Digital Commons Network^™

Garnet & Black Fall 2011, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

Garnet & Black Magazine

No abstract provided.

Food Insecurity And Sexual Risk In An Hiv Endemic Community In Uganda, Cari L. Miller, David R. Bangsberg, David M. Tuller, Jude Senkungu, Annet Kawuma, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Sheri D. Weiser

Faculty Publications

Food insecurity has been linked to high-risk sexual behavior in sub-Saharan Africa, but there are limited data on these links among people living with HIV/AIDS, and on the mechanisms for how food insecurity predisposes individuals to risky sexual practices. We undertook a series of in-depth open-ended interviews with 41 individuals living with HIV/AIDS to understand the impact of food insecurity on sexual-risk behaviors. Participants were recruited from the Immune Suppression Clinic at the Mbarara University of Science and Technology in Mbarara, Uganda. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated, and coded following the strategy of grounded theory. Four major themes emerged …

Combined Impact Of Lifestyle Factors On Cancer Mortality In Men, Chong-Do Lee, Xuemei Sui, Steven P. Hooker, James R. Hébert, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

PURPOSE - The impact of lifestyle factors on cancer mortality in the U.S. population has not been thoroughly explored. We examined the combined effects of cardiorespiratory fitness, never smoking, and normal waist girth on total cancer mortality in men.

METHODS - We followed a total of 24,731 men ages 20-82 years who participated in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. A low-risk profile was defined as never smoking, moderate or high fitness, and normal waist girth, and they were further categorized as having 0, 1, 2, or 3 combined low-risk factors.

RESULTS - During an average of 14.5 years of follow-up, …

The Regulation Of Skeletal Muscle Protein Turnover During The Progression Of Cancer Cachexia In The ApcMin/+ Mouse, James P. White, John W. Baynes, Stephen L. Welle, Matthew C. Kostek, Lydia E. Matesic, Shuichi Sato, James A. Carson

Faculty Publications

Muscle wasting that occurs with cancer cachexia is caused by an imbalance in the rates of muscle protein synthesis and degradation. The Apc(Min/+) mouse is a model of colorectal cancer that develops cachexia that is dependent on circulating IL-6. However, the IL-6 regulation of muscle protein turnover during the initiation and progression of cachexia in the Apc(Min/+) mouse is not known. Cachexia progression was studied in Apc(Min/+) mice that were either weight stable (WS) or had initial (≤5%), intermediate (6-19%), or extreme (≥20%) body weight loss. The initiation of cachexia reduced %MPS 19% and a further ∼50% with additional weight …

Building Capacity In Physical Activity And Public Health, Russell R. Pate, Jennifer L. Gay, David R. Brown, Michael Pratt

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Association Between The Food Environment And Weight Status Among Eastern North Carolina Youth, Stephanie B. Jilcott, Scott Wade, Jared T. Mcguirt, Qiang Wu, Suzanne Lazorick, Justin B. Moore

Faculty Publications

Objective: To examine associations between various measures of the food environment and BMI percentile among youth.

Design: Cross-sectional, observational.

Setting: Pitt County, eastern North Carolina.

Subjects:We extracted the electronic medical records for youth receiving well child check-ups from January 2007 to June 2008. We obtained addresses for food venues from two secondary sources and ground-truthing. A geographic information systems database was constructed by geocoding home addresses of 744 youth and food venues. We quantified participants' accessibility to food venues by calculating 'coverage', number of food venues in buffers of 0●25, 0●5, 1 and 5 miles (0●4, 0●8, 1●6 and …

Validity Of Estimating Minute-By-Minute Energy Expenditure Of Continuous Walking Bouts By Accelerometry, Erin E. Kuffel, Scott E. Crouter, Jere D. Haas, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., David R. Bassett Jr

Faculty Publications

Background: Objective measurement of physical activity remains an important challenge. For wearable monitors such as accelerometer-based physical activity monitors, more accurate methods are needed to convert activity counts into energy expenditure (EE).

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of the refined Crouter 2-Regression Model (C2RM) for estimating EE during the transition from rest to walking and walking to rest. A secondary purpose was to determine the extent of overestimation in minute-by-minute EE between the refined C2RM and the 2006 C2RM.

Methods: Thirty volunteers (age, 28 ± 7.7 yrs) performed 15 minutes of seated rest, 8 …

The Daily Gamecock, Monday, August 22, 2011, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

August

No abstract provided.

The Daily Gamecock, Friday, August 19, 2011, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

August

No abstract provided.

The Daily Gamecock, Friday, August 12, 2011, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

August

No abstract provided.

The Contribution Of Dance To Daily Physical Activity Among Adolescent Girls, Jennifer R. O'Neill, Russell R. Pate, Steven P. Hooker

Faculty Publications

Background: Structured physical activity (PA) programs are well positioned to promote PA among youth, however, little is known about these programs, particularly dance classes. The aims of this study were to: 1) describe PA levels of girls enrolled in dance classes, 2) determine the contribution of dance classes to total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and 3) compare PA between days with a dance class (program days) and days without a dance class (non-program days).

Methods: Participants were 149 girls (11-18 years) enrolled in dance classes in 11 dance studios. Overall PA was assessed with accelerometry for 8 consecutive days, and …

How Many Steps/Day Are Enough? For Children And Adolescents, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Cora L. Craig, Michael W. Beets, Sarahjane Belton, Greet M. Cardon, Scott Duncan, Yoshiro Hatano, David R. Lubans, Timothy S. Olds, Anders Raustorp, David A. Rowe, John C. Spence, Shigeho Tanaka, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Worldwide, public health physical activity guidelines include special emphasis on populations of children (typically 6-11 years) and adolescents (typically 12-19 years). Existing guidelines are commonly expressed in terms of frequency, time, and intensity of behaviour. However, the simple step output from both accelerometers and pedometers is gaining increased credibility in research and practice as a reasonable approximation of daily ambulatory physical activity volume. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review existing child and adolescent objectively monitored step-defined physical activity literature to provide researchers, practitioners, and lay people who use accelerometers and pedometers with evidence-based translations of these public …

How Many Steps/Day Are Enough? For Adults, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Cora L. Craig, Wendy J. Brown, Stacy A. Clemes, Katrien Decocker, Billie Giles-Corti, Yoshiro Hatano, Shigeru Inoue, Sandra M. Matsudo, Nanette Mutrie, Jean-Michel Oppert, David A. Rowe, Michael D. Schmidt, Grant M. Schofield, John C. Spence, Pedro J. Teixeira, Mark A. Tully, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Physical activity guidelines from around the world are typically expressed in terms of frequency, duration, and intensity parameters. Objective monitoring using pedometers and accelerometers offers a new opportunity to measure and communicate physical activity in terms of steps/day. Various step-based versions and translations of physical activity guidelines are emerging, reflecting public interest in such guidance. However, there appears to be a wide discrepancy in the exact values that are being communicated. It makes sense that step-based recommendations should be harmonious with existing evidence-based public health guidelines that recognized that "some physical activity is better than none" while maintaining a focus …

How Many Steps/Day Are Enough? For Older Adults And Special Populations, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Cora L. Craig, Yukitoshi Aoyagi, Rhonda C. Bell, Karen A. Croteau, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Ben Ewald, Andrew W. Gardner, Yoshiro Hatano, Lesley D. Lutes, Sandra M. Matsudo, Farah A. Ramirez-Marrero, Laura Q. Rogers, Davod A. Rowe, Michael D. Schmidt, Mark A. Tully, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Older adults and special populations (living with disability and/or chronic illness that may limit mobility and/or physical endurance) can benefit from practicing a more physically active lifestyle, typically by increasing ambulatory activity. Step counting devices (accelerometers and pedometers) offer an opportunity to monitor daily ambulatory activity; however, an appropriate translation of public health guidelines in terms of steps/day is unknown. Therefore this review was conducted to translate public health recommendations in terms of steps/day. Normative data indicates that 1) healthy older adults average 2,000-9,000 steps/day, and 2) special populations average 1,200-8,800 steps/day. Pedometer-based interventions in older adults and special populations …

Adherence To Accelerometer Protocols Among Women From Economically Disadvantaged Neighborhoods, Patricia A. Sharpe, Sarah Wilcox, Laura J. Rooney, Donna Strong, Rosie Hopkins-Campbell, Jean Butel, Barbara E. Ainsworth, Deborah Parra-Medina

Faculty Publications

Background: Objective measurement of physical activity with accelerometers is a challenging task in community-based intervention research. Challenges include distribution of and orientation to monitors, nonwear, incorrect placement, and loss of equipment. Data collection among participants from disadvantaged populations may be further hindered by factors such as transportation challenges, competing responsibilities, and cultural considerations. Methods: Research staff distributed accelerometers and provided an orientation that was tailored to the population group. General adherence strategies such as follow-up calls, daily diaries, verbal and written instructions, and incentives were accompanied by population-specific strategies such as assisting with transportation, reducing obstacles to wearing the accelerometer, …

Results Of The "Active By Choice Today" (Act) Randomized Trial For Increasing Physical Activity In Low-Income And Minority Adolescents, Dawn K. Wilson, M. Lee Van Horn, Heather Kitzman-Ulrich, Ruth P. Saunders, Russell R. Pate, Hannah G. Lawman, Brent Hutto, Sarah Griffin, Nicole Zarrett, Cheryl L. Addy, Leslie Mansard, Gary Mixon, Porschia V. Brown

Faculty Publications

Objective - This study reports the results of the "Active by Choice Today" (ACT) trial for increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in low-income and minority adolescents.

Design - The ACT program was a randomized controlled school-based trial testing the efficacy of a motivational plus behavioral skills intervention on increasing MVPA in underserved adolescents. Twenty-four middle schools were matched on school size, percentage minorities, percentage free or reduced lunch, and urban or rural setting before randomization. A total of 1,563 6th grade students (mean age, 11.3 years, 73% African American, 71% free or reduced lunch, 55% female) participated in either a …

Serum Igf-1 Concentrations Change With Soy And Seaweed Supplements In Healthy Postmenopausal American Women, Jane Teas, Mohammad R. Irhimeh, Susan Druker, Thomas G. Hurley, James R. Hébert, Todd M. Savarese, Mindy S. Kurzer

Faculty Publications

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is an anabolic hormone important for growth and development. However, high-circulating serum concentrations in adults are associated with increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Nutritional status and specific foods influence serum IGF-1 concentrations. Breast cancer incidence is typically low in Asian countries where soy is commonly consumed. Paradoxically, soy supplement trials in American women have reported significant increases in IGF-1. Seaweed also is consumed regularly in Asian countries where breast cancer risk is low. We investigated the possibility that seaweed could modify soy-associated increases in IGF-1 in American women. Thirty healthy postmenopausal women (mean age …

June 15, 2011 Faculty Senate Minutes, University Of South Carolina

Faculty Senate

No abstract provided.

Cardiometabolic Results From An Armband-Based Weight Loss Trial, John C. Sieverdes, Xuemei Sui, Gregory A. Hand, Vaughn W. Barry, Sarah Wilcox, Rebecca A. Meriwether, James W. Hardin, Amanda C. Mcclain, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Purpose: This report examines the blood chemistry and blood pressure (BP) results from the Lifestyle Education for Activity and Nutrition (LEAN) study, a randomized weight loss trial. A primary purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of real-time self-monitoring of energy balance (using the SenseWear^TM Armband, BodyMedia, Inc Pittsburgh, PA) on these health factors.

Methods: 164 sedentary overweight or obese adults (46.8 ± 10.8 years; BMI 33.3 ± 5.2 kg/m²; 80% women) took part in the 9-month study. Participants were randomized into 4 conditions: a standard care condition with an evidence-based weight loss manual (n …

Electronic Feedback In A Diet- And Physical Activity-Based Intervention For Weight Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Sara L. Shuger, Vaughn W. Barry, Xuemei Sui, Amanda C. Mcclain, Gregory A. Hand, Sarah Wilcox, Rebecca A. Meriwether, James W. Hardin, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Background: The SenseWear^TM Armband (SWA) (BodyMedia, Inc. Pittsburgh, PA) is a physical activity and lifestyle monitor that objectively and accurately measures free-living energy balance and sleep and includes software for self-monitoring of daily energy expenditure and energy intake. The real-time feedback of the SWA can improve individual self-monitoring and, therefore, enhance weight loss outcomes.

Methods: We recruited 197 sedentary overweight or obese adults (age, 46.8 ± 10.8 y; body mass index (BMI), 33.3 ± 5.2 kg/m²; 81% women, 32% African-American) from the greater Columbia, South Carolina area. Participants were randomized into 1 of 4 groups, a self-directed …

Bmi Trajectories During The Transition To Older Adulthood: Persistent, Widening, Or Diminishing Disparities By Ethnicity And Education?, Katrina M. Walsemann, Jennifer A. Ailshire

Faculty Publications

Previous research has produced inconsistent results on whether education and ethnic disparities in BMI persist, widen, or diminish over time. We investigate how education and ethnicity, independently and conditionally, influence BMI trajectories during the transition to older adulthood. Employing random coefficient modeling, we analyzed 8 biennial waves of data (1992-2006) from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative longitudinal study of individuals born between 1931 and 1941. After adjusting for health behaviors and health status, education and ethnic disparities in BMI persisted for most groups, but narrowed between high-educated white men and both low-educated Hispanic men and high-educated black …

Physical Activity And Sedentary Activity Patterns Among Children And Adolescents: A Latent Class Analysis Approach, Carrie D. Patnode, Leslie A. Lytle, Darin J. Erickson, John R. Sirard, Daheia J. Barr-Anderson, Mary Story

Faculty Publications

Background: While much is known about the overall levels of physical activity and sedentary activity among youth, few studies have attempted to define clusters of such behaviors. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe unique classes of youth based on their perception in a variety of physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Methods: Latent class analysis was used to characterize segments of youth based on patterns of self-reported and accelerometer-measured participation in 12 behaviors. Children and adolescents (N =720) from 6th-11th grade were included in the analysis. Differences in class membership were examined using multinomial logistic …

Trends Over 5 Decades In U.S. Occupation-Related Physical Activity And Their Associations With Obesity, Timothy S. Church, Diana M. Thomas, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Conrad P. Earnest, Ruben Q. Rodarte, Corby K. Martin, Steven N. Blair, Claude Bouchard

Faculty Publications

Background: The true causes of the obesity epidemic are not well understood and there are few longitudinal population-based data published examining this issue. The objective of this analysis was to examine trends in occupational physical activity during the past 5 decades and explore how these trends relate to concurrent changes in body weight in the U.S.

Methodology/Principle Findings: Analysis of energy expenditure for occupations in U.S. private industry since 1960 using data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Mean body weight was derived from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). In the early 1960's almost half …

The Daily Gamecock, Monday, April 25, 2011, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

April

No abstract provided.

The Daily Gamecock, Friday, April 22, 2011, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

April

No abstract provided.

Identification Of A Phytase Gene In Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.), Fei Dai, Long Qiu, Lingzhen Ye, Dezhi Wu, Meixue Zhou, Guoping Zhang

Publications

BACKGROUND: Endogenous phytase plays a crucial role in phytate degradation and is thus closely related to nutrient efficiency in barley products. The understanding of genetic information of phytase in barley can provide a useful tool for breeding new barley varieties with high phytase activity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for phytase activity was conducted using a doubled haploid population. Phytase protein was purified and identified by the LC-ESI MS/MS Shotgun method. Purple acid phosphatase (PAP) gene was sequenced and the position was compared with the QTL controlling phytase activity. A major QTL for phytase activity was mapped to …

Carolinina Columns - Spring 2011, University Libraries--University Of South Carolina

University South Caroliniana Society Newsletter - Columns

Contents:

Digital Collections Offer Library Treasures Worldwide..... p.1
Letter from the Dean of Libraries..... p.3
Report from the Director..... p.4
Thaddeus Lowe: His Confederate Adventure..... p.6
A Gospel of Health - Hilla Sheriff's Crusade Against Malnutrition in South Carolina..... p.11
Ben Roberts - Southern Railway Photograph Collection ..... p.14
Distinguished Professor Emeritus John Herr Proposes a New Tune for USC's Alma Mater..... p.16
The James McBride Collection: Window on an Extraordinary Man..... p.17
The Simms Initiatives..... p.18
Memorials..... p.19
South Carolina and the Civil War..... p.20

Health Food Advocacy And The National School Lunch Program Chalk Talk, Reed Troutman

The Journal of Law and Education

No abstract provided.

Identifying Postpartum Intervention Approaches To Preventing Type 2 Diabetes In Women With A History Of Gestational Diabetes, Jacinda M. Nicklas, Chloe A. Zera, Ellen W. Seely, Zainab S. Abdul-Rahim, Noelle D. Rudloff, Sue E. Levkoff

Faculty and Staff Publications

Background: Women who develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes. Despite this "window of opportunity," few intervention studies have targeted postpartum women with a history of GDM. We sought perspectives of women with a history of GDM to identify a) barriers and facilitators to healthy lifestyle changes postpartum, and b) specific intervention approaches that would facilitate participation in a postpartum lifestyle intervention program.

Methods: We used mixed methods to gather data from women with a prior history of GDM, including focus groups and informant interviews. Analysis of focus groups relied on …

The Daily Gamecock, Thursday, March 17, 2011, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

March

No abstract provided.