianella Scheympflugi Hofmann, 1994, A Late Jurassic (?Earliest Cretaceous) Dasycladalean Alga Of The Western Tethyan Domain, Felix Schlagintweit
Studia UBB Geologia
The dasycladalean alga Chinianella? scheympflugi was described by Hofmann (1994) from the Tithonian of the Ernstbrunn Limestone of Lower Austria. This alga, so far unreported besides its type-locality, is reported from the Late Jurassic of Poland, the Northern Calcareous Alps of Austria, Crimea (Ukraine), and Greece (Parnassos Zone). Facies are well-agitated outer platform habitats (peri-reefal and back-reefal facies). The cylindrical thallus consists of three parts: a sterile Salpingoporella-like basal part (stalk), a fertile Chinianella-type main portion and a short sterile top part. The transition from the stalk to the main thallus portion is well marked and abrupt. The stratigraphic range …
Understanding The Appeal Of The Taliban In Pakistan, Syed Manzar Abbas Zaidi
Understanding The Appeal Of The Taliban In Pakistan, Syed Manzar Abbas Zaidi
Journal of Strategic Security
This article briefly explores the economics of the "Talibanization" of Pakistan within descriptive and contextual paradigms, while attempting to find a best solution to counter rising militancy in the context of realities facing the population on the ground. One such solution is the National Pakistani Counter Terrorism and Extremism Strategy (NACTES), designed to curb Taliban financing in Pakistan. The strategy is being drafted by National Counter Terrorism Authority (NACTA), the nascent homeland security coordination body set up by the state as the primary public organ entrusted with counterterrorism, counter-extremism, and de-radicalization efforts of the state.
Conceptualizing Terrorist Violence And Suicide Bombing, Murad Ismayilov
Conceptualizing Terrorist Violence And Suicide Bombing, Murad Ismayilov
Journal of Strategic Security
This article presents an analysis of different approaches to terrorist violence, with a particular focus on suicide terrorism, using the above mentioned levels of analysis as a conceptual framework to organize this study. In doing so, the article focuses primarily on four selected studies: Khashan's theory of collective Palestinian frustration operating at individual and structural levels; Pape's strategic theory of suicide terrorism, Devji's notion of global jihad, and Hammes' conceptualization of suicide terrorism as one of the strategies of Fourth Generation Warfare, all studied at a strategic level. Drawing on these analyses, as well as on Tilly, this article attempts …
Eriksonian Identity Theory In Counterterrorism, Cally O'Brien
Eriksonian Identity Theory In Counterterrorism, Cally O'Brien
Journal of Strategic Security
Certain terrorists come from unexpected backgrounds. They give up comfortable lives and opportunities in order to wage jihad. Their existence has puzzled various theorists since they came to light. This article will explain how a theory of psychosocial identity formation created by Erik Erikson and his student James Marcia may explain this phenomenon. It will also explain how Erikson's theoretical legacy has contributed to current attempts at increasing moderation in the Middle East through education. Many of those attempts reflect ideas that are drawn from Eriksonian theory, although they are not typically described in Eriksonian terms. Meanwhile, while some theorists …
Social Cohesion And Islamic Radicalization: Implications From The Uighur Insurgency, Tong Zhao
Social Cohesion And Islamic Radicalization: Implications From The Uighur Insurgency, Tong Zhao
Journal of Strategic Security
This article starts with a critical review of the current literature on the Islamic radicalization and Uighur insurgency in Xinjiang, pointing out that existing literature focuses too narrowly on certain aspects of the Uighur insurgency, and is insufficient to explain the causal mechanism of the insurgency and Islamic radicalization. Built upon historical evidence, this article uses sociological analysis to explore the structural changes in the Uighur community over the past decades, and demonstrates the importance and effectiveness of social cohesion theory in identifying the key causal variables which underlie and determine the course of Uighur insurgency and Islamic radicalization. The …
Political Terrorism: An Historical Case Study Of The Italian Red Brigades, Major Victor H. Sundquist
Political Terrorism: An Historical Case Study Of The Italian Red Brigades, Major Victor H. Sundquist
Journal of Strategic Security
As the world's governments become increasingly engulfed in economic and political strife, international leaders should step back and understand what historical realities enabled political extremism to surface in particular regions of the world. More important, these leaders need to recognize what past governments did to counter these movements. Global communities are currently witnessing a dynamic trend of populous uprisings that in some cases, like Greece and the United States, have the potential to severely disrupt the activities of local governments. Consequently, it behooves leaders to reflect upon historical precedence in order to avoid repeating the same mistakes of our forefathers. …
Book Reviews, Edward M. Roche, John Coale, Keely M. Fahoum, Leland Erickson, Mark J. Roberts, Millard E. Moon, Ed.D., Colonel (Ret.)
Book Reviews, Edward M. Roche, John Coale, Keely M. Fahoum, Leland Erickson, Mark J. Roberts, Millard E. Moon, Ed.D., Colonel (Ret.)
Journal of Strategic Security
No abstract provided.
Welfare And Equity Impacts Of Gasoline Price Changes Under Different Public Transportation Service Levels, Aaron Golub
Welfare And Equity Impacts Of Gasoline Price Changes Under Different Public Transportation Service Levels, Aaron Golub
Journal of Public Transportation
The impacts on public transit ridership of changes in gasoline prices and service levels have been studied, while the combined effects of gasoline price changes under different levels of transit service have not. This paper discusses a consumer welfare calculation based on a binary mode choice model for commuters in idealized corridors with varying public transportation levels of service. Welfare losses are seen to be greatest for commuters in corridors with poor public transit options, and losses increase with rising gas prices. Low-income commuters are seen to suffer more welfare loss in corridors with low-performing transit options than in corridors …
Web-Based Weapons Of Mass Destruction Training For Transit Police, Lori A. Magda, Allison N. Canton, Robyn R.M. Gershon
Web-Based Weapons Of Mass Destruction Training For Transit Police, Lori A. Magda, Allison N. Canton, Robyn R.M. Gershon
Journal of Public Transportation
In response to increased terrorist attacks on mass transit systems worldwide, emergency planning and security efforts have intensified. One of the most important planning elements is the provision of training for first-response personnel. Yet few terrorism-related training programs specific to the mass transit sector are available. To address this unmet need, a web-based weapons of mass destruction (WMD) simulation training program, specifically designed for transit police, was recently developed, implemented, and evaluated. Results indicate that this program was effective in improving transit police officers’ ability to recognize and respond to WMD simulations.
Night-Time Operations In Transit Systems: Evaluating The Athens Metro Owl Services, Eirini Veliou, Konstantinos Kepaptsoglou, Matthew G. Karlaftis
Night-Time Operations In Transit Systems: Evaluating The Athens Metro Owl Services, Eirini Veliou, Konstantinos Kepaptsoglou, Matthew G. Karlaftis
Journal of Public Transportation
Public transport operators make significant efforts toward improving the quality of operations by upgrading and maintaining infrastructure and rolling stock, training personnel, and offering better and more responsive services to passengers. Among these responsive services is the extension of service at night (night-time extension) whose goal is to serve night-time demand for passengers. This paper examines, analyzes, and evaluates the performance and quality of the Athens Metro night-time service extension for a two-month trial period. Based on ridership estimates and extensive passenger satisfaction surveys, results indicate that the night-time extension attracted a considerable number of passengers who previously used their …
Style Versus Service? An Analysis Of User Perceptions Of Transit Stops And Stations, Hiroyuki Iseki, Brian D. Taylor
Style Versus Service? An Analysis Of User Perceptions Of Transit Stops And Stations, Hiroyuki Iseki, Brian D. Taylor
Journal of Public Transportation
Transit travelers expend a great deal of time and energy on out-of-vehicle walking and waiting, which significantly affects their perceived burdens of travel. Accordingly, this article is concerned with ways to reduce the perceived burdens of out-of-vehicle time spent walking, waiting, and transferring to improve users’ experience at transit stops and stations. We surveyed 749 transit users at 12 transit stops and stations around metropolitan Los Angeles and found that the most important determinant of user satisfaction with a transit stop or station has little to do with the physical characteristics of the facility; instead, frequent, reliable service in an …
Federally-Mandated Evaluation Of New Starts Transit Projects, David Laverny-Rafter
Federally-Mandated Evaluation Of New Starts Transit Projects, David Laverny-Rafter
Journal of Public Transportation
Over the last 20 years, numerous metropolitan regions in the U.S. have implemented new, and upgraded existing, rail and bus rapid transit (BRT) fixed guideway systems funded by the federal “New Starts” program. Now, one condition of receipt of federal New Starts funds is that the project sponsor conduct an evaluation, called a Before and After Study, to determine the cost and ridership impacts of the transit project. Upon completion of this study, it must be submitted to the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation, which is mandated to summarize these reports and submit them as …
New Observations On Permocalculus Gosaviensis Schlagintweit, 1991 (Calcareous Alga) From The Upper Cretaceous Of The Northern Calcareous Alps (Gosau Group, Austria), Felix Schlagintweit
New Observations On Permocalculus Gosaviensis Schlagintweit, 1991 (Calcareous Alga) From The Upper Cretaceous Of The Northern Calcareous Alps (Gosau Group, Austria), Felix Schlagintweit
Studia UBB Geologia
New thin-sections from the Upper Cretaceous Gosau Group of Brandenberg, Tyrol, Austria, yielded well-preserved specimens of the calcareous alga Permocalculus gosaviensis Schlagintweit. Microfacies are foraminiferal-algal wackestones; stratigraphy is Upper Turonian (?Lower Coniacian). It is shown that the original description was based on oblique sections leading to the incorrect assumption of a piriform segment morphology. Instead, P. gosaviensis is a representative of Permocalculus of the group with constrictions/swellings along the segments (waxing-and-waning type). Permocalculus nikolapantici Radoičić from the Upper Turonian of Serbia is considered a junior synonym of Permocalculus gosaviensis Schlagintweit.
Polito- A New Open-Source, Platform Independent Software For Generating High-Quality Lithostratigraphic Columns, Ciprian C. Stremtan, Alexandru Tudor
Polito- A New Open-Source, Platform Independent Software For Generating High-Quality Lithostratigraphic Columns, Ciprian C. Stremtan, Alexandru Tudor
Studia UBB Geologia
POLITO is a free, open-source, and platform-independent software which can automatically generate lithostratigraphic columns from field data. Its simple and easy to use interface allows users to manipulate large datasets and create high-quality graphical outputs, either in editable vector or raster format, or as PDF files. POLITO uses USGS standard lithology patterns and can be downloaded from its Sourceforge project page (http://sourceforge.net/projects/polito/).