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Design For Mosquito Abundance, Diversity, And Phenology Sampling Within The National Ecological Observatory Network, D. Hoekman, Y. P. Springer, C. M. Barker, R. Barrera, M. S. Blackmore, W. E. Bradshaw, D. H. Foley, Howard S. Ginsberg, M. H. Hayden, C. M. Holzapfel, S. A. Juliano, L. D. Kramer, S. L. Ladeau, T. P. Livdahl, C. G. Moore, R. S. Nasci, W. K. Reisen, H. M. Savage Jan 2016

Design For Mosquito Abundance, Diversity, And Phenology Sampling Within The National Ecological Observatory Network, D. Hoekman, Y. P. Springer, C. M. Barker, R. Barrera, M. S. Blackmore, W. E. Bradshaw, D. H. Foley, Howard S. Ginsberg, M. H. Hayden, C. M. Holzapfel, S. A. Juliano, L. D. Kramer, S. L. Ladeau, T. P. Livdahl, C. G. Moore, R. S. Nasci, W. K. Reisen, H. M. Savage

Plant Sciences and Entomology Faculty Publications

The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) intends to monitor mosquito populations across its broad geographical range of sites because of their prevalence in food webs, sensitivity to abiotic factors, and relevance for human health. We describe the design of mosquito population sampling in the context of NEON's long‐term continental scale monitoring program, emphasizing the sampling design schedule, priorities, and collection methods. Freely available NEON data and associated field and laboratory samples, will increase our understanding of how mosquito abundance, demography, diversity, and phenology are responding to land use and climate change.


Perceived Weight Discrimination And 10-Year Risk Of Allostatic Load Among Us Adults, Maya Vadiveloo, Joseimer Mattei Jan 2016

Perceived Weight Discrimination And 10-Year Risk Of Allostatic Load Among Us Adults, Maya Vadiveloo, Joseimer Mattei

Nutrition Faculty Publications

Background

Discrimination promotes multisystem physiological dysregulation termed allostatic load, which predicts morbidity and mortality. It remains unclear whether weight-related discrimination influences allostatic load.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to prospectively examine 10-year associations between weight discrimination, allostatic load, and its components among adults 25–75 years in the Midlife Development in the US Biomarker Substudy.

Methods

Participants with information on weight discrimination were analyzed (n=986). At both timepoints, participants self-reported the frequency of perceived weight discrimination across nine scenarios as “never/rarely” (scored as 0), “sometimes” (1), or “often” (2). The two scores were averaged and then dichotomized …


Optimization And Validation Of The Protocol Used To Analyze The Taste Of Traditional Chinese Medicines Using An Electronic Tongue, Xuelin Li, Xiaojie Gao, Ruixin Liu, Junming Wang, Zidan Wu, Lu Zhang, Huiling Li, Xinjing Gui, Bingya Kang, Junhan Shi Jan 2016

Optimization And Validation Of The Protocol Used To Analyze The Taste Of Traditional Chinese Medicines Using An Electronic Tongue, Xuelin Li, Xiaojie Gao, Ruixin Liu, Junming Wang, Zidan Wu, Lu Zhang, Huiling Li, Xinjing Gui, Bingya Kang, Junhan Shi

Computer Science and Statistics Faculty Publications

Tools to define the active ingredients and flavors of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) are limited by long analysis times, complex sample preparation and a lack of multiplexed analysis. The aim of the present study was to optimize and validate an electronic tongue (E‑tongue) methodology to analyze the bitterness of TCMs. To test the protocol, 35 different TCM concoctions were measured using an E‑tongue, and seven replicate measurements of each sample were taken to evaluate reproducibility and precision. E‑tongue sensor information was identified and classified using analysis approaches including least squares support vector machine (LS‑SVM), support vector machine (SVM), discriminant analysis …


Review Of Fortey, Richard: Fossils: The Key To The Past, Judith B. Barnett Jan 2016

Review Of Fortey, Richard: Fossils: The Key To The Past, Judith B. Barnett

Technical Services Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Lead Selenide Nanostructures Self-Assembled Across Multiple Length Scales And Dimensions, Evan K. Wujcik, Stephanie R. Aceto, Radha Narayanan, Arijit Bose Jan 2016

Lead Selenide Nanostructures Self-Assembled Across Multiple Length Scales And Dimensions, Evan K. Wujcik, Stephanie R. Aceto, Radha Narayanan, Arijit Bose

Chemistry Faculty Publications

A self-assembly approach to lead selenide (PbSe) structures that have organized across multiple length scales and multiple dimensions has been achieved. These structures consist of angstrom-scale 0D PbSe crystals, synthesized via a hot solution process, which have stacked into 1D nanorods via aligned dipoles. These 1D nanorods have arranged into nanoscale 2D sheets via directional short-ranged attraction. The nanoscale 2D sheets then further aligned into larger 2D microscale planes. In this study, the authors have characterized the PbSe structures via normal and cryo-TEM and EDX showing that this multiscale multidimensional self-assembled alignment is not due to drying effects. These PbSe …


Directly Measured Denitrification Reveals Oyster Aquaculture And Restored Oyster Reefs Remove Nitrogen At Comparable High Rates, Austin T. Humphries, Suzanne G. Ayvazian, Joanna C. Carey, Boze T. Hancock, Sinead Grabbert, Donald Cobb, Charles J. Strobel, Robinson W. Futweiler Jan 2016

Directly Measured Denitrification Reveals Oyster Aquaculture And Restored Oyster Reefs Remove Nitrogen At Comparable High Rates, Austin T. Humphries, Suzanne G. Ayvazian, Joanna C. Carey, Boze T. Hancock, Sinead Grabbert, Donald Cobb, Charles J. Strobel, Robinson W. Futweiler

Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Faculty Publications

Coastal systems are increasingly impacted by over-enrichment of nutrients, which has cascading effects for ecosystem functioning. Oyster restoration and aquaculture are both hypothesized to mitigate excessive nitrogen (N) loads via benthic denitrification. The degree to which these management activities perform similar functions for removing N, however, has not been extensively examined in New England, a place where nutrient runoff is high and increasing oyster (Crassostrea virginica) restoration and aquaculture activity is taking place. Here, we use a novel in situ methodology to directly measure net N2 and O2 fluxes across the sediment-water interface in a shallow …


Fish Species Associated With Shipwreck And Natural Hard-Bottom Habitats From The Middle To Outer Continental Shelf Of The Middle Atlantic Bight Near Norfolk Canyon, Steve W. Ross, Mike Rhode, Stephen T. Viada, Ian Roderick Mather Jan 2016

Fish Species Associated With Shipwreck And Natural Hard-Bottom Habitats From The Middle To Outer Continental Shelf Of The Middle Atlantic Bight Near Norfolk Canyon, Steve W. Ross, Mike Rhode, Stephen T. Viada, Ian Roderick Mather

History Faculty Publications

Fish species of the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) continental shelf are well known; however, species occupying hard-bottom habitats, particularly on the outer shelf, are poorly documented. Reef-like habitats are relatively uncommon on the MAB shelf; therefore, shipwrecks may represent a significant habitat resource. During fall 2012 and spring 2013, 9 sites (depths: 42–126 m) near Norfolk Canyon were surveyed by using remotely operated vehicles. One site consisted of sand bottom, one consisted of predominantly natural hard bottom, and 7 sites included 8 large shipwrecks. Of 38 fish taxa identified, 33 occurred on hard bottom and 25 occurred on soft substrata. …


Contributions Of Tropodithietic Acid And Biofilm Formation To The Probiotic Activity Of Phaeobacter Inhibens, Marta Gomez-Chiarri, David C. Rowley, David R. Nelson Jan 2016

Contributions Of Tropodithietic Acid And Biofilm Formation To The Probiotic Activity Of Phaeobacter Inhibens, Marta Gomez-Chiarri, David C. Rowley, David R. Nelson

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Background: The probiotic bacterium Phaeobacter inhibens strain S4Sm, isolated from the inner shell surface of a healthy oyster, secretes the antibiotic tropodithietic acid (TDA), is an excellent biofilm former, and increases oyster larvae survival when challenged with bacterial pathogens. In this study, we investigated the specific roles of TDA secretion and biofilm formation in the probiotic activity of S4Sm.

Results: Mutations in clpX (ATP-dependent ATPase) and exoP (an exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene) were created by insertional mutagenesis using homologous recombination. Mutation of clpX resulted in the loss of TDA production, no decline in biofilm formation, and loss of the ability …


Control Of Sexuality By The Sk1-Encoded Udp-Glycosyltransferase Of Maize, Andrew P. Hayward, Maria A. Moreno, Thomas P. Howard Iii, Joel Hague, Kimberly Nelson, Christopher Heffelfinger, Sandra Romero, Albert P. Kausch, Gaétan Glauser, Ivan F. Acosta, John P. Mottinger, Stephen L. Dellaporta Jan 2016

Control Of Sexuality By The Sk1-Encoded Udp-Glycosyltransferase Of Maize, Andrew P. Hayward, Maria A. Moreno, Thomas P. Howard Iii, Joel Hague, Kimberly Nelson, Christopher Heffelfinger, Sandra Romero, Albert P. Kausch, Gaétan Glauser, Ivan F. Acosta, John P. Mottinger, Stephen L. Dellaporta

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Sex determination in maize involves the production of staminate and pistillate florets from an initially bisexual floral meristem. Pistil elimination in staminate florets requires jasmonic acid signaling, and functional pistils are protected by the action of the silkless 1 (sk1) gene. The sk1 gene was identified and found to encode a previously uncharacterized family 1 uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase that localized to the plant peroxisomes. Constitutive expression of an sk1 transgene protected all pistils in the plant, causing complete feminization, a gain-of-function phenotype that operates by blocking the accumulation of jasmonates. The segregation of an sk1 transgene was used …


State-Of-The-Art Monitoring In Treatment Of Dengue Shock Syndrome: A Case Series, Steven L. Moulton, Jane Mulligan, Anon Srikiatkhachorn, Siripen Kalayanarooj, Greg Z. Grudic, Sharone Green, Robert V. Gibbons, Gary W. Muniz, Carmen Hinojosa-Laborde, Alan L. Rothman, Stephen J. Thomas, Victor A. Convertino Jan 2016

State-Of-The-Art Monitoring In Treatment Of Dengue Shock Syndrome: A Case Series, Steven L. Moulton, Jane Mulligan, Anon Srikiatkhachorn, Siripen Kalayanarooj, Greg Z. Grudic, Sharone Green, Robert V. Gibbons, Gary W. Muniz, Carmen Hinojosa-Laborde, Alan L. Rothman, Stephen J. Thomas, Victor A. Convertino

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Background

Early recognition and treatment of circulatory volume loss is essential in the clinical management of dengue viral infection. We hypothesized that a novel computational algorithm, originally developed for noninvasive monitoring of blood loss in combat casualties, could: (1) indicate the central volume status of children with dengue during the early stages of “shock”; and (2) track fluid resuscitation status.

Methods

Continuous noninvasive photoplethysmographic waveforms were collected over a 5-month period from three children of Thai ethnicity with clinical suspicion of dengue. Waveform data were processed by the algorithm to calculate each child’s Compensatory Reserve Index, where 1 represents supine …


Thank Your Intelligent Mother For Your Big Brain, Holly M. Dunsworth Jan 2016

Thank Your Intelligent Mother For Your Big Brain, Holly M. Dunsworth

Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Older Parents Benefit More In Health Outcome From Daughters’ Than Sons’ Care In China, Yi Zeng, Melanie Sereny Brasher, Danan Gu, James W. Vaupel Jan 2016

Older Parents Benefit More In Health Outcome From Daughters’ Than Sons’ Care In China, Yi Zeng, Melanie Sereny Brasher, Danan Gu, James W. Vaupel

Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications

Objectives: To examine whether older parents in China would benefit more from daughters’ care than from sons’ care.

Methods: Analysis of the unique datasets of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey conducted in 2002, 2005 and 2008-2009 in 22 provinces.

Results: As compared to having son(s), having daughter(s) is significantly more beneficial at older ages in China, with regards to maintaining higher cognitive capacity and reducing mortality risk. Such daughter-advantages are more profound among the oldest-old aged 80+ as compared to the young-old aged 65-79, and surprisingly more profound in rural areas as compared to urban areas, even though son-preference …


Carbon Dioxide Fluxes Reflect Plant Zonation And Belowground Biomass In A Coastal Marsh, Serena Moseman-Valtierra, Omar I. Abdul-Aziz, Jianwu Tang, Khandker S. Ishtiaq, Kate Morkeski, Jordan Mora, Ryan K. Quinn, Rose M. Martin, Katharine Egan, Elizabeth Q. Brannon, Joanna Carey, Kevin D. Kroeger Jan 2016

Carbon Dioxide Fluxes Reflect Plant Zonation And Belowground Biomass In A Coastal Marsh, Serena Moseman-Valtierra, Omar I. Abdul-Aziz, Jianwu Tang, Khandker S. Ishtiaq, Kate Morkeski, Jordan Mora, Ryan K. Quinn, Rose M. Martin, Katharine Egan, Elizabeth Q. Brannon, Joanna Carey, Kevin D. Kroeger

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Coastal wetlands are major global carbon sinks; however, they are heterogeneous and dynamic ecosystems. To characterize spatial and temporal variability in a New England salt marsh, greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes were compared among major plant-defined zones during growing seasons. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes were compared in two mensurative experiments during summer months (2012–2014) that included low marsh (Spartina alterniflora), high marsh (Distichlis spicata and Juncus gerardii-dominated), invasive Phragmites australis zones, and unvegetated ponds. Day- and nighttime fluxes were also contrasted in the native marsh zones. N2O fluxes …


Multifaceted Biological Insights From A Draft Genome Sequence Of The Tobacco Hornworm Moth, Manduca Sexta, Michael R. Kanost, Marian R. Goldsmith, Et Al Jan 2016

Multifaceted Biological Insights From A Draft Genome Sequence Of The Tobacco Hornworm Moth, Manduca Sexta, Michael R. Kanost, Marian R. Goldsmith, Et Al

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Manduca sexta, known as the tobacco hornworm or Carolina sphinx moth, is a lepidopteran insect that is used extensively as a model system for research in insect biochemistry, physiology, neurobiology, development, and immunity. One important benefit of this species as an experimental model is its extremely large size, reaching more than 10 g in the larval stage. M. sexta larvae feed on solanaceous plants and thus must tolerate a substantial challenge from plant allelochemicals, including nicotine. We report the sequence and annotation of the M. sexta genome, and a survey of gene expression in various tissues and developmental stages. …


Evaluation Of Laser-Based Spectrometers For Greenhouse Gas Flux Measurements In Coastal Marshes, Elizabeth Q. Brannon, Serena Moseman-Valtierra, Chris W. Rella, Rose M. Martin, Xuechu Chen, Jianwu Tang Jan 2016

Evaluation Of Laser-Based Spectrometers For Greenhouse Gas Flux Measurements In Coastal Marshes, Elizabeth Q. Brannon, Serena Moseman-Valtierra, Chris W. Rella, Rose M. Martin, Xuechu Chen, Jianwu Tang

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Precise and rapid analyses of greenhouse gases (GHGs) will advance understanding of the net climatic forcing of coastal marsh ecosystems. We examined the ability of a cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) analyzer (Model G2508, Picarro) to measure carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes in real-time from coastal marshes through comparisons with a Shimadzu GC-2014 (GC) in a marsh mesocosm experiment and with a similar laser-based N2O analyzer (Model N2O/CO, Los Gatos Research) in both mesocosm and field experiments. Minimum (analytical) detectable fluxes for all gases were …


Notes On The Marine Algae Of The Bermudas. 15. Dichotomaria Huismanii (Galaxauraceae, Rhodophyta), A New Species In The D. Marginata Complex From The Western Atlantic, Craig W. Schneider, Thea R. Popolizio, Dylan S. Spagnuolo, Christopher E. Lane Jan 2016

Notes On The Marine Algae Of The Bermudas. 15. Dichotomaria Huismanii (Galaxauraceae, Rhodophyta), A New Species In The D. Marginata Complex From The Western Atlantic, Craig W. Schneider, Thea R. Popolizio, Dylan S. Spagnuolo, Christopher E. Lane

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Using plastid-encoded rbcL and mitochondrial COI-5P sequence data, the species in Bermuda formerly recognized as Dichotomaria marginata was found to be a cryptic species in a wide complex of species all falling under the morphologically broad species concept for this supposed pantropical species. The new species, Dichotomaria huismanii, shows subtle anatomical and morphological differences when compared to D. marginata, and at present is only known from Bermuda. Bermuda specimens were compared with our isolates of D. marginata from St. Croix (Virgin Is.), as well as rbcL sequenced specimens with those from Guadeloupe and Puerto Rico in …


A Randomized Controlled Trial To Compare Computer-Assisted Motivational Intervention With Didactic Educational Counseling To Reduce Unprotected Sex In Female Adolescents, Melanie A. Gold, Golfo K. Tzilos, L.A.R. Stein, Bradley J. Anderson, Michael D. Stein, Chistopher M. Ryan, Allan Zuckoff, Carlo Diclemente Jan 2016

A Randomized Controlled Trial To Compare Computer-Assisted Motivational Intervention With Didactic Educational Counseling To Reduce Unprotected Sex In Female Adolescents, Melanie A. Gold, Golfo K. Tzilos, L.A.R. Stein, Bradley J. Anderson, Michael D. Stein, Chistopher M. Ryan, Allan Zuckoff, Carlo Diclemente

Psychology Faculty Publications

Study Objective: To examine a computer-assisted, counselor-guided motivational intervention (CAMI) aimed at reducing the risk of unprotected sexual intercourse.

Design, Setting, Participants, Interventions, and Main Outcome Measures: We conducted a 9-month, longitudinal randomized controlled trial with a multisite recruitment strategy including clinic, university, and social referrals, and compared the CAMI with didactic educational counseling in 572 female adolescents with a mean age of 17 years (SD = 2.2 years; range = 13-21 years; 59% African American) who were at risk for pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. The primary outcome was the acceptability of the CAMI according to self-reported rating scales. …


College Of Pharmacy Annual Report For Fy2016, Uri College Of Pharmacy Jan 2016

College Of Pharmacy Annual Report For Fy2016, Uri College Of Pharmacy

College of Pharmacy Reports

Annual report for the College of Pharmacy of the University of Rhode Island for the year 2015-2016.

Includes information and statistics for the academic programs, research work and developments by faculty and students, community engagement and donations.


Pfos Induces Adipogenesis And Glucose Uptake In Association With Activation Of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway, Jialin Xu, Prajakta Shimpi, Laura Armstrong, Deanna Salter, Angela L. Slitt Jan 2016

Pfos Induces Adipogenesis And Glucose Uptake In Association With Activation Of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway, Jialin Xu, Prajakta Shimpi, Laura Armstrong, Deanna Salter, Angela L. Slitt

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

PFOS is a chemical of nearly ubiquitous exposure in humans. Recent studies have associated PFOS exposure to adipose tissue-related effects. The present study was to determine whether PFOS alters the process of adipogenesis and regulates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in mouse and human preadipocytes. In murine-derived 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, PFOS enhanced hormone-induced differentiation to adipocytes and adipogenic gene expression, increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 μM, and enhanced Glucose transporter type 4 and Insulin receptor substrate-1 expression. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 and Glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit were significantly induced in 3T3-L1 …


Effect Of Cranberry (Vaccinium Macrocarpon) Oligosaccharides On The Formation Of Advanced Glycation End-Products, Jiadong Sun, Weixi Liu, Hang Ma, Jannie P.J. Marais, Christina Khoo, Joel A. Dain, David C. Rowley, Navindra P. Seeram Jan 2016

Effect Of Cranberry (Vaccinium Macrocarpon) Oligosaccharides On The Formation Of Advanced Glycation End-Products, Jiadong Sun, Weixi Liu, Hang Ma, Jannie P.J. Marais, Christina Khoo, Joel A. Dain, David C. Rowley, Navindra P. Seeram

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: The formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are implicated in several chronic human illnesses including type-2 diabetes, renal failure, and neurodegenerative diseases. The cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) fruit has been previously reported to show anti-AGEs effects, attributed primarily to its phenolic constituents. However, there is lack of similar data on the non-phenolic constituents found in the cranberry fruit, in particular, its carbohydrate constituents. Herein, a chemically characterized oligosaccharide-enriched fraction purified from the cranberry fruit was evaluated for its potential anti-AGEs and free radical scavenging effects.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate …


Bisphenol A Sulfonation Is Impaired In Metabolic And Liver Disease, Emine B. Yalcin, Supriya R. Kulkarni, Angela L. Slitt, Roberta King Jan 2016

Bisphenol A Sulfonation Is Impaired In Metabolic And Liver Disease, Emine B. Yalcin, Supriya R. Kulkarni, Angela L. Slitt, Roberta King

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used industrial chemical and suspected endocrine disruptor to which humans are ubiquitously exposed. The liver metabolizes and facilitates BPA excretion through glucuronidation and sulfonation. The sulfotransferase enzymes contributing to BPA sulfonation (detected in human and rodents) is poorly understood.

Objectives: To determine the impact of metabolic and liver disease on BPA sulfonation in human and mouse livers.

Methods: The capacity for BPA sulfonation was determined in human liver samples that were categorized into different stages of metabolic and liver disease (including obesity, diabetes, steatosis, and cirrhosis) and in livers from ob/ob mice.

Results: …


Cytotoxic Gallium Complexes Containing Thiosemicarbazones Derived From 9-Anthraldehyde: Molecular Docking With Biomolecules, Floyd A. Beckford, Alyssa Brock, Antonio Gonzalez-Sarrías, Navindra P. Seeram Jan 2016

Cytotoxic Gallium Complexes Containing Thiosemicarbazones Derived From 9-Anthraldehyde: Molecular Docking With Biomolecules, Floyd A. Beckford, Alyssa Brock, Antonio Gonzalez-Sarrías, Navindra P. Seeram

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

We have synthesized a trio of gallium complexes bearing 9-anthraldehyde thiosemicarbazones. The complexes were assessed for their anticancer activity and their biophysical reactivity was also investigated. The three complexes displayed good cytotoxic profiles against two human colon cancer cell lines, HCT-116 and Caco-2. The IC50 ranged from 4.7 to 44.1 μM with the complex having an unsubstituted amino group on the thiosemicarbazone being the most active. This particular complex also showed a high therapeutic index. All three complexes bind strongly to DNA via intercalation with binding constants ranging from 7.46 × 104 M−1 to 3.25 × 10 …


Effects Of A Standardized Phenolic-Enriched Maple Syrup Extract On Β-Amyloid Aggregation, Neuroinflammation In Microglial And Neuronal Cells, And Β-Amyloid Induced Neurotoxicity In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Hang Ma, Nicholas A. Dasilva, Weixi Liu, Pragati P. Nahar, Zhengxi Wei, Yongqiang Liu, Priscilla T. Pham, Rebecca Crews, Dhiraj A. Vattem, Angela L. Slitt, Zahir A. Shaikh, Navindra P. Seeram Jan 2016

Effects Of A Standardized Phenolic-Enriched Maple Syrup Extract On Β-Amyloid Aggregation, Neuroinflammation In Microglial And Neuronal Cells, And Β-Amyloid Induced Neurotoxicity In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Hang Ma, Nicholas A. Dasilva, Weixi Liu, Pragati P. Nahar, Zhengxi Wei, Yongqiang Liu, Priscilla T. Pham, Rebecca Crews, Dhiraj A. Vattem, Angela L. Slitt, Zahir A. Shaikh, Navindra P. Seeram

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Published data supports the neuroprotective effects of several phenolic-containing natural products, including certain fruit, berries, spices, nuts, green tea, and olive oil. However, limited data are available for phenolic-containing plant-derived natural sweeteners including maple syrup. Herein, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of a chemically standardized phenolic-enriched maple syrup extract (MSX) using a combination of biophysical, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Based on biophysical data (Thioflavin T assay, transmission electron microscopy, circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential), MSX reduced amyloid β1−42 peptide (Aβ1−42) fibrillation in a concentration-dependent manner (50–500 μg/mL) with similar effects as the …


Real-Time Profiling Of Solid-State Nanopores During Solution-Phase Nanofabrication, Y. M. N. D. Y. Bandara, Buddini Iroshika Karawdeniya, Jason R. Dwyer Jan 2016

Real-Time Profiling Of Solid-State Nanopores During Solution-Phase Nanofabrication, Y. M. N. D. Y. Bandara, Buddini Iroshika Karawdeniya, Jason R. Dwyer

Chemistry Faculty Publications

We describe a method for simply characterizing the size and shape of a nanopore during solution-based fabrication and surface modification, using only low-overhead approaches native to conventional nanopore measurements. Solution-based nanopore fabrication methods are democratizing nanopore science by supplanting the traditional use of charged-particle microscopes for fabrication, but nanopore profiling has customarily depended on microscopic examination. Our approach exploits the dependence of nanopore conductance in solution on nanopore size, shape, and surface chemistry in order to characterize nanopores. Measurements of the changing nanopore conductance during formation by etching or deposition can be analyzed using our method to characterize the nascent …


Thyrotropin Receptor Epitope And Human Leukocyte Antigen In Graves’ Disease, Hidefumi Inaba, Leslie J. De Groot, Takashi Akamizu Jan 2016

Thyrotropin Receptor Epitope And Human Leukocyte Antigen In Graves’ Disease, Hidefumi Inaba, Leslie J. De Groot, Takashi Akamizu

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Graves’ disease (GD) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease, and thyrotropin (TSH) receptor (TSHR) is a major autoantigen in this condition. Since the extracellular domain of human TSHR (TSHR-ECD) is shed into the circulation, TSHR-ECD is a preferentially immunogenic portion of TSHR. Both genetic factors and environmental factors contribute to development of GD. Inheritance of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, especially HLA-DR3, is associated with GD. TSHR-ECD protein is endocytosed into antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and processed to TSHR-ECD peptides. These peptide epitopes bind to HLA-class II molecules, and subsequently the complex of HLA-class II and TSHR-ECD epitope is presented to CD4+ …


In Situ Embryo Rescue For Generation Of Wide Intra- And Interspecific Hybrids Of Panicum Virgatum L., Albert P. Kausch, Michael Tilelli, Joel Hague, Christopher Heffelfinger, David Cunha, Maria Moreno, Stephen L. Dellaporta, Kimberly Nelson Jan 2016

In Situ Embryo Rescue For Generation Of Wide Intra- And Interspecific Hybrids Of Panicum Virgatum L., Albert P. Kausch, Michael Tilelli, Joel Hague, Christopher Heffelfinger, David Cunha, Maria Moreno, Stephen L. Dellaporta, Kimberly Nelson

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Wide crosses have been used for decades as a method for transferring novel genetic material and traits in plant breeding. Historically, many products of wide crosses require tedious and inefficient surgical embryo rescue prior to embryo abortion to recover single plantlets. We have utilized transgenic switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L. cv Alamo) as a pollen donor in conjunction with antibiotic or herbicide selection for recovery of intra-and interspecific F1 crosses by using developing ovules from the female parent and selecting for embryogenic cultures derived from the in situ immature embryo. Using this approach, several intravarietial crosses were generated between transgenic Alamo …


The Simple Chordate Ciona Intestinalis Has A Reduced Complement Of Genes Associated With Fanconi Anemia, Edward C. Stanley, Paul A. Azzinaro, David A. Vierra, Niall G. Howlett, Steven Q. Irvine Jan 2016

The Simple Chordate Ciona Intestinalis Has A Reduced Complement Of Genes Associated With Fanconi Anemia, Edward C. Stanley, Paul A. Azzinaro, David A. Vierra, Niall G. Howlett, Steven Q. Irvine

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a human genetic disease characterized by congenital defects, bone marrow failure, and increased cancer risk. FA is associated with mutation in one of 24 genes. The protein products of these genes function cooperatively in the FA pathway to orchestrate the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links. Few model organisms exist for the study of FA. Seeking a model organism with a simpler version of the FA pathway, we searched the genome of the simple chordate Ciona intestinalis for homologs of the human FA-associated proteins. BLAST searches, sequence alignments, hydropathy comparisons, maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis, and structural modeling …


Determinants Of Spread In An Urban Landscape By An Introduced Lizard, Jason J. Kolbe, Paul Vanmiddlesworth, Andrew C. Battles, James T. Stroud, Bill Buffum, Richard T. T. Forman, Jonathan B. Losos Jan 2016

Determinants Of Spread In An Urban Landscape By An Introduced Lizard, Jason J. Kolbe, Paul Vanmiddlesworth, Andrew C. Battles, James T. Stroud, Bill Buffum, Richard T. T. Forman, Jonathan B. Losos

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Context: Urban landscapes are a mixture of built structures, human-altered vegetation, and remnant semi-natural areas. The spatial arrangement of abiotic and biotic conditions resulting from urbanization doubtless influences the establishment and spread of non-native species in a city.

Objectives: We investigated the effects of habitat structure, thermal microclimates, and species coexistence on the spread of a non-native lizard (Anolis cristatellus) in the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida (USA).

Methods: We used transect surveys to estimate lizard occurrence and abundance on trees and to measure vegetation characteristics, and we assessed forest cover and impervious surface using GIS. We …


Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Metabolite-Dependent Quiescence And Persistence May Explain Antibiotic Tolerance During Urinary Tract Infection, Mary P. Leatham-Jensen, Matthew E. Mokszycki, David C. Rowley, Robert Deering, Jodi L. Camberg, Evgeni V. Sokurenko, Veronika L. Tchesnokova, Jakob Frimodt-Møller, Karen A. Krogfelt, Karen Leth Nielsen, Niels Frimodt-Møller, Gongqin Sun, Paul S. Cohen Jan 2016

Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Metabolite-Dependent Quiescence And Persistence May Explain Antibiotic Tolerance During Urinary Tract Infection, Mary P. Leatham-Jensen, Matthew E. Mokszycki, David C. Rowley, Robert Deering, Jodi L. Camberg, Evgeni V. Sokurenko, Veronika L. Tchesnokova, Jakob Frimodt-Møller, Karen A. Krogfelt, Karen Leth Nielsen, Niels Frimodt-Møller, Gongqin Sun, Paul S. Cohen

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

In the present study, it is shown that although Escherichia coli CFT073, a human uropathogenic (UPEC) strain, grows in liquid glucose M9 minimal medium, it fails to grow on glucose M9 minimal medium agar plates seeded with ≤106 CFU. The cells on glucose plates appear to be in a “quiescent” state that can be prevented by various combinations of lysine, methionine, and tyrosine. Moreover, the quiescent state is characteristic of ~80% of E. coli phylogenetic group B2 multilocus sequence type 73 strains, as well as 22.5% of randomly selected UPEC strains isolated from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Denmark. …


Review Of Harvell, Drew. A Sea Of Glass : Searching For The Blaschkas’ Fragile Legacy In An Ocean At Risk, Judith B. Barnett Jan 2016

Review Of Harvell, Drew. A Sea Of Glass : Searching For The Blaschkas’ Fragile Legacy In An Ocean At Risk, Judith B. Barnett

Technical Services Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.