Digital Commons Network^™

The Effects Of Theaflavin-Enriched Black Tea Extract On Muscle Soreness, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, And Endocrine Responses To Acute Anaerobic Interval Training: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Study, Shawn M. Arent, Meghan Senso, Devon L. Golem, Kenneth H. Mckeever

Faculty Publications

Background: Muscle soreness and decreased performance often follow a bout of high-intensity exercise. By reducing these effects, an athlete can train more frequently and increase long-term performance. The purpose of this study is to examine whether a high-potency, black tea extract (BTE) alters the delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), oxidative stress, inflammation, and cortisol (CORT) responses to high-intensity anaerobic exercise.Methods: College-age males (N = 18) with 1+ yrs of weight training experience completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Subjects consumed the BTE (1,760 mg BTE·d-1) or placebo (PLA) for 9 days. Each subject completed two testing sessions (T1 and T2), …

The Daily Gamecock, Monday, February 8, 2010, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

February

No abstract provided.

The Daily Gamecock, Tuesday, January 26, 2010, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

January

No abstract provided.

Clinical Outcomes Of Antimicrobial Lock Solutions Used In A Treatment Modality: A Retrospective Case Series Analysis, P Brandon Bookstaver, Katherine R. Gerrald, Robert R. Moran

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial lock therapy (ALT) may be considered as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) when catheter removal is not a favorable option. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes associated with ALT as adjunctive treatment of CRBSI. METHODS: This was a 24-month retrospective case series analysis evaluating patients treated for more than 24 hours with ALT. The primary outcome was blood culture sterilization for 30 days posttherapy. The impact of ALT duration and time to initiation on central venous catheter (CVC) salvage were evaluated. Logistic regression modeled the association between ALT and sterilization rates, with a prespecified …

Resting Energy Expenditure Changes With Weight Loss: Racial Differences, Xuewen Wang, Tongjian You, Leon Lenchik, Barbara J. Nicklas

Faculty Publications

It is controversial whether weight loss reduces resting energy expenditure (REE) to a different magnitude in black and white women. This study was to determine whether changes in REE with weight loss were different between black and white postmenopausal women, and whether changes in body composition (including regional lean and fat mass) were associated with REE changes within each race. Black (n= 26) and white (n= 65) women (age= 58.2±5.4 years, 25< BMI< 40 kg·m⁻²) completed a 20-week weight loss intervention. Body weight, lean and fat mass (total body, limb and trunk) via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and REE via indirect …

Racial Disparities Between The Sex Steroid Milieu And The Metabolic Risk Profile, Arlette C. Perry, Xuewen Wang, Ronald B. Goldberg, Robert Ross, Loreto Jackson

Faculty Publications

Aims and Method. The present study examined the relationship between the metabolic risk profile (MRP) and total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone using the free androgen index (FAI) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in 36 Caucasian American (CA) and 30 African-American (AA) women volunteering for a weight loss study. Results. After controlling for age, significant relationships were found between TT and diastolic blood pressure (P = .004 and P = .015 in CA and AA women, resp.). Additionally, total cholesterol (P = .003), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = .004), apolipoprotein B (P = .006), …

Metabolic Actions Of Insulin In Men And Women, Faidon Magkos, Xuewen Wang, Bettina Mittendorfer

Faculty Publications

Insulin is an important regulator of glucose, lipid and protein metabolism. It suppresses hepatic glucose and triglyceride production, inhibits adipose tissue lipolysis and whole-body and muscle proteolysis and stimulates glucose uptake in muscle. In this review we discuss what is currently known about the control of substrate metabolism by insulin in men and women. The data available so far indicate that women are more sensitive to insulin with regards to glucose metabolism (both in the liver and in muscle) whereas there are no differences between men and women in insulin action on lipolysis. Potential differences exist in the regulation of …

Secretly Falling In Love: America's Love Affair With Controlling The Hearts And Minds Of Public School Teachers, Kristin D. Shotwell

The Journal of Law and Education

No abstract provided.

Differences In Hospital Glycemic Control And Insulin Requirements In Patients Recovering From Critical Illness And Those Without Prior Critical Illness, April D. Miller, Leslie M. Phillips, Richard M. Schulz, P Brandon Bookstaver, Celeste N. Rudisill

Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Hospital patients recovering from critical illness on general floors often receive insulin therapy based on protocols designed for patients admitted directly to general floors. The objective of this study is to compare glycemic control and insulin dosing in patients recovering from critical illness and those without prior critical illness. METHODS: Medical record review of blood glucose measurements and insulin dosing in 25 patients under general ward care while transitioning from the intensive care unit (transition group) and 25 patients admitted directly to the floor (direct floor group). RESULTS: Average blood glucose did not differ significantly between groups (transition group …

Volatile Profiling Reveals Intracellular Metabolic Changes In Aspergillus Parasticus: Vea Regulates Branched Chain Amino Acid And Ethanol Metabolism, Ludmila V. Roze, Anindya Chanda, Maris Laivenieks, Randolph M. Beaudry, Katherine A. Artymovich, Anna V. Koptina, Deena W. Awad, Dina Valeeva, Arthur D. Jones, John E. Linz

Faculty Publications

Background: Filamentous fungi in the genus Aspergillus produce a variety of natural products, including aflatoxin, the most potent naturally occurring carcinogen known. Aflatoxin biosynthesis, one of the most highly characterized secondary metabolic pathways, offers a model system to study secondary metabolism in eukaryotes. To control or customize biosynthesis of natural products we must understand how secondary metabolism integrates into the overall cellular metabolic network. By applying a metabolomics approach we analyzed volatile compounds synthesized by Aspergillus parasiticus in an attempt to define the association of secondary metabolism with other metabolic and cellular processes.

Results: Volatile compounds were examined using solid …

Specialty Care Use In Us Patients With Chronic Diseases, Jessica D. Bellinger, Rahnuma M. Hassan, Patrick A. Rivers, Qiang Cheng, Edith M. Williams, Saundra H. Glover

Faculty Publications

Despite efforts to eliminate health disparities, racial, ethnic, and geographic groups continue lag behind their counterparts in health outcomes in the United States. The purpose of this study is to determine variation in specialty care utilization by chronic disease status. Data were extracted from the Commonwealth Fund 2006 Health Care Quality Survey (n = 2475). A stratified minority sample design was employed to ensure a representative sample. Logistic regression was used in analyses to predict specialty care utilization in the sample. Poor perceived health, minority status, and lack of insurance was associated with reduced specialty care use and chronic disease …

The Daily Gamecock, Monday, November 9, 2009, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

November

No abstract provided.

A Review Of The National Physical Activity Plans Of Six Countries, Daniel B. Bornstein, Russell R. Pate, Michael Pratt

Faculty Publications

Background: Architects of the United States national physical activity plan can benefit from a thorough understanding of national physical activity plans from other nations. The purpose of this paper was to search for and analyze comprehensive national physical activity plan documents that can best inform the development of the U.S. plan. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for national physical activity plan documents, yielding 252 documents from 56 countries. After eliminating documents that were not written in English, did not address physical activity primarily, and did not meet our definition of a national physical activity plan, we were left with physical …

A Cost Analysis Of A Physical Activity Intervention For Older Adults, Erik J. Groessl, Robert M. Kaplan, Steven N. Blair, W. Jack Rejeski, Jeffrey A. Katula, Abby C. King, Roger A. Fielding, Nancy W. Glynn, Marco Pahor

Faculty Publications

We examined the costs of a physical activity (PA) and an educational comparison intervention. 424 older adults at risk for mobility disability were randomly assigned to either condition. The PA program consisted of center-based exercise sessions 3x weekly for 8 weeks, 2x weekly for weeks 9 to 24 and weekly behavioral counseling for 10 weeks. Optional sessions were offered during maintenance weeks (25-52). The comparison intervention consisted of weekly education meetings for 24 weeks, and then monthly for 6 months. Cost analyses were conducted from the "payer's" perspective, with a 1-year time horizon. Intervention costs were estimated by tracking personnel …

The Daily Gamecock, Thursday, October 29, 2009, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

October

No abstract provided.

Role Of Lifestyle And Aging On The Longitudinal Change In Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Andrew S. Jackson, Xuemei Sui, James R. Hébert, Timothy S. Church, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Background - Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adults decreases with age and is influenced by lifestyle. Low CRF is associated with risk of diseases and the ability of older persons to function independently. We defined the longitudinal rate of CRF decline with aging and the association of aging and lifestyle with CRF.

Methods - We studied a cohort of 3429 women and 16,889 men, aged 20 to 96 years, from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study who completed 2 to 33 health examinations from 1974 to 2006. The lifestyle variables were body mass index, self-reported aerobic exercise, and smoking behavior. Cardiorespiratory fitness …

The Daily Gamecock, Wednesday, October 7, 2009, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

October

No abstract provided.

The Daily Gamecock, Monday, October 5, 2009, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

October

No abstract provided.

The Daily Gamecock, Tuesday, September 22, 2009, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

September

No abstract provided.

Succination Of Thiol Groups In Adipose Tissue Proteins In Diabetes: Succination Inhibits Polymerization And Secretion Of Adiponectin, Norma Frizzell, Mathur Rajesh, Matthew J. Jepson, Ryoji Nagai, James A. Carson, Suzanne R. Thorpe, John W. Baynes

Faculty Publications

S-(2-Succinyl)cysteine (2SC) is formed by reaction of the Krebs cycle intermediate fumarate with cysteine residues in protein, a process termed succination of protein. Both fumarate and succination of proteins are increased in adipocytes cultured in high glucose medium (Nagai, R., Brock, J. W., Blatnik, M., Baatz, J. E., Bethard, J., Walla, M. D., Thorpe, S. R., Baynes, J. W., and Frizzell, N. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282, 34219-34228). We show here that succination of protein is also increased in epididymal, mesenteric, and subcutaneous adipose tissue of diabetic (db/db) mice and that adiponectin is a major target for succination in both …

The Daily Gamecock, Wednesday, September 2, 2009, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

September

No abstract provided.

Sedentary Behavior And Obesity In A Large Cohort Of Children, Jonathan A. Mitchell, Calum Mattocks, Andy R. Ness, Sam D. Leary, Russell R. Pate, Marsha Dowda, Steven N. Blair, Chris Riddoch

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between sedentary behavior and obesity among 12-year-old children, while adjusting for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and other potential confounding variables.

Cross-sectional analyses were carried out with data from 5434 children who participated in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Fat mass was derived using dual x-ray emission absorptiometry (DXA), and height and weight measurements were used to calculate body mass index (BMI; kg/m²). The children wore an accelerometer for seven days. The cut points for sedentary behavior and MVPA were ≤199 cpm and ≥3600 cpm, …

Food Insecurity Among Homeless And Marginally Housed Individuals Living With Hiv/Aids In San Francisco, Sheri D. Weiser, David R. Bangsberg, Susan Kegeles, Kathleen Ragland, Margot B. Kushel, Edward A. Frongillo Jr.

Faculty Publications

Food insecurity is a risk factor for both HIV transmission and worse HIV clinical outcomes. We examined the prevalence of and factors associated with food insecurity among homeless and marginally housed HIV-infected individuals in San Francisco recruited from the Research on Access to Care in the Homeless Cohort. We used multiple logistic regression to determine socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with food insecurity, which was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Among 250 participants, over half (53.6%) were food insecure. Higher odds of food insecurity was associated with being white, low CD4 counts, recent crack use, lack of …

Carbohydrate Intake And Overweight And Obesity Among Healthy Adults, Anwar T. Merchant, Hassanali Vatanparast, Shahzaib Barlas, Mahshid Dehghan, Syed Mahboob Ali Shah, Lawrence De Koning, Susan E. Steck

Faculty Publications

Background - Little is known about the dietary habits of people with optimal body weight in communities with high overweight and obesity prevalence.

Objective - To evaluate carbohydrate intake in relation to overweight and obesity in healthy, free-living adults

Design - We used a cross-sectional analysis

Subjects/setting - The Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2.2 is a cross-sectional survey of Canadians conducted in 2004-2005. There were 4,451 participants aged 18 years and older with anthropometric and dietary data and no comorbid conditions in this analysis.

Main outcome measures - Outcome variables were body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m^{2 …}

Reasons Why Women Do Not Initiate Breastfeeding: A Southeastern State Study, Chinelo A. Ogbuanu, Janice C. Probst, Sarah B. Laditka, Jihong Liu, Jongdeuk Baek, Saundra Glover

Faculty Publications

Purpose - Despite the increase in breastfeeding initiation and duration in the United States, only five states have met the three Healthy People 2010 breastfeeding objectives. Our objectives are to study women's self-reported reasons for not initiating breastfeeding and to determine whether these reasons vary by race/ethnicity, and other maternal and hospital support characteristics.

Methods - Data are from the 2000-2003 Arkansas Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, restricting the sample to women who did not initiate breastfeeding (unweighted n = 2,917). Reasons for not initiating breastfeeding are characterized as individual reasons, household responsibilities, and circumstances. Analyses include the χ^{2 …}

Employed Parents' Satisfaction With Food Choice Coping Strategies: Influence Of Gender And Structure, Christine E. Blake, Carol M. Devine, Elaine Wethington, Margaret M. Jastran, Tracy J. Farrell, Carole A. Bisogni

Faculty Publications

This study aimed to understand parents' evaluations of the way they integrated work-family demands to manage food and eating. Employed, low/moderate-income, urban, U.S., Black, White, and Latino mothers (35) and fathers (34) participated in qualitative interviews exploring work and family conditions and spillover, food roles, and food-choice coping and family-adaptive strategies. Parents expressed a range of evaluations from overall satisfaction to overall dissatisfaction as well as dissatisfaction limited to work, family life, or daily schedule. Evaluation criteria differed by gender. Mothers evaluated satisfaction on their ability to balance work and family demands through flexible home and work conditions, while striving …

Association Between Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D And Breast Cancer Risk, Katherine D. Crew, Marilie D. Gammon, Susan E. Steck, Dawn L. Hershman, Serge Cremers, Elzbieta Dworakowski, Elizabeth Shane, Mary Beth Terry, Manisha Desai, Susan L. Teitelbaum, Alfred I. Neugut, Regina M. Santella

Faculty Publications

Vitamin D has been associated with decreased risk of several cancers. In experimental studies, vitamin D has been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and induce differentiation and apoptosis in normal and malignant breast cells. Using a population-based case-control study on Long Island, New York, we examined the association of breast cancer with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels, a measure of vitamin D body stores. In-person interviews and blood specimens were obtained from 1,026 incident breast cancer cases diagnosed in 1996 to 1997 and 1,075 population-based controls. Plasma 25-OHD was measured in batched, archived specimens by Diasorin RIA. The mean (SD) …

The Daily Gamecock, Wednesday, April 22, 2009, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

April

No abstract provided.

The Daily Gamecock, Thursday, April 2, 2009, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

April

No abstract provided.

Getting Into Hot Water: Ecological Effects Of Climate Change In Marine Environments, Felicia C. Coleman, Laura E. Petes

Southeastern Environmental Law Journal

No abstract provided.