Digital Commons Network^™

Renaissance 2008, University Of Rhode Island

URI Yearbooks

This is a digitized, downloadable version of the University of Rhode Island yearbook.

Antimicrobial Peptides For Use In Oyster Aquaculture: Effect On Pathogens, Commensals, And Eukaryotic Expression Systems, Tarquin Dorrington, Marta Gomez-Chiarri

Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Faculty Publications

Two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of marine origin, tachyplesin from the Japanese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, and pleurocidin-amide from the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, were tested for their potential effectiveness in disease treatment in oyster aquaculture. Tachyplesin had a greater antimicrobial effect than pleurocidin-amideagainst a range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with minimum inhibitor concentrations in the range of 0.625 to 5ug mL^–1. Tachyplesin (50 mg mL^–1) was also more effective than pleurocidin-amide (250 mg mL^–1) against the oyster protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus, reducing its viability to 9% versus 22% in vitro …

To Treat Or Not To Treat: The Role Of Antibiotics In The Management Of Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections In An Ambulatory Setting, Julie Ann Deangelis

Open Access Dissertations

Background. Inappropriate antibiotic use for the management of community-acquired respiratory tract infections (RTIs) continues to be of great concern due to increasing bacterial resistance, the potential risk of adverse events, and the unnecessary wasting of economic resources. Although publications have suggested a decline in unnecessary antibiotic use for the treatment of RTIs since the early 1990s, antimicrobial treatment post 2000 in the outpatient setting is not well understood. Objective. The purpose of our research was to determine the antibiotic prescribing trends since 1995 in adults with a diagnosis of bronchitis, CAP or sinusitis. We also evaluated the prevalence of antibiotic …

Alzheimer's Disease (Ad) Like Pathology Following Developmental Lead Exposure In Primates And The Role Of Aging In Ad-Related Genes Regulation In Rodents And Primates, Jinfang Wu

Open Access Dissertations

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, irreversible neurodegenerative disease results in memory loss and dementia. The search for the etiology of sporadic AD focuses on environmental links and the role of aging. In manuscript 1, we validated our previous rodent model in primates by the following findings. (1) Developmental Pb exposure caused elevated AD-related APP, BACE1 and Sp1 mRNA expression as well as APP protein and amyloidogenic Aβ40 and Aβ42. (2) The molecular changes were accompanied by AD-like pathological changes in exposed monkey brains. (3) Pb exposure increased 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanine in the monkey brain. (4) DNA methyltransferase activity was suppressed in exposed …

Gender And Women's Studies Newsletter For September 2007, Uri Gender And Women's Studie Department

Gender and Women's Studies Publications

The September 2007 issue of Gender and Women’s Studies Newsletter, a periodical with articles written by faculty members and some related to events within the Gender and Women’s Studies program.

Serials Unit Annual Report 2006-2007, Andree J. Rathemacher

Serials Unit Reports

Annual report of the Serials Unit, University of Rhode Island Library. Covers personnel, work flow, subscriptions, and statistics on expenditures by a number of variables.

Serials Solutions Subject Search Report 2006-2007

Technical Services Reports and Statistics

Statistics on the total number of Serials Solutions subject searches at the University of Rhode Island Libraries by month for 2006-2007. Shows how many times the A-Z full text electronic journal list (at http://zu4tq4pb5v.search.serialssolutions.com/) was browsed by specific subjects.

Idcr: Infectious Diseases In Corrections Report, Vol. 9 No. 13, Infectious Diseases In Corrections

Infectious Diseases in Corrections Report (IDCR)

No abstract provided.

Division Of Research And Economic Development Annual Report For Fy2007, Uri Division Of Research And Economic Development

Reports (Research and Economic Development)

Annual report for the Division of Research and Economic Development of the University of Rhode Island for the year 2006-2007.

Includes statistics of project proposals, expenditures, URI Foundation Awards, previous annual report summaries and awards received by individual academic and administrative departments.

Respiration Of Escherichia Coli In The Mouse Intestine, Shari A. Jones, Fatema Z. Chowdhury, Andrew J. Fabich, April Anderson, Darrel M. Schreiner, Anetra L. House, Steven M. Autieri, Mary P. Leatham, Jeremy J. Lins, Mathias Jorgensen, Paul S. Cohen, Tyrrell Conway

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Mammals are aerobes that harbor an intestinal ecosystem dominated by large numbers of anaerobic microorganisms. However, the role of oxygen in the intestinal ecosystem is largely unexplored. We used systematic mutational analysis to determine the role of respiratory metabolism in the streptomycin-treated mouse model of intestinal colonization. Here we provide evidence that aerobic respiration is required for commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli to colonize mice. Our results showed that mutants lacking ATP synthase, which is required for all respiratory energy-conserving metabolism, were eliminated by competition with respiratory-competent wild-type strains. Mutants lacking the high-affinity cytochrome bd oxidase, which is used when …

L-Fucose Stimulates Utilization Of D-Ribose By Escherichia Coli Mg1655 Δfucao And E. Coli Nissle 1917 Δfucao Mutants In The Mouse Intestine And In M9 Minimal Medium, Steven M. Autieri, Jeremy J. Lins, Mary P. Leatham, David C. Laux, Tyrrell Conway, Paul S. Cohen

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Escherichia coli MG1655 uses several sugars for growth in the mouse intestine. To determine the roles of l-fucose and d-ribose, an E. coli MG1655 ΔfucAO mutant and an E. coli MG1655 ΔrbsK mutant were fed separately to mice along with wild-type E. coli MG1655. The E. coli MG1655 ΔfucAO mutant colonized the intestine at a level 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of the wild type, but the E. coli MG1655 ΔrbsK mutant and the wild type colonized at nearly identical levels. Surprisingly, an E. coli MG1655 ΔfucAO ΔrbsK mutant was eliminated from …

Role Of Motility And The Flhdc Operon In Escherichia Coli Mg1655 Colonization Of The Mouse Intestine, Eric J. Gauger, Mary P. Leatham, Regino Mercado-Lubo, David C. Laux, Tyrrell Conway, Paul S. Cohen

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Previously, we reported that the mouse intestine selected mutants of Escherichia coli MG1655 that have improved colonizing ability (M. P. Leatham et al., Infect. Immun. 73:8039-8049, 2005). These mutants grew 10 to 20% faster than their parent in mouse cecal mucus in vitro and 15 to 30% faster on several sugars found in the mouse intestine. The mutants were nonmotile and had deletions of various lengths beginning immediately downstream of an IS1 element located within the regulatory region of the flhDC operon, which encodes the master regulator of flagellum biosynthesis, FlhD₄C₂. Here we show …

Freshman Record : The University Of Rhode Island, The Interfraternity/Panhellenic Councils

Freshman Record

No abstract provided.

A Decade Comparison Of Preterm Motor Performance At Age 4, Mary C. Sullivan, Kathleen Hawes

College of Nursing Faculty Publications

This was a prospective longitudinal study of two cohorts comprised of one full term and three premature infant groups born 10 years apart. Birth cohort, perinatal morbidity, and birth weight effects were investigated at age 4. Cohort 1 (1985–1989) had longer gestation, higher birth weight, and better Apgar scores than Cohort 2 (1996–1999), which had more intraventricular hemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Cohort and perinatal morbidity group, but not birth weight, predicted motor scores. Preterm Cohort 2 children had better oral motor, fine motor, and total motor scores, but lower visual motor integration scores than Cohort 1. Motor problems continue to …

Media (Literacy) Education In The United States, Guo-Ming Chen

Communication Studies Faculty Publications

Previous research on conversational sensitivity and listening styles has shown inconsistent results on the relationship between the two concepts. This study is designed to continue the line of research by further examining the relationship of the two concepts and between the dimensions. Two hundred and seventy students in the basic courses of Communication and Psychology participate in this study. The results indicate that significantly positive and negative relationships exist among the dimensions of the two concepts. Gender differences on the two concepts are also tested. Limitations and directions for future research are as well discussed.

Uri Undergraduate And Graduate Course Catalog 2007-2008, University Of Rhode Island

URI Course Catalogs Archive

This is a digitized, downloadable version of the University of Rhode Island course catalog.

Self-Disclosure And Self-Management In Young Adults With Early-Onset Adult Type 2 Diabetes, Geraldine M. Chalykoff

Open Access Dissertations

Early-onset adult type 2 diabetes, which strikes young adults aged 18-44 years, poses a significant health threat. Adequate self-management requires that young adults perform medical tasks and practice healthy lifestyle behaviors in social situations of everyday life. Few researchers have examined whether these young adults disclose their illness to others and if self-disclosure is linked to diabetes self-management. A descriptive and exploratory study was designed to answer the following research questions: (1) To what extent do young adults with early onset type 2 diabetes identify instances of illness related self-disclosure during the course of their disease? (2) What is the …

Personal Motivation, Body Image, Health Behavior And Stage Of Exercising, Erica Rose Checko

Open Access Dissertations

Despite the well-documented links between regular physical activity and health in both the mental and physical domains, facilitation of exercise adherence is a major practical issue in health promotion. In today's society, many people are either sedentary or too infrequently active to accrue health benefits. Previous research suggests that intrinsic motivation plays a particularly salient role in the exercise behavior process and may be implicated in long-term maintenance. The primary goal of this study is to identify the motivational factors that contribute to regular exercise. A major focus will be on the potential relationship of motivational factors and body image …

An Examination Of The Effectiveness Of Community-Based Participatory Research Projects In Producing Intended Health Outcomes, John Won Lee

Open Access Dissertations

Although community-based participatory research (CBPR) projects continue to grow in popularity, their effectiveness in producing positive health outcomes is not well understood. Through the examination of the outcome data of such projects, the current study sought to (i) answer the research question, "what is the evidence that CBPR projects can generate intended health outcomes?" (ii) identify and assess attributes of CBPR initiatives which may be related to the production of positive health outcomes, and (iii) test the research hypothesis: the level of community participation in defining the research question combined with the level community participation in decision making positively predicts …

Roles And Strategies Of Nurses Facilitating Diabetes Support Groups: An Exploratory Study, Joanne Fawcett Costello

Open Access Dissertations

Diabetes is a pervasive health problem with potentially devastating but preventable consequences. Although technological advances and new treatments have resulted in great optimism for controlling the disease, research indicates that the challenges of diabetes self-management are overwhelming for many. One creative intervention which has beginning empirical support and which seems to be helping many living with diabetes to sustain management of the disease and quality of life is diabetes support groups. Nurse diabetes educators have been frequent facilitators in these groups, yet little is known about how these nurses perceive their role and the strategies they use as well as …

Patterns Of Fuel Use And Storage In Songbirds In Relation To Diet Composition And Food Availability During Migration, Susan B. Smith

Open Access Dissertations

Migration is energetically demanding for small songbirds and requires frequent stops to rest and replenish energy reserves. Food quality and availability at migration stopover sites may influence the length of time birds spend refueling, and could therefore be used to predict the quality of habitats for migrating birds. The objectives of my research were (1) to determine the effects of dietary macronutrient composition on plasma indicators of fuel use and body composition of birds, (2) to compare the nutrient composition and adequacy of seasonal fruit resources for satisfying the nutritional requirements of songbirds, and (3) to evaluate patterns of fuel …

Examining The Psychological Correlates Of Binge Eating Disorder Symptomatology In A Morbidly Obese Presurgical Sample, Caren Leigh Francione

Open Access Dissertations

Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective weight loss intervention for morbidly obese individuals. A successful outcome is largely dependent on a patient's ability to make and maintain the necessary postoperative lifestyle adjustments. Early studies have suggested that the presence of certain psychiatric disorders have the potential to interfere with patients' ability to make these adjustments. To date, little is known about the actual prevalence of psychiatric disorders and their associated features in bariatric presurgical patients. The current study has four main aims. Aim 1 examined the lifetime and current prevalence of Axis I and II psychiatric disorders with an …

Disordered Eating Behaviors Among Collegiate Athletes, Stephanie Milbradt Marchand

Open Access Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the rates of disordered eating behaviors among collegiate athletes at a Division I university and to evaluate environmental factors that influence these behaviors. The study also examined whether athletes with more disordered eating behaviors assess and respond to environmental factors differently than athletes with fewer disordered eating behaviors. The student-athletes completed an Athlete's Questionnaire; the Body Dissatisfaction, Drive for Thinness, and Bulimia subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2; and the Eating Attitude Test-26. Coaches and athletic trainers completed either a Coach's or Athletic Trainer's Questionnaire. Focus groups with athletes, coaches, and athletic …

Stuart Chases's Use Of Jules Verne's The Mysterious Island, (1874), Richard Vangermeersch

Special Collections (Miscellaneous)

There are two very specific reasons why this piece was researched and written. The first is a continuation of my work done on Stuart Chase (various publications). I am still hopeful my efforts will inspire an historian to do a 1000 page biography on Stuart Chase. The second is further example why my idea of using Verne’s book as the basis for a one-day management seminar is worth trying.

Idcr: Infectious Diseases In Corrections Report, Vol. 9 No. 9, Infectious Diseases In Corrections

Infectious Diseases in Corrections Report (IDCR)

No abstract provided.

Serials Unit Annual Report 2005-2006, Andree J. Rathemacher

Serials Unit Reports

Annual report of the Serials Unit of the University of Rhode Island Library for the year 2005-2006. Covers personnel, technology, work flow, subscription changes, and future plans.

Health-Related Quality Of Life Following A Clinical Weight Loss Intervention Among Overweight And Obese Adults: Intervention And 24 Month Follow-Up Effects, Bryan J. Blissmer, Deborah Riebe, Gabriela Dye, Laurie Ruggiero, Geoffrey Greene, Marjorie Caldwell

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Background:

Despite a growing literature on the efficacy of behavioral weight loss interventions, we still know relatively little about the long terms effects they have on HRQL. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the immediate post-intervention (6 months) and long-term (12 and 24 months) effects of clinically based weight management programs on HRQL.

Methods:

We conducted a randomized clinical trial in which all participants completed a 6 month clinical weight loss program and were randomized into two 6-month extended care groups. Participants then returned at 12 and 24 months for follow-up assessments. A total of 144 individuals …

A Comparison Of The Imapct Of Environmental Stressors On Blood Parameters Of Captive Harbor Seals (Phoca Vitulina), Maura Allard

Senior Honors Projects

Little research has been established in determining blood chemistry values for harbor seals in Alaska. It has been suggested that various environmental factors can influence the blood chemistry values due to temperature, day length, precipitation, constraint and diet amongst other variables. Currently there are no guidelines for veterinarians and rehabilitators to refer to when analyzing blood chemistry values for sick animals. The hope for this research is that it will aide in establishing guidelines for specific circumstances due to environmental stressors. It is hoped that in the future, this study will be used to create values for which veterinarians can …

Assessment Of Whole Grain Intake And Health Correlates In An Aging Population, Alexis Howard

Senior Honors Projects

Research suggests that whole grain intake may decrease the risk of heart disease, type II diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and many types of cancer. The overall goal of this work is to increase the health status of an older adult population through comprehensive nutrition risk assessment and exposure to tailored nutrition education interventions. This project involved assisting in baseline and post-intervention assessment of the knowledge, attitude, and intake of whole grain foods within a convenience sample of fifty-eight older adults residing in low-income housing sites across Rhode Island. Anthropometry, including height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure was measured, along with …

Idcr: Infectious Diseases In Corrections Report, Vol. 9 No. 4, Infectious Diseases In Corrections

Infectious Diseases in Corrections Report (IDCR)

No abstract provided.