Digital Commons Network^™

Modern Cities Modelled As “Super-Cells” Rather Than Multicellular Organisms: Implications For Industry, Goods And Services, Jie Chang, Ying Ge, Zhaoping Wu, Yuanyuan Du, Kaixuan Pan, Guofu Yang, Yuan Ren, Mikko P. Hein, Feng Mao, Kang Hao Cheong, Zelong Qu, Xing Fan, Yong Min, Changhui Peng, Laura A. Meyerson

Natural Resources Science Faculty Publications

The structure and “metabolism” (movement and conversion of goods and energy) of urban areas has caused cities to be identified as “super-organisms”, placed between ecosystems and the biosphere, in the hierarchy of living systems. Yet most such analogies are weak, and render the super-organism model ineffective for sustainable development of cities. Via a cluster analysis of 15 shared traits of the hierarchical living system, we found that industrialized cities are more similar to eukaryotic cells than to multicellular organisms; enclosed systems, such as factories and greenhouses, paralleling organelles in eukaryotic cells. We further developed a “super-cell” industrialized city model: a …

Use Of Social-Media Networking To Facilitate A Grass-Roots Lionfish Removal Program In The British Virgin Islands, Graham E. Forrester, Kristian B. Dzilenski, David W. Gleeson

Natural Resources Science Faculty Publications

Volunteers are extensively involved in monitoring and controlling invasive species. Most research has examined volunteer activity in groups organized “top-down”, but we examined a local community-based group removing lionfish in the British Virgin Islands (BVI) with a specific focus on the use of social media by the group. Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois miles, P. lunulate and P. russelii) are invasive in the Western Atlantic Ocean and can impact the composition and function of coral reef communities. In response, resource managers and scientists have organized programs using divers and snorkelers to remove lionfish. In the volunteer-led BVI program, participants searched …

The Influence Of Environmental Factors And Fishing Effort On Demersal Fish Species In Ghanaian Waters, Vida Samantha Osei, Graham E. Forrester, Michelle Naa Kordei Clottey, M. Connor Mcmanus, Jeremy Collie

Natural Resources Science Faculty Publications

Disentangling the effects of fishing and the environment on fish abundance and distribution is essential for informing future fisheries management measures. Fishery-independent trawl survey data (8 years data between 1999 and 2016) were examined to test influences of fishing effort and environmental variables (temperature, oxygen salinity) on the spatial distribution of two species groups (5 economically important species and 3 non-commercial species) on the continental shelf of Ghana. Fishing effort influenced year-to-year variability in the abundance of 5 species negatively and 2 species positively, with 1 species unaffected. All species showed significant spatio-temporal associations with temperature, salinity and oxygen levels …

Flight And Dietary Antioxidants Influence Antioxidant Expression And Activity In A Migratory Bird, Kristen J. Demoranville, Wales A. Carter, Barbara J. Pierce, Scott R. Mcwilliams

Natural Resources Science Faculty Publications

Ecologically relevant factors such as exercise and diet quality can directly influence how physiological systems work including those involved in maintaining oxidative balance; however, to our knowledge, no studies to date have focused on how such factors directly affect expression of key components of the endogenous antioxidant system (i.e., transcription factors, select antioxidant genes, and corresponding antioxidant enzymes) in several metabolically active tissues of a migratory songbird. We conducted a three-factor experiment that tested the following hypotheses: (H1) Daily flying over several weeks increases the expression of transcription factors NRF2 and PPARs as well as endogenous antioxidant genes (i.e., CAT, …

A Low-Investment, High-Impact Approach For Training Stronger And More Confident Graduate Student Science Writers, Caroline Gottschalk Druschke, Nancy E. Karraker, Scott R. Mcwilliams, Al Scott, Jenna Morton-Aiken, Nedra Reynolds, Elaine Finan, Ingrid E. Lofgren

Natural Resources Science Faculty Publications

Scientists in applied fields, including conservation biology, face increasing expectations to communicate their research across multiple audiences. As environmental issues become more complex, the need for scientists to clearly communicate with other scientists, managers, stakeholders, tribes, the public, and policy makers becomes ever critical. Despite this need, students in graduate science programs receive limited direct instruction in writing and little training in writing for audiences outside of academia or in different genres. To that end, we developed an interdisciplinary program that incorporates rhetorical theory and writing intensive pedagogy to train graduate science students to write more effectively across genres. During …

How Birds During Migration Maintain (Oxidative) Balance, Scott R. Mcwilliams, Wales Carter, Clara Cooper-Mullin, Kristen Demoranville, Abigail Frawley, Barbara Pierce, Megan Skrip

Natural Resources Science Faculty Publications

Animals dynamically adjust their physiology and behavior to survive in changing environments, and seasonal migration is one life stage that demonstrates these dynamic adjustments. As birds migrate between breeding and wintering areas, they incur physiological demands that challenge their antioxidant system. Migrating birds presumably respond to these oxidative challenges by up-regulating protective endogenous systems or accumulating dietary antioxidants at stopover sites, although our understanding of the pre-migration preparations and mid-migration responses of birds to such oxidative challenges is as yet incomplete. Here we review evidence from field and captive-bird studies that address the following questions: (1) Do migratory birds build …

Sectoral Impacts Of Invasive Species In The United States And Approaches To Management, Anne S. Marsh, Deborah C. Hayes, Patrice Klein, Nicole Zimmerman, Alison Dalsimer, Douglas A. Burkett, Cynthia D. Huebner, Robert Rabaglia, Laura A. Meyerson, Bonnie L. Harper-Lore, Jamie L. Davidson, Marla R. Emery, Travis Warziniack, Rebecca Flitcroft, Becky K. Kerns, Vanessa M. Lopez

Natural Resources Science Faculty Publications

Invasive species have a major effect on many sectors of the U.S. economy and on the well-being of its citizens. Their presence impacts animal and human health, military readiness, urban vegetation and infrastructure, water, energy and transportations systems, and indigenous peoples in the United States (Table 9.1). They alter bio-physical systems and cultural practices and require significant public and private expenditure for control. This chapter provides examples of the impacts to human systems and explains mechanisms of invasive species’ establishment and spread within sectors of the U.S. economy. The chapter is not intended to be comprehensive but rather to provide …

Mesocosm- And Field-Scale Evaluation Of Lignocellulose- Amended Soil Treatment Areas For Removal Of Nitrogen From Wastewater, Sara Wigginton, José A. Amador, Brian Baumgaertei, George Loomis, George Heufelder

Natural Resources Science Faculty Publications

Non-proprietary N-removal onsite wastewater treatment systems are less costly than proprietary systems, increasing the likelihood of adoption to lower N inputs to receiving waters. We assessed the capacity of non-proprietary lignocellulose-amended soil treatment areas (LCSTAs)—a 45-cm-deep layer of sand above a 45-cm-deep layer of sand and sawdust—to lower the concentration of total N (TN) in septic tank effluent (STE) at mesocosm and field scales. The mesocosm received wastewater for two years and had a median effluent TN concentration of 3.1 mg/L and TN removal of 60–100%, meeting regulatory standards of 19 mg/L or 50% removal. Removal varied inversely with temperature, …

Parent Involvement In Diet Or Physical Activity Interventions To Treat Or Prevent Childhood Obesity: An Umbrella Review, Emily J. Tomayko, Alison Tovar, Nurgul Fitzgerald, Carol L. Howe, Melanie D. Hingle, Michael P. Murphy, Henna Muzaffar, Scott B. Going, Laura Hubbs-Tait

Nutrition Faculty Publications

Parents substantially influence children’s diet and physical activity behaviors, which consequently impact childhood obesity risk. Given this influence of parents, the objective of this umbrella review was to synthesize evidence on effects of parent involvement in diet and physical activity treatment and prevention interventions on obesity risk among children aged 3–12 years old. Ovid/MEDLINE, Elsevier/Embase, Wiley/Cochrane Library, Clarivate/Web of Science, EBSCO/CINAHL, EBSCO/PsycInfo, and Epistemonikos.org were searched from their inception through January 2020. Abstract screening, full-text review, quality assessment, and data extraction were conducted independently by at least two authors. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of diet and physical activity interventions that …

Incrimination Of Shrews As A Reservoir For Powassan Virus, Heidi K. Goethert, Thomas N. Mather, Richard W. Johnson, Sam R. Telford Iii

Plant Sciences and Entomology Faculty Publications

Powassan virus lineage 2 (deer tick virus) is an emergent threat to American public health, causing severe neurologic disease. Its life cycle in nature remains poorly understood. We use a host-specific retrotransposon-targeted real time PCR assay to test the hypothesis that white-footed mice, considered the main eastern U.S. reservoir of the coinfecting agent of Lyme disease, is the reservoir for deer tick virus. Of 20 virus-infected host-seeking nymphal black-legged ticks 65% fed on shrews and none on mice. The proportion of ticks feeding on shrews at a site is positively associated with prevalence of viral infection, but not the Lyme …

Why Lyme Disease Is Common In The Northern Us, But Rare In The South: The Roles Of Host Choice, Host-Seeking Behavior, And Tick Density, Howard S. Ginsberg, Graham J. Hickling, Russell L. Burke, Nicholas H. Ogden, Lorenza Beati, Roger Lebrun, Isis M. Arsnoe, Richard Gerhold, Seungeun Han, Kaetlyn Jackson, Lauren Maestas, Teresa Moody, Genevieve Pang, Breann Ross, Eric L. Rulison, Jean I. Tsao

Plant Sciences and Entomology Faculty Publications

Lyme disease is common in the northeastern United States, but rare in the southeast, even though the tick vector is found in both regions. Infection prevalence of Lyme spirochetes in host-seeking ticks, an important component to the risk of Lyme disease, is also high in the northeast and northern midwest, but declines sharply in the south. As ticks must acquire Lyme spirochetes from infected vertebrate hosts, the role of wildlife species composition on Lyme disease risk has been a topic of lively academic discussion. We compared tick–vertebrate host interactions using standardized sampling methods among 8 sites scattered throughout the eastern …

Four Priority Areas To Advance Invasion Science In The Face Of Rapid Environmental Change, Anthony Ricciardi, Josephine C. Iacarella, David C. Aldridge, Tim M. Blackburn, James T. Carlton, Jane A. Catford, Jaimie T.A. Dick, Philip E. Hulme, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Andrew M. Liebhold, Julie L. Lockwood, Hugh J. Macisaac, Laura A. Meyerson, Petr Pyšek, David M. Richardson, Gregory M. Ruiz, Daniel Simberloff, Montserrat Vilà, David A. Wardle

Natural Resources Science Faculty Publications

Unprecedented rates of introduction and spread of non-native species pose burgeoning challenges to biodiversity, natural resource management, regional economies, and human health. Current biosecurity efforts are failing to keep pace with globalization, revealing critical gaps in our understanding and response to invasions. Here, we identify four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid global environmental change. First, invasion science should strive to develop a more comprehensive framework for predicting how the behavior, abundance, and interspecific interactions of non-native species vary in relation to conditions in receiving environments and how these factors govern the ecological impacts of …

Coastal And Marine Socio-Ecological Systems: A Systematic Review Of The Literature, Sonia Refulio-Coronado, Katherine Lacasse, Tracey Dalton, Austin T. Humphries, Suchandra Basu, Hirotsugu Uchida, Emi Uchida

Environmental and Natural Resource Economics Faculty Publications

The socio-ecological systems (SESs) framework provides cross-disciplinary insight into complex environmental problems. Numerous studies have applied the SES framework to coastal and marine environments over the last two decades. We review and analyze 98 of those studies to (i) describe how SES concepts were examined and measured, (ii) describe how the studies included feedbacks and thresholds, and (iii) identify and analyze elements unique to coastal and marine SES frameworks. We find that progress has been made in understanding key SES properties in coastal and marine ecosystems, which include resilience, adaptive capacity, vulnerability, and governance. A variety of methods has been …

An Adaptive Behavioral Immune System: A Model Of Population Health Behavior, Julian M. Saad, James O. Prochaska

Cancer Prevention Research Center Faculty Publications

The understanding that immunity could be strengthened in the general population (e.g., through vaccine interventions) supported global advances upon acute infectious disease epidemics in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. However, in the twenty-first century, global populations face chronic disease epidemics. Research demonstrates that diseases largely emerge from health risk behavior. The understanding of how health behavior, like the biological immune system, can be strengthened in the general population, could support advances in the twenty-first century. To consider how health behavior can be strengthened in the general population, the authors present a theoretical model of population health behavior. The model …

Disease-Driven Reduction In Human Mobility Influences Human-Mosquito Contacts And Dengue Transmission Dynamics, Kathryn L. Schaber, T. Alex Perkins, Alun L. Lloyd, Lance A. Waller, Uriel Kitron, Valerie A. Paz-Soldan, John P. Elder, Alan L. Rothman, David J. Civitello, William H. Elson, Amy C. Morrison, Thomas W. Scott, Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Heterogeneous exposure to mosquitoes determines an individual’s contribution to vector-borne pathogen transmission. Particularly for dengue virus (DENV), there is a major difficulty in quantifying human-vector contacts due to the unknown coupled effect of key heterogeneities. To test the hypothesis that the reduction of human out-of-home mobility due to dengue illness will significantly influence population-level dynamics and the structure of DENV transmission chains, we extended an existing modeling framework to include social structure, disease-driven mobility reductions, and heterogeneous transmissibility from different infectious groups. Compared to a baseline model, naïve to human pre-symptomatic infectiousness and disease-driven mobility changes, a model including both …

Temporally Integrated Single Cell Rna Sequencing Analysis Of Pbmc From Experimental And Natural Primary Human Denv-1 Infections, Adam T. Waickman, Heather Friberg, Gregory D. Gromowski, Wiriya Rutvisuttinunt, Tao Li, Hayden Siegfried, Kaitlin Victor, Michael K. Mccracken, Stefan Fernandez, Anon Srikiatkhachorn, Damon Ellison, Richard G. Jarman, Stephen J. Thomas, Alan L. Rothman, Timothy Endy, Jeffrey R. Currier

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Dengue human infection studies present an opportunity to address many longstanding questions in the field of flavivirus biology. However, limited data are available on how the immunological and transcriptional response elicited by an attenuated challenge virus compares to that associated with a wild-type DENV infection. To determine the kinetic transcriptional signature associated with experimental primary DENV-1 infection and to assess how closely this profile correlates with the transcriptional signature accompanying natural primary DENV-1 infection, we utilized scRNAseq to analyze PBMC from individuals enrolled in a DENV-1 human challenge study and from individuals experiencing a natural primary DENV-1 infection. While both …

Draft Genome Sequence Of Pseudoalteromonas Sp. Strain Jc3, Margaret E. Rosario, Jacqueline Camm, Damian Cavanagh, David C. Rowley, David R. Nelson

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

We report the draft genome sequence for Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain JC3, an isolate obtained from an aquaculture facility for whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The JC3 genome suggests multiple mechanisms for microbial interactions, including a type VI secretion system and potential for antibiotic production.

Leave No Stone Unturned: Individually Adapted Xerotolerant Thaumarchaeota Sheltered Below The Boulders Of The Atacama Desert Hyperarid Core, Yunha Hwang, Dirk Schulze-Makuch, Felix L. Arens, Johan S. Saenz, Panagiotis S. Adam, Christof Sager, Till L.V. Bornemann, Weinshu Zhao, Ying Zhang, Alessandro Airo, Michael Schloter, Alexander J. Probst

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Background

The hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert is an extremely harsh environment thought to be colonized by only a few heterotrophic bacterial species. Current concepts for understanding this extreme ecosystem are mainly based on the diversity of these few species, yet a substantial area of the Atacama Desert hyperarid topsoil is covered by expansive boulder accumulations, whose underlying microbiomes have not been investigated so far. With the hypothesis that these sheltered soils harbor uniquely adapted microbiomes, we compared metagenomes and geochemistry between soils below and beside boulders across three distantly located boulder accumulations in the Atacama Desert hyperarid core. …

3d Bioprinted Implants For Cartilage Repair In Intervertebral Discs And Knee Menisci, Kalindu Perera, Ryan Ivone, Evelina Natekin, Cheryl Wilga, Jie Shen, Jyothi Menon

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Cartilage defects pose a significant clinical challenge as they can lead to joint pain, swelling and stiffness, which reduces mobility and function thereby significantly affecting the quality of life of patients. More than 250,000 cartilage repair surgeries are performed in the United States every year. The current gold standard is the treatment of focal cartilage defects and bone damage with nonflexible metal or plastic prosthetics. However, these prosthetics are often made from hard and stiff materials that limits mobility and flexibility, and results in leaching of metal particles into the body, degeneration of adjacent soft bone tissues and possible failure …

Mesophotic Gorgonian Corals Evolved Multiple Times And Faster Than Deep And Shallow Lineages, Juan A. Sánchez, Fanny L. González-Zapata, Carlos Prada, Luisa F. Dueñas

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs) develop on a unique environment, where abrupt environmental changes take place. Using a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny (mtDNA: mtMutS), we examined the lineage membership of mesophotic gorgonian corals (Octocorallia: Cnidaria) in comparison to shallow and deep-sea lineages of the wider Caribbean-Gulf of Mexico and the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Our results show mesophotic gorgonians originating multiple times from old deep-sea octocoral lineages, whereas shallow-water species comprise younger lineages. The mesophotic gorgonian fauna in the studied areas is related to their zooxanthellate shallow-water counterparts in only two clades (Gorgoniidae and Plexauridae), where the bathymetrical gradient could serve as a …

Life In The Fast Lane: Modeling The Fate Of Glass Sponge Larvae In The Gulf Stream, Shuangqiang Wang, Ellen Kenchington, Zeliang Wang, Andrew J. Davies

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Effective conservation management of deep-sea sponges, including design of appropriate marine protected areas, requires an understanding of the connectivity between populations throughout a species’ distribution. We provide the first consideration of larval connectivity among deep-sea sponge populations along the southeastern coast of North America, illustrate the influence of the Gulf Stream on dispersal, and complement published distribution models by evaluating colonization potential. Connectivity among known populations of the hexactinellid sponge Vazella pourtalesii was simulated using a 3-D biophysical dispersal model throughout its distribution from Florida, United States to Nova Scotia, Canada. We found no exchange with an estimated pelagic larval …

High Levels Of Genetic Divergence Detected In Sacramento Perch Suggests Two Divergent Translocation Sources, Amanda E. Coen, Max Fish, Randy Lovell, Jeff Rodzen, Rachel Schwartz, Andrea Schreier

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Translocation has been used to conserve imperiled fishes and create new fisheries. One species for which translocation has played a significant role is the Sacramento Perch Archoplites interruptus. Extirpated from its native range, the Sacramento Perch has been introduced throughout California and Nevada through multiple translocation events, though historical records are incomplete. Recent assessments of eight previously uncharacterized Sacramento Perch populations have prompted reevaluation of range-wide population structure to inform a genetic management plan for long-term resiliency of this species. We examined Sacramento Perch genetic diversity and population structure across the current range of the species using 12 microsatellite …

Lepidopteran Wing Scales Contain Abundant Cross-Linked Film-Forming Histidine-Rich Cuticular Proteins, Jianqiu Liu, Zhiwei Chen, Yingdan Xiao, Tsunaki Asano, Shenglong Li, Li Peng, Enxiang Chen, Jiwei Zhang, Wanshun Li, Yan Zhang, Xiaoling Tong, Keiko Kadono-Okuda, Ping Zhao, Ningjia He, Kallare P. Arunkumar, Karumathil P. Gopinathan, Judith H. Willis, Marian R. Goldsmith, Kazuei Mita

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Scales are symbolic characteristic of Lepidoptera; however, nothing is known about the contribution of cuticular proteins (CPs) to the complex patterning of lepidopteran scales. This is because scales are resistant to solubilization, thus hindering molecular studies. Here we succeeded in dissolving developing wing scales from Bombyx mori, allowing analysis of their protein composition. We identified a distinctive class of histidine rich (His-rich) CPs (6%–45%) from developing lepidopteran scales by LC-MS/MS. Functional studies using RNAi revealed CPs with different histidine content play distinct and critical roles in constructing the microstructure of the scale surface. Moreover, we successfully synthesized films in …

Induced Bank Filtration: Hydraulic Testing Of Pilot Filters, Miles Schelling, Thomas B. Boving, K. Patil

Geosciences Faculty Publications

Hydraulic tests were performed on two pilot scale filters as part of a water treatment project in the village of Nersa, Karnataka, India. The filters use locally sourced alluvial material to filter E.coli contamination using natural processes that mimic those in Riverbank Filtration (RBF). Two pilot scale filters were tested, one containing locally sourced granular activated carbon (GAC) and one without. A falling head test and tracer test were preformed, and breakthrough curves were used to analyze the hydraulic performance. E.coli data were also collected, and percent removal was calculated to determine the effectiveness of the filters. Relative …

Anti-Parallel Β-Hairpin Structure In Soluble Aβ Oligomers Of Aβ40-Dutch And Aβ40-Iowa, Ziao Fu, William Van Nostrand, Steven O. Smith

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

The amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are associated with two prominent diseases in the brain, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Aβ42 is the dominant component of cored parenchymal plaques associated with AD, while Aβ40 is the predominant component of vascular amyloid associated with CAA. There are familial CAA mutations at positions Glu22 and Asp23 that lead to aggressive Aβ aggregation, drive vascular amyloid deposition and result in degradation of vascular membranes. In this study, we compared the transition of the monomeric Aβ40-WT peptide into soluble oligomers and fibrils with the corresponding transitions of the Aβ40-Dutch (E22Q), Aβ40-Iowa (D23N) and …

Sequence Dependent Repair Of 1,N6-Ethenoadenine By Dna Repair Enzymes Alkbh2, Alkbh3, And Alkb, Rui Qi, Ke Bian, Fangyi Chen, Qi Tang, Xianhao Zhou, Deyu Li

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Mutation patterns of DNA adducts, such as mutational spectra and signatures, are useful tools for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Mutational spectra of carcinogens derive from three sources: adduct formation, replication bypass, and repair. Here, we consider the repair aspect of 1,N⁶-ethenoadenine (εA) by the 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent AlkB family enzymes. Specifically, we investigated εA repair across 16 possible sequence contexts (5′/3′ flanking base to εA varied as G/A/T/C). The results revealed that repair efficiency is altered according to sequence, enzyme, and strand context (ss- versus ds-DNA). The methods can be used to study other aspects of mutational spectra or …

New Micropeptins With Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity Isolated From A Cyanobacterial Bloom, Riley D. Kirk, Haiyin He, Paul G. Wahome, Shibiao Wu, Guy T. Carter, Matthew Bertin

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Metabolite mining of environmentally collected aquatic and marine microbiomes offers a platform for the discovery of new therapeutic lead molecules. Combining a prefractionated chromatography library with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based molecular networking and biological assays, we isolated and characterized two new micropeptins (1 and 2) along with the previously characterized micropeptin 996. These metabolites showed potency in anti-neuroinflammatory assays using BV-2 mouse microglial cells, showing a 50% reduction in inflammation in a range from 1 to 10 μM. These results show promise for cyanobacterial peptides in the therapeutic realm apart from their impact on environmental health and provide …

Synthesis And Biological Evaluations Of Oleanolic Acid Indole Derivatives As Hyaluronidase Inhibitors With Enhanced Skin Permeability, Hao He, Huifang Li, Toyosi Akanji, Shengli Niu, Zhujun Luo, Dongli Li, Navindra P. Seeram, Panpan Wu, Hang Ma

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural cosmeceutical compound with various skin beneficial activities including inhibitory effect on hyaluronidase but the anti-hyaluronidase activity and mechanisms of action of its synthetic analogues remain unclear. Herein, a series of OA derivatives were synthesised and evaluated for their inhibitory effects on hyaluronidase. Compared to OA, an induction of fluorinated (6c) and chlorinated (6g) indole moieties led to enhanced anti-hyaluronidase activity (IC50 = 80.3 vs. 9.97 and 9.57 µg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, spectroscopic and computational studies revealed that 6c and 6g can bind to hyaluronidase protein and alter its secondary structure leading …

Pomegranate (Punica Granatum) Extract And Its Polyphenols Reduce The Formation Of Methylglyoxal-Dna Adducts And Protect Human Keratinocytes Against Methylglyoxal-Induced Oxidative Stress, Hao Guo, Chang Liu, Qi Tang, Deyu Li, Yinsheng Wan, Jiu-Hong Li, Xing-Hua Gao, Navindra P. Seeram, Hang Ma, Hong-Duo Chen

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Pomegranate extract (PE) and its polyphenols have been reported to show skin protective effects but their cytoprotective effects against methylglyoxal (MGO)-induced DNA damage and cell dysfunctions are unclear. Herein, we evaluated whether PE, punicalagin (PA), ellagic acid (EA), and urolithin A (UA), can alleviate MGO-induced DNA damage in human keratinocytes. PE (50 µg/mL) and PA (50 µM) protected DNA integrity and reduced the formation of MGO-DNA adducts and tailed DNA by 60.2 and 49.7%, respectively, in HaCaT cells. PE and PA reduced MGO-induced cytotoxicity by increasing the cell viability (by 17.5 and 15.0%) and decreasing reactive oxygen species (by 28.3 …

A Review Of Contemporary Techniques For Measuring Ergonomic Wear Comfort Of Protective And Sport Clothing, Yetanawork Teyeme, Benny Malengier, Tamrat Tesfaye, Izabela Ciesielska-Wrobel, Atiyyah Binti Haji Musa, Lieva Van Langenhove

Textiles, Fashion Merchandising and Design Faculty Publications

Protective and sport clothing is governed by protection requirements, performance, and comfort of the user. The comfort and impact performance of protective and sport clothing are typically subjectively measured, and this is a multifactorial and dynamic process. The aim of this review paper is to review the contemporary methodologies and approaches for measuring ergonomic wear comfort, including objective and subjective techniques. Special emphasis is given to the discussion of different methods, such as objective techniques, subjective techniques, and a combination of techniques, as well as a new biomechanical approach called modeling of skin. Literature indicates that there are four main …