Digital Commons Network^™

The Troubling Emergence Of Hallucination In Large Language Models--An Extensive Definition, Quantification, And Prescriptive Remediations, Vipula Rawte, Swagata Chakraborty, Agnibh Pathak, Anubhav Sarkar, S.M Towhidul Islam Tonmoy, Aman Chadha, Amit Sheth, Amitava Das

Publications

The recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered widespread acclaim for their remarkable emerging capabilities. However, the issue of hallucination has parallelly emerged as a by-product, posing significant concerns. While some recent endeavors have been made to identify and mitigate different types of hallucination, there has been a limited emphasis on the nuanced categorization of hallucination and associated mitigation methods. To address this gap, we offer a finegrained discourse on profiling hallucination based on its degree, orientation, and category, along with offering strategies for alleviation. As such, we define two overarching orientations of hallucination: (i) factual mirage (FM) …

The Validity And Reliability Of Assessments Through Telemedicine: An Evidence-To-Practice Review, Connor L. Givens, Gabrielle A. Griffin, Matthew D. Johnson, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The validity and reliability of telemedicine assessments has been explored through numerous studies. Telemedicine is a diagnostic tool that combines visual technology, audio technology, and tools for assessment. The assessment of musculoskeletal disorders is a key portion in the field of athletic training. The development of telemedicine assessment tools has improved over time but has not yet been perfected. Data was collected via four databases that included articles examining validity, inter- and intra- rater reliability, and telemedicine assessment for musculoskeletal tests. The reviews of the systematic review used Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) and quality appraisal tool for …

Return-To-Tennis Considerations And An Elusive Diagnosis For A Cuboid Avulsion Fracture: A Disablement Model Case Study, Grant G. Yee, Zachary K. Winkelmann, Zoe J. Foster

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

This disablement-model case study is focused on a 23-year-old NCAA Division I men’s tennis player that sustained an injury in a competitive singles tennis match. Upon initial examination, the athletic trainer diagnosed the individual with an anterior talofibular ligament sprain and treated conservatively. The patient experienced significant disruptions to his activities of daily living due to his difficulties with ambulation during the early stages of his recovery. Interestingly, the patient was eventually diagnosed with a cuboid avulsion fracture. Midfoot fractures are uncommonly experienced in the general population, and are particularly uncommon in tennis athletes, making them difficult to recognize. Clinical …

Review Of Diagnostic Accuracy Of The Ottawa Knee Rules In Adult Acute Knee Injuries, Sean L. Glover, Amy M. Loveless, Sara A. Posson, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Acute knee injuries are commonly found in athletic populations. The wide range of knee injuries can present a challenge deciding which injuries require imaging. Currently, radiography is considered the gold standard of imaging for knee fractures. However, imaging is often costly not only for the patient, but also for the healthcare system. Since imaging is expensive, it is critical that clinicians decipher which patients require such testing. The Ottawa Knee Rules (OKR) is a predictor tool created by Stiell et al in 1995 to help clinicians accurately distinguish potential knee fractures from non-fractures for imaging purposes. The OKR guidelines state …

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Of A College Student With A Prosthetic Limb: A Disablement Model Case Study, Sara A. Zilvetti, Amanda Y. Young, Jeff Stein, Scott E. Lawrance

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

This case examines a 19-year-old male college student with a left anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) secondary to a motor vehicle accident (MVA). The accident caused numerous severe injuries to both lower limbs including untreatable right lower leg injuries, leading to a right below knee amputation, and a left ACL tear. Before the accident, the patient was a varsity cross country and track athlete expecting to continue in college. Six weeks following surgical reconstruction, the patient reported to the rehabilitation clinic for standard ACLR rehabilitation practices including lower leg and proximal hip strengthening, attaining full knee ROM, and balance exercises. …

Superficial Peroneal Nerve Entrapment In Female Collegiate Tennis Athlete: A Disablement Model Case Study, Sarah Branning, Neeru Jayanthi, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

A 19-year-old female, NCAA Division I collegiate tennis player presented with a burning and aching sensation halfway up the lateral portion of her right calf following an extensive period spent in a squatting position. This discomfort began distal to the fibular head, then ran along her lateral calf, reached into her ankle, and wrapped behind the lateral malleolus. Initially, the patient only noticed this discomfort during long durations of physical activity. However, she began to report symptoms with activities of daily living (ADLs) and following workouts. The patient first received a working diagnosis of a stress reaction along the mid …

Effects Of Social Determinants Of Health And Diabetes On A Lower Extremity Workplace Injury: A Disablement Model Case Study, Bridget L. Davidson, Richelle M. Williams, Sean M. Rogers

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

This clinical case study involves a 36-year-old male patient who injured his right lower leg while working in the kitchen at a county correctional institution. The mechanism of injury involved the patient getting his foot caught under a wooden pallet, losing his balance, and then catching himself on his right leg in a twisting motion. The injury led to the patient seeking care in the emergency department and was diagnosed with a nonspecific strain of the right triceps surae muscle group. Upon discharge, the patient was referred to outpatient athletic training services within the hospital system. Follow-up care provided by …

Prioritizing Patient-Centered Care When Integrating Athletic Training Students Into Clinical Practice, Amber Kingsley, Amy L. Fraley, Krista M. Richards, Matthew J. Drescher, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Athletic trainers are responsible for the patient care of student-athletes but also can be responsible for the education and mentorship of athletic training (AT) students through the role of preceptor. ATSs require extensive first-hand clinical experiences to prepare them for autonomous practice but must first feel comfortable with the skills they have learned to apply them in clinical practice. The unique clinical experience these ATSs experienced was the combined experience of a graduate assistant athletic trainer preceptor who also assisted as a teaching assistant in the classroom. This allowed the preceptor to help the ATSs expand on the information provided …

University Football Player With Hoffa’S Fat Pad Syndrome: A Disablement Model Case Study, Kaitlyn Jones, Kristy Dao, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

A 23-year-old university football player presented with acute onset anterior knee pain with no distinct mechanism of injury. The pain began soon after the start of fall football camp and prevented the patient from participating in team activities, including weights and practices. Along with pain, the patient experienced edema, decreased knee flexion range of motion, and an antalgic gait. The findings of the evaluation of this patient were consistent with Hoffa’s fat pad syndrome, an inflammatory and impingement condition of the infrapatellar fat pad that is often a rare diagnosis of exclusion. Conservative treatment was used for this patient, which …

Knowledge Of And Attitudes Toward Native American And First Nations People Among Ncaa Division I Athletic Trainers, L E. Trail, L K. Warner, B J. Warner, M Decker, S A. Cage

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction: Current literature shows that Native Americans people experience more health care disparities relative to other ethnic and racial groups. Previous research has also shown that these healthcare disparities are present in pediatric and young adult Native American populations. As healthcare professionals who will potentially treat these populations, it is important to understand the knowledge of and attitudes toward Native Americans people among athletic trainers. The purpose of this pilot study was to describe the knowledge of, and attitudes and opinions of National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) Division I athletic trainers toward Native Americans. Methods: An electronic survey (Table 1) …

The Impact Of Video-Assisted Education On Knowledge And Retention Compared To Paper Education Material, K M. Nance, M J. Drescher, L E. Eberman, M J. Rivera

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Context: When educating patients, clinicians must be effective to assure patients understand their treatment plan and abide by such to achieve optimal outcomes. Teaching methods that stimulate more than one sense more positively impact learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to compare paper and video-assisted education at the point-of-care with the aim of changing patient education and local practice in a system for individuals undergoing total hip arthroplasties (THAs). Methods: We used a randomized cohort design to explore patient knowledge and retention and educational method at the point-of-care. We compared the current education method (paper) to video-assisted materials …

Issue Of Data Imbalance On Low Birthweight Baby Outcomes Prediction And Associated Risk Factors Identification: Establishment Of Benchmarking Key Machine Learning Models With Data Rebalancing Strategies, Yang Ren, Dezhi Wu, Yan Tong, Ana Lopez-De Fede

Publications

Background: Low birthweight (LBW) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality in the United States and a major causative factor of adverse health effects in newborns. Identifying high-risk patients early in prenatal care is crucial to preventing adverse outcomes. Previous studies have proposed various machine learning (ML) models for LBW prediction task, but they were limited by small and imbalanced data sets. Some authors attempted to address this through different data rebalancing methods. However, most of their reported performances did not reflect the models’ actual performance in real-life scenarios. To date, few studies have successfully benchmarked the performance of ML …

Esther Inglis: A Franco-Scottish Jacobean Writer And Her Octonaries Upon The Vanitie And Inconstancie Of The World, Jamie Reid Baxter

Studies in Scottish Literature

This article draws attention to the hitherto ignored poetry of the Franco-Scottish Jacobean calligrapher and limner, Esther Inglis (c.1570 -1624). Inglis is the subject of a fast growing body of published scholarship, but though she left a small body of original prose and verse, she has been given no place in Scottish literature. The article falls into six sections. The substantial first section notes first that to date, there has been a tendency to shy away from dealing with her as a writer, and that Inglis’s formative Scottish background has been largely ignored. The second section looks at Inglis and …

Esther Inglis, Octonaries, Upon The Vanitie And Inconstancie Of The World, Edited From Folger Ms V.A.91, Jamie Reid Baxter, Georgianna Ziegler

Studies in Scottish Literature

This article provides the first-ever printed text of the poem-sequence discussed in the preceding article, Octonaries, upon the Vanitie and Inconstancie of the Worlde (1600), by the Franco-Scottish poet and calligrapher Esther Inglis (1571-1624). The text given here has been transcribed from one of two manuscripts of the Octonaries in the Folger Library, MS V.a.91. Variant readings from two further manuscripts, Folger MS V.a.92, and New York Public Library Spencer Coll. MS. 14, along with some glosses, are given in the following section. NOTE: The text here now (June 13) incorporates a few final editors' corrections inadvertently omitted …

Esther Inglis, Octonaries: Textual Notes And Glosses, Jamie Reid Baxter, Georgianna Ziegler

Studies in Scottish Literature

These notes record variant readings from two further manuscripts of Esther Inglis's Octonaries, Folger MS V.a.92, and New York Public Library Spencer Coll. MS. 14, collated against the text transcribed in the preceding item, Folger Library, MS V.a.91. The notes also indicate the places where the order of the octonaries varies between manuscripts and also include a few glosses on Scots words likely to be unfamiliar to non-Scottish students or scholars. NOTE: the current version (June 25 2023) incorporates minor corrections. Please refresh your browser if you downloaded an earlier version. SSL Ed.

Appendices To Inglis, Octonaries: Titles And Dedications From Other Mss, Mss Containing The ‘G.D.’ And ‘Velde’ Sonnets, Who Was ‘G.D.’?, Jamie Reid Baxter

Studies in Scottish Literature

Three Appendices to the preceding article on Esther Inglis's Octonaries: (1) transcribe the Titles and Dedications in other manuscripts; (2) record the five MSS containing the ‘G.D.’ and ‘Velde’ Sonnets discussed in the article; and (3) review possibilities for the identity of 'G.D.', proposing that it was George Douglas, a gifted vernacular poet and translator of Boethius.NOTE: the current file (August 9 2023) includes further minor corrections. Please refresh your browser if you downloaded a previous version. SSL Ed.

Walter Scott, The Two Sicilies, And Events ‘Of Recent Date’, Graham Tulloch

Studies in Scottish Literature

Traces Walter Scott's interest in Sicily and Naples through his earlier writing up to his travels to both in 1831-1832, discusses his treatment of Neapolitan history and politics in essays in 1816 and 1829, especially his accounts of Joachim Murat (1767-1815), king of Naples from 1808-1815, and in Masaniello, leader of the popular rising in 1647-48, and suggests how these interests connect to Scott's unfinished short novel Bizarro, written in 1832 but first published in 2008, so unavailable to earlier Scott scholars.

A New Study Of Cunninghame Graham, Carla Sassi

Studies in Scottish Literature

Surveys the steady growth of interest in the Scottish fin-de-siècle writer, adventurer, socialist M.P., and nationalist leader R. B. Cunninghame Graham (1852-1936), and reviews Lachlan Munro's "timely and important study" R. B. Cunninghame Graham and Scotland: Party, Prose, and Political Aesthetic (Edinburgh University Press, 2022), judging it an "inspiring and innovative investigation," and suggesting that Cunninghame Graham's "construction and performance of his identities as a writer, adventurer, politician and activist should indeed be seen as an artistic expression in its own right."

Nitrous Oxide Production And Isotopomer Composition By Fungi Isolated From Salt Marsh Sediments, Birch Maxwell Lazo-Murphy, Samantha Larson, Sydney Staines, Heather Bruck, Julianne Mchenry, Annie Bourbonnais, Xuefeng Peng

Faculty Publications

The emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O), a potent greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting agent, have been steadily increasing from coastal environments, such as salt marsh sediments, as a result of anthropogenic nutrient loading. Biotic processes, including nitrification and denitrification, are the largest sources of N₂O from salt marsh sediments. While it is assumed that the bulk of N₂O from salt marsh sediment is produced by nitrification and bacterial denitrification, recent reports suggest fungal denitrification may contribute significantly. In this study, four fungi capable of growth under sulfidic conditions were isolated from salt marsh sediments in …

Robert Burns To Maria Riddell, A Lost Burns Manuscript And A Victorian Facsimile, Patrick Scott, Ronnie Young

Studies in Scottish Literature

Reviews the textual history of Robert Burns's brief letter to Maria Riddell, in spring 1795, in Dumfries, mentioning the miniature portrait by Alexander Reid; notes that the manuscript, owned in the late 19th century by Dr Thomas C.S. Corry of Belfast, and later by John Gribbel of Philadelphia, cannot now be located; and describes and illustrates the facsimile made of it in 1864 for Vincent Brooks in the Autographic Mirror, now the only source of this letter manuscript available to the Glasgow editorial team for the forthcoming Oxford edition of Burns's Correspondence.

Association Of Chlorhexidine Use And Scaling And Root Planing With Birth Outcomes In Pregnant Individuals With Periodontitis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Maxwell Akonde, Rajat Das Gupta, Maxwell Akonde, Mark Reynolds, Stephanie Smith-Warner, Jihong Liu Sc.D., Fouzia Tarannum, James Beck, Donald Mattison

Faculty Publications

Importance Chlorhexidine mouthwash enhances treatment effects of conventional periodontal treatment, but data on chlorhexidine as a source of heterogeneity in meta-analyses assessing the treatment of maternal periodontitis in association with birth outcomes are lacking.

Objective To assess possible heterogeneity by chlorhexidine use in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of periodontal treatment (ie, scaling and root planing [SRP]) vs no treatment on birth outcomes.

Data Sources Cochrane Oral Health’s Trials Register, Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth’s Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, LILACS BIREME Virtual Health Library (Latin American and Caribbean Health Science …

Association Of Chlorhexidine Use And Scaling And Root Planing With Birth Outcomes In Pregnant Individuals With Periodontitis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Anwar T. Nerchant, Rajat Das Gupta, Maxwell Akonde, Mark Reynolds, Stephanie Smith-Warner, Jihong Liu, Fouzia Tarannum, James Beck, Donald Mattison

Faculty Publications

Importance Chlorhexidine mouthwash enhances treatment effects of conventional periodontal treatment, but data on chlorhexidine as a source of heterogeneity in meta-analyses assessing the treatment of maternal periodontitis in association with birth outcomes are lacking.

Objective To assess possible heterogeneity by chlorhexidine use in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of periodontal treatment (ie, scaling and root planing [SRP]) vs no treatment on birth outcomes.

Data Sources Cochrane Oral Health’s Trials Register, Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth’s Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, LILACS BIREME Virtual Health Library (Latin American and Caribbean Health Science …

A Bayesian Susceptible-Infectious-Hospitalized-Ventilated-Recovered Model To Predict Demand For Covid-19 Inpatient Care In A Large Healthcare System, Stella Coker Watson Self Ph.D., Ms, Rongjie Huang, Shrujan Amin, Joseph Ewing, Carolina Rudisill, Alexander C. Mclain Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic has strained healthcare systems in many parts of the United States. During the early months of the pandemic, there was substantial uncertainty about whether the large number of COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization would exceed healthcare system capacity. This uncertainty created an urgent need to accurately predict the number of COVID-19 patients that would require inpatient and ventilator care at the local level. As the pandemic progressed, many healthcare systems relied on such predictions to prepare for COVID-19 surges and to make decisions regarding staffing, the discontinuation of elective procedures, and the amount of personal protective equipment (PPE) …

Anonymity With Intent? 'We Lordis Hes Chosin A Chiftane Mervellus', Janet Hadley Williams

Studies in Scottish Literature

This paper considers an anonymous, untitled poem, opening “We lordis hes chosin a chiftane mervellus,” known in only one text, in the Bannatyne Manuscript (fols 78^v–79^r), among “ ballatis full of wisdome and moralitie.” Its enigmatic nature and place among the moral ‘ballatis’ have gone largely unstudied. Focus on the author’s identity (with William Dunbar seen as likely) has excluded the interesting question of possible deliberate anonymity. The poet’s Franco-Scots linguistic agility, and careful play of political interests (Scottish, French and English) are striking, the more so because, unusually, “We lordis” can be dated with some …

A Bayesian Susceptible-Infectious-Hospitalized-Ventilated-Recovered Model To Predict Demand For Covid-19 Inpatient Care In A Large Healthcare System, Stella Coker Watson Self Ph.D., Ms, Rongjie Huang, Shrujan Amin, Joseph Ewing, Caroline Rudisill, Alexander C. Mclain

Faculty Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic has strained healthcare systems in many parts of the United States. During the early months of the pandemic, there was substantial uncertainty about whether the large number of COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization would exceed healthcare system capacity. This uncertainty created an urgent need to accurately predict the number of COVID-19 patients that would require inpatient and ventilator care at the local level. As the pandemic progressed, many healthcare systems relied on such predictions to prepare for COVID-19 surges and to make decisions regarding staffing, the discontinuation of elective procedures, and the amount of personal protective equipment (PPE) …

The Community Collaboration Model For School Improvement: A Scoping Review, Dawn Anderson-Butcher, Samantha Bates, Hal A. Lawson, Tasha M. Childs, Aidyn Iachini Ph.D., Msw, Lsw

Faculty and Staff Publications

Schools worldwide are developing innovative models in response to, and in anticipation of, societal changes. Aiming to address non-academic barriers to learning, while capitalizing on out-of-school time, some school and community leaders have prioritized family and community partnerships, especially in the United States (U.S.). The Community Collaboration Model (CCM) is one such U.S. partnership-oriented model of expanded school improvement. In contrast to some partnership-oriented models, the CCM prioritizes improvements in classrooms and communities, aiming to support students, assist teachers, and improve relationships beyond the typical school day. This scoping review examines 14 peer-reviewed articles which describe CCM-centered innovations and documented …

Enhanced Structural Control Of Soft-Templated Mesoporous Inorganic Thin Films By Inert Processing Conditions, Maximilliano Jesus Jara Fornerod, Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez, Eric R. Williams, Miximillian W.A. Skoda, Beatriz Prieto-Simon, Nicolas H. Voelcker, Morgan Stefik, Marc-Oliver Coppens, Stefan Guldin

Faculty Publications

Mesoporous thin films are widely used for applications in need of high surface area and efficient mass and charge transport properties. A well-established fabrication process involves the supramolecular assembly of organic molecules (e.g., block copolymers and surfactants) with inorganic materials obtained by sol-gel chemistry. Typically, subsequent calcination in air removes the organic template and reveals the porous inorganic network. A significant challenge for such coatings is the anisotropic shrinkage due to the volume contraction related to solvent evaporation, inorganic condensation, and template removal, affecting the final porosity as well as pore shape, size, arrangement, and accessibility. Here, we show that …

December 7, 2022 Faculty Senate Minutes, University Of South Carolina

Faculty Senate

No abstract provided.

Subchronic Oral Cylindrospermopsin Exposure Alters The Host Gut Microbiome And Is Associated With Progressive Hepatic Inflammation, Stellate Cell Activation, And Mild Fibrosis In A Preclinical Study, Punnag Saha, Macayla Upright, Dipro Bose, Subhajit Roy, Ayushi Trivedi, Madhura More, Geoff Scott Ph.D., Bryan W. Brooks, Saurabh Chatterjee

Faculty Publications

Epidemiological studies have reported a strong association between liver injury and incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma in sections of humans globally. Several preclinical studies have shown a strong link between cyanotoxin exposure and the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a precursor of hepatocellular carcinoma. Among the emerging threats from cyanotoxins, new evidence shows cylindrospermopsin release in freshwater lakes. A known hepatotoxin in higher concentrations, we examined the possible role of cylindrospermopsin in causing host gut dysbiosis and its association with liver pathology in a mouse model of toxico-pharmacokinetics and hepatic pathology. The results showed that oral exposure to cylindrospermopsin caused decreased diversity …

Insectdisease: Programmatic Access To The Ecological Database Of The World’S Insect Pathogens, Tad Dallas, Colin J. Carlson, Patrick R. Stephens, Sadie J. Ryan, David W. Onstad

Faculty Publications

Curated databases of species interactions are instrumental to exploring and understanding the spatial distribution of species and their biotic interactions. In the process of conducting such projects, data development and curation efforts may give rise to a data product with utility beyond the scope of the original work, but which becomes inaccessible over time. Data describing insect host–pathogen interactions are fairly rare, and should thus be preserved and curated with appropriate metadata. Here, we introduce the insectDisease R package, a mechanism for curating, updating and distributing data from the Ecological Database of the World's Insect Pathogens, a database of insect …